Accumulation somatic cells cell proliferation. Medical search. Frequent questions

In addition, it can stimulate apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
Specifically, the RAS/MAPK pathway regulates the growth and division (proliferation) of cells, the process by which cells mature to carry out specific functions (differentiation), cell movement (migration), and the self-destruction of cells (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
Hematopoietic stem cells are cells isolated from blood and bone marrow that can differentiate into a variety of different specialized cells and suffer apoptosis 1 . (bvsalud.org)
A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
Conclusions These findings ascertained an conversation between p53, c-myc, p21, p27, Bcl-2, PI3K/Akt pathway, and CF-induced apoptosis in MSTO-211H and HCT-116 cells, suggesting that CF acts as an important regulator of cell growth in human malignancy cell lines. (bioinf.org)
Many physiological processes, including proper tissue development and homeostasis, require a balance between apoptosis and cell 123653-11-2 manufacture proliferation. (bioinf.org)
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) occurs in a wide variety of physiological NIK settings, where its role is to remove harmful, damaged or unwanted cells. (bioinf.org)
Apoptosis and cell proliferation are linked by cell-cycle regulators and apoptotic stimuli that affect both processes. (bioinf.org)
A failure in regulating proliferation together with suppression of apoptosis are the 123653-11-2 manufacture minimal requirements for a cell to become cancerous [4]. (bioinf.org)
An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
As Type D cells die from trauma or apoptosis they are replaced by new cells resulting from differentiation of Type B and Type C cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
The sub G1 peaks, which signify necrosis/apoptosis, are greater in DCS taken care of 40AF cells compared with all the handle group. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
With aging, the cell stops dividing: it does not respond to growth factors and becomes resistant to apoptosis. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Alterations in gene sequence or expression can occur in the cell-signalling and regulatory pathways involved in cell-cycle control, apoptosis, proteosome regulation and angiogenesis. (bmj.com)
Alternatively, cells that sense injury or loss of mitochondrial integrity may undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis). (massgenomics.org)
Knockdown of KDM1B inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)
The review focuses on the role of APC-derived EVs in regulating the transformation of macrophage phenotype, shaping foam cells, driving autophagy and/or inhibiting apoptosis of Th4 + cells, T regulatory cells, endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), as well as in facilitating oxidative stress in vasculature. (bmrat.org)
These differences were found in genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell signaling, metastasis, and myeloid differentiation. (medscape.com)

Unlike germline mutations, which can be passed on to the descendants of an organism, somatic mutations are not usually transmitted to descendants. (wikipedia.org)
While somatic mutations are not passed down to an organism's offspring, somatic mutations will be present in all descendants of a cell within the same organism. (wikipedia.org)
Many cancers are the result of accumulated somatic mutations. (wikipedia.org)
However, somatic mutations are passed down to all the progeny of a mutated cell within the same organism. (wikipedia.org)
somatic mitochondrial mutations have been implicated in development of some neurodegenerative diseases. (wikipedia.org)
There are many exceptions to the rule that somatic mutations cannot be inherited by offspring. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic mutations can also be passed down to offspring in organisms that can reproduce asexually, without production of gametes. (wikipedia.org)
Many plants naturally reproduce through vegetative reproduction - growth of a new plant from a fragment of the parent plant - propagating somatic mutations without the step of seed production. (wikipedia.org)
As with germline mutations, mutations in somatic cells may arise due to endogenous factors, including errors during DNA replication and repair, and exposure to reactive oxygen species produced by normal cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
Both in terms of mutational load (total mutations present in a cell) and mutation rate per cell division (new mutations with each mitosis), somatic mutation rates were more than ten times that of the germline, in humans and in mice. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic drivers are mutations or fusions that confer a survival advantage to "drive" malignant proliferation. (medscape.com)
Passenger mutations are additional mutations found in the cancers that do not contribute to cancer proliferation. (medscape.com)
In contrast, both mutations in nonhereditary retinoblastoma are somatic. (medscape.com)
Additional gene mutations in cells within the nevus after birth can lead to melanoma in people with giant congenital melanocytic nevus. (medlineplus.gov)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The classical somatic mutation theory (SMT) of carcinogenesis and metastasis postulates that malignant transformation occurs in cells that accumulate enough mutations in the appropriate oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes. (cancerhugs.com)
SMT proposes that mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes lead to the uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells inside a cell-autonomous fashion. (cancerhugs.com)
According to the results from a study performed by cell ethnicities the build up of mutations could clarify the fact that most tumor cell lines in tradition can initially just grow in the current presence of huge amounts of development factors and various other hormones Phloroglucinol that imitate an inflammatory micromilieu [37]. (cancerhugs.com)
Extra mutations could offer an autocrine feedback loop rendering the cell lines unbiased from stromal cell support thereby. (cancerhugs.com)
Tissue-based versions issue the dominance from the mutations in epithelial cells as well as the sovereignty from the tumor cells in identifying the cancers phenotype. (cancerhugs.com)
Most patients with mastocytosis have activating somatic mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase kit (CD117). (digs-bb.de)
We want to understand how the hierarchical organization of mature blood cell regeneration from stem and progenitor cells shapes the accumulation of somatic mutations and hence the risk of developing blood cancer. (digs-bb.de)
Genomic instability creates a permissive state in which a potential cancer cell is allowed to acquire enough mutations to become a cancer cell. (proteinlounge.com)
Mutations occur rarely, and in order for a cell to become cancerous - this is calculated for human fibroblasts - about 100 divisions must occur (this number of divisions usually occurs in a person at about the age of 40) [5]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
According to the ruling hypothesis the potential source of tumorigenesis might be cancer stem cells (CSCs) resulting from the accumulation of mutations in other types of stem cells (SCs). (longdom.org)
Mutations, amplification and deletions of the upstream regulators of AKT are among the most frequent somatic events in cancer [ 2 , 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Of note, recent genomic studies demonstrate activating, somatic BRAF mutations in the majority of human specimens. (medscape.com)
Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)
Somatic mutations in facial skin from countries of contrasting skin cancer risk. (cdc.gov)

GBM tumours exhibit heterogeneity, both of the cells they comprise and the cellular metabolism profiles (8), which complicates their profiling. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, in vitro culturing conditions can have a large effect on cell growth (11-13) and thus, cellular metabolism. (researchsquare.com)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Multiple research groups have developed artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplantation (AMT/T) methods that transfer healthy mitochondria into damaged cells and recover cellular function. (biomedcentral.com)
The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally preferred to the older term, histiocytosis X. This newer name emphasizes the histogenesis of the condition by specifying the type of lesional cell and removes the connotation of the unknown ("X") because its cellular basis has now been clarified. (medscape.com)
Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)
Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
Our "opinions" model emphasizes the role of an altered spatiotemporal communication between epithelial and stromal cells during carcinogenesis: a dysfunctional intracellular signaling in tumorigenic epithelial cells prospects to inappropriate cellular reactions to stimuli from connected stromal or inflammatory cells. (cancerhugs.com)
For this reason, our main objectives were to evaluate if the temperature during embryonal mass initiation in radiata pine was critical to the success of somatic embryogenesis, to alter the morphological and ultrastructural organization of embryonal masses at cellular level and to modify the carbohydrate, protein, or amino acid contents. (unavarra.es)
At the same time, changes observed at cellular level suggested that strong heat shock treatments may trigger the programmed cell death of embryogenic cells, leading to an early loss of embryogenic potential, and the formation of supernumerary suspensor cells. (unavarra.es)
Current knowledge of cellular behavior is mainly acquired by studies concerning homogenous populations of cells cultured as monolayers. (intechopen.com)
Sertoli-Germ (Spermatid)-cell interactions affect spermatogenesis at the molecular, cellular and biochemical levels. (proteinlounge.com)
The development of the disease is associated with microvascular inflammation and altered immune reaction due to strong infiltration of intima and sub-intima by oxidized lipids, oxidative stress, proliferative responses from cellular components of intima and media, accumulation of extracellular components with the shaping of atherosclerotic plaques, impaired vasomotion ability, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis, ultimately resulting in vascular remodeling and artery obstruction 11 , 12 . (bmrat.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling cascade is a vital mediator of essential cellular activities including proliferation and survival [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Hypoxia, due to the lack of oxygen (O2) as the electron recipient, causes inefficient electron transfer through the electron transport chain at the mitochondria leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which could create irreversible cellular damages. (stanford.edu)
10] Interestingly, this analysis found no differences in expression of proliferation markers between these subsets of CD207+ cells, consistent with the hypothesis that LCH may be a disease of abnormal cellular accumulation. (medscape.com)
Oncocytic cells in the thyroid are often called Hürthle cells, and oncocytic change is defined as cellular enlargement characterized by an abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm as a result of accumulation of altered mitochondria. (medscape.com)

In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Time-lapse videography of living cells captures spectacular intracellular mitochondrial movement, and this movement promotes mitochondrial connections to form a dynamic mitochondrial network [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to intracellular mitochondrial movement, intercellular mitochondrial transfer between mammalian cells has recently been discovered. (biomedcentral.com)
Intercellular mitochondrial transfer can be regarded as an extension of intracellular mitochondrial movement or intercellular communication, which undoubtedly increases the mtDNA content of the recipient cells and restores the respiration and survival of the recipient cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In the field of stem cells, cumulative evidence has shown that mitochondrial transfer contributes to stem cell-triggered repair of damaged cells [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The Gerbaulet group studies the biology of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in their native environment. (digs-bb.de)
For decades, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells have been studied primarily through such transplantation-based assays. (digs-bb.de)
Preconditioning of recipients by lethal irradiation or chemotherapy forces transplanted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to realize their maximum potential, but this does not necessarily reflect their fate and behavior in the native bone marrow environment. (digs-bb.de)
To investigate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in their physiologic environment, we use state-of-the-art mouse models. (digs-bb.de)
At steady-state, HSC infrequently divide and slowly but continuously spawn rapidly dividing progenitor cells. (digs-bb.de)
With growth, these proliferate and, in a remarkably articulated manner, progressively differentiate into multipotent stem cells (Type B), progenitor cells (Type C), mature body somatic cells (Type E), and many eventually become senescent cells (Type E). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
In essence, early-on the body sets up pools of stem and progenitor cells to replace lost somatic cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
They are secreted by a wide array of cells, including cardiac myocytes, mature and progenitor endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, immune cells like antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and malignant cells 5 , 6 . (bmrat.org)

It specifically negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
This protein is part of a signaling pathway known as the RAS/MAPK pathway, which controls several important cell functions. (medlineplus.gov)
Almost all of these genetic changes abnormally activate the protein, which disrupts the tightly regulated RAS/MAPK signaling pathway in cells throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Constitutional PV's in the tumor suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) result in constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway through deregulation of β-catenin, causing downstream effects on proliferation and differentiation within colonic crypts. (aacrjournals.org)

Their loss of function is a well described mechanism of malignant proliferation. (medscape.com)
The working group of the Histiocyte Society divided histocytic disorders into three groups: (1) dendritic cell histiocytosis, (2) macrophage-related disorders, and (3) malignant histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
Another extremely important criticism of SMT is that the malignant phenotype of epithelial malignancy cells seems to Phloroglucinol be reversible. (cancerhugs.com)
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the malignant neoplasm of the exocrine duct cells, accounts for more than ninety percent of all pancreatic tumors (Ref.1). (proteinlounge.com)
Gliomas are the most common intracranial malignant tumors in humans, and high-grade Gliomas in particular pose a unique challenge due to their propensity for proliferation and tissue invasion. (proteinlounge.com)
This seems to get because of the cytotoxic impact with the DCS cocktail mixture that could help eradication from the malignant cells. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
It turned out that old cells, on the one hand, act as tumor suppressors (since they irreversibly stop dividing themselves and reduce the risk of transformation of surrounding cells), and on the other hand, the specific metabolism of old cells can cause inflammation and degeneration of neighboring precancerous cells into malignant ones. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Permissive histologic interpretation may result in the designation of some non-neoplastic Hürthle cell lesions as malignant tumors. (medscape.com)

In giant congenital melanocytic nevus, a somatic V600E mutation occurs during embryonic development in cells that will develop into pigment-producing skin cells (melanocytes). (medlineplus.gov)
Many studies have shown the utility of embryonic or adult stem cells for forming teeth and for regeneration of bone and soft tissues. (bvsalud.org)
There are basically two types of stem cells: embryonic and somatic (or adult). (bvsalud.org)
Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, which is an accumulation of primordial cells (4-5 days after fertilization). (bvsalud.org)
Accordingly, Rad51b-c.92delT variant reduced replication fork progression of patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines and pluripotent reprogramming efficiency of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (nature.com)
If Extramacrochaetae par-ticipates in cell specification by dimerizing with basic-region-helix-loop-helix proteins, the variety of defects and tissues affected by the insufficiency of extramacrochaetae suggests that helix-loop-helix proteins are involved in many embryonic developmental processes. (biologists.com)
Among these is the isolation of the first line of murine stem cells [ 5 , 6 ] in 1981, followed by establishment of the first human embryonic stem cell lines by Thompson [ 7 ]. (intechopen.com)
Czyz et al (2004) [1] have used electromagnetic fields (EMF) simulating exposure to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) signals on pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)
Cardiac differentiation and cell cycle characteristics were not affected in embryonic stem and embryonic carcinoma cells after exposure to GSM-217 EMF signals. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)

This shift in metabolic pathways is called "The Warburg Effect" and results in the accumulation of lactate regardless of oxygen availability (4). (researchsquare.com)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
In their review " Natural and Adaptive Immunity to Cancer ", Vesely and colleagues draw from recent mouse models of cancer and human clinical data to describe how cells, effector molecules, and pathways of the immune system act to suppress and control tumor cells. (massgenomics.org)
Numerous animal studies as well as observational and clinical trials have shown that atherosclerosis arises from immune activation, with several cell-type specific pathways involved. (bmrat.org)
These include macrophage and smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching and various inflammatory signaling, such as IL-33/suppression of tumorigenesis 2 (ST2), Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathways, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 . (bmrat.org)

Bone marrow appears to contain three stem cell populations: hematopoietic stem cells, stromal stem cells and endothelial precursor cells. (bvsalud.org)
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are at the top of the hematopoietic hierarchy and can differentiate into all types of mature blood cells throughout life. (digs-bb.de)
We hypothesize that the continuous but rare differentiation of quiescent HSCs into rapidly dividing progenitors limits mutation accumulation in the hematopoietic system. (digs-bb.de)
Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) maintain hematopoietic output throughout an animal's lifespan. (biorxiv.org)
One sentence summary Murine hematopoietic stem cells display transcriptional heterogeneity that is quantitatively altered with age and leads to the age-dependent myeloid bias evident after inflammatory challenge. (biorxiv.org)
Such cells exist in the crypts of the intestine, in the basal layer of the skin epithelium, in the bone marrow (hematopoietic cells). (vechnayamolodost.ru)

All somatic cells proliferate via a mitotic process determined by progression through the cell cycle. (bioinf.org)
Stem cells have attracted much interest in tissue engineering as a cell source due to their ability to proliferate in an undifferentiated state for prolonged time and capability of differentiating to different cell types after induction. (wjgnet.com)

These studies often employ GBM cell lines for in vitro studies which translate poorly to the in vivo patient context. (researchsquare.com)
As a result, many researchers utilise established GBM cell lines as in vitro models. (researchsquare.com)
While different metabolic profiles have been completed for both primary GBM cells and GBM cell lines in vitro , there has been no comprehensive comparison. (researchsquare.com)
Repair of mitomycin-C-induced chromosomal aberrations was impaired in RAD51B/Rad51b-c.92delT human and mouse somatic cells in vitro and in explanted mouse bone marrow cells. (nature.com)
Here, we show by genetic loss- and gain-of-function experiments and the use of clinically relevant small molecule modulators that hedgehog signaling is important for controlling self-renewal of a subpopulation of RMS cells in vitro and tumor initiation in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
In vitro spermatogenesis could indeed be proposed to patients with testicular localization of residual tumor cells, for whom testicular tissue autografting is not indicated (about 30% of patients with acute leukemia). (elifesciences.org)
MSC use frequently requires in vitro expansion, thus exposing cells to replicative senescence. (encyclopedia.pub)
A defined synthetic mixture of amino acids, salts, carbohydrates, vitamins and serum was shown to support cells in vitro[ 3 ], thus unifying a major variable in cell culturing experiments and providing a possibility for rapid development of this novel method. (intechopen.com)
Wild-type ES cells and ES cells deficient for the tumor suppressor p53 were exposed to pulse modulated EMF at 1.71 GHz, lower end of the uplink band of GSM 1800, under standardized and controlled conditions, and transcripts of regulatory genes were analyzed during in vitro differentiation. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)

The term somatic generally refers to the cells of the body, in contrast to the reproductive (germline) cells, which give rise to the egg or sperm. (wikipedia.org)
In most animals, separation of germ cells from somatic cells (germline development) occurs during early stages of development. (wikipedia.org)
Once this segregation has occurred in the embryo, any mutation outside of the germline cells can not be passed down to an organism's offspring. (wikipedia.org)
2017) examined the mutation rate of dermal fibroblasts (a type of somatic cell) and germline cells in humans and in mice. (wikipedia.org)
These genetic changes can occur by multiple mechanisms that can be inherited (found in the germline) or acquired (somatic). (medscape.com)
Pediatric cancer treatments such as chemotherapy have recognized toxicity on germline stem cells, which could lead to infertility at adulthood ( 1 , 2 ). (elifesciences.org)

Plants and basal animals such as sponges and corals instead generate gametes from pluripotent stem cells in adult somatic tissues. (wikipedia.org)
There is variation in mutation frequency between different somatic tissues within the same organism and between species. (wikipedia.org)
This rare condition is characterized by the abnormal production and accumulation of immune system cells called histiocytes in many of the body's tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
Adult stem cells are classified as pluripotent and are undifferentiated cells that remain quiescent in tissues until stimulated, when they can create cell types that are compatible with the tissue in which they reside. (bvsalud.org)
Additionally, they can form specialized cell types from other tissues if they are transplanted 6 . (bvsalud.org)
Stromal cells are a mixed population that can create bone, cartilage and fat and also fibrous and connective tissues. (bvsalud.org)
The organotypic culture procedure, which preserves testicular tissue architecture, microenvironment and cell interactions, has been used successfully to obtain spermatozoa from fresh or frozen/thawed mouse prepubertal testicular tissues ( 3 - 6 ). (elifesciences.org)
Due to the low abundance of MSCs in human adult tissues (about 1/10 6 cells in adult bone marrow and 1/10 3-4 cells in adipose tissue and umbilical cord) [ 16 ] , frequently ex-vivo expansion precedes therapeutic administration, to obtain a clinically relevant number of cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
Currently, clinical trials are underway of drugs that selectively eliminate old cells in organs and tissues, thereby preventing degenerative changes in organs and cancer. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
In our body, there are renewing tissues in which there is a pool of constantly dividing cells that replace spent or dying cells. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Stem cells that exist in almost all organs and tissues are able to divide indefinitely. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Stem cells are present in the myocardium, in the brain (in the hypocampus and in the olfactory bulbs) and in other tissues. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
Two proteins involved intimately in regulating cell proliferation are Akt and the tumor suppressor p53 (p53). (bioinf.org)
We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
Using immunofluorescence we showed cytoplasmic localization of the Oct 3/4 and Sox-2, pluripotency markers, proteins responsible for maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. (longdom.org)

In an ongoing project, we are investigating how this mast cell ontogeny modifies the effect of a somatic kit mutation and may explain the heterogeneous phenotype of mastocytosis. (digs-bb.de)

When mutated, oncogenes have the potential to cause normal cells to become cancerous. (medlineplus.gov)
These PanIN lesions are in turn associated with somatic alterations in canonical oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. (proteinlounge.com)
The cancer causing genes or oncogenes get activated and simultaneously the Tumor Suppressor Genes (TSGs) are deactivated which further causes disturbances in the cell cycle. (healthhearty.com)

Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)
Colorectal cancer results from the accumulation of genetic alterations. (proteinlounge.com)
Cancer is thought to be a multistep evolutionary process arising from a single cell, acquiring genomic alterations, which provide a fitness advantage ( 1, 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)

According to a simplified model of this theory a newly-conceived human embryo consists of pluripotent stem cells (Type A), ones that can potentially divide into any body cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
This mutation leads to production of a BRAF protein that is abnormally active, which disrupts regulation of cell proliferation and may allow histiocytes to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to the abnormal accumulation of histiocytes that occurs in Erdheim-Chester disease. (medlineplus.gov)
This mutation leads to production of a BRAF protein that is abnormally active, which disrupts regulation of cell proliferation. (medlineplus.gov)
This is due to irregularities in the regulation of cell division and an increased frequency of mutagenesis in actively dividing cells. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

At a fundamental level, cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic changes that result in unregulated cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
Often primary human GBM cells are unavailable, or instead xenografted in the murine brain to allow genetic manipulation in vivo (9). (researchsquare.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
The process of accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes over time in individual cells and the effect of the changes on CELL PROLIFERATION. (bvsalud.org)

Mitochondria are essential organelles that not only serve as energy factories, but also have functions extending to cell signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on these findings, the researchers proposed the bold idea of directly transplanting entire mitochondria, rather than drugs or whole cells, into lesions to explore the rescue effects of exogenous mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)

Like many cancers, GBM preferentially uses the less-efficient glycolytic pathway to produce energy in the form of ATP and NADH rather than the oxidative phosphorylation pathway favoured by most somatic cells. (researchsquare.com)
Many Type D cells senesce and become Type E cells which make the corresponding organs shrivel and be susceptible to cancers and other disease processes. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Aging skin contains somatic mutant clones from which such cancers develop. (cdc.gov)

On the other hand, the infiltration of organs by a monoclonal population of aberrant cells, the possibility of lethal evolution, and the cancer-based modalities of successful treatment are all consistent with a neoplastic process. (medscape.com)
Transformed cells could send inappropriate signals to stromal cells that could lead to aberrant reactions that facilitate tumorigenesis. (cancerhugs.com)

The p53 protein is a transcription factor that normally inhibits cell growth and stimulates cell death in response to myriad stressors, including DNA damage (induced by either UV or chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide), oxidative stress, and deregulated oncogene expression [6-10]. (bioinf.org)

that is, any mutation that occurs in a cell other than a gamete, germ cell, or gametocyte. (wikipedia.org)
The BRAF gene mutation that causes this condition is somatic, meaning that it occurs during a person's lifetime and is present only in certain cells. (medlineplus.gov)
It also occurs at regions of specialized cell-cell contact and/or cell recognition, like the epidermal part of the muscle attachment sites and the differentiating CNS. (biologists.com)
Tissue regeneration occurs due to the proliferation of stem cells, which can not only divide, but also differentiate into cells of the tissue whose regeneration is taking place. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
During cell division, tissue rejuvenation occurs: new cells take the place of damaged ones, while repair (elimination of DNA damage) occurs more intensively and regeneration is possible in case of tissue damage. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Leukemia is a cancer of blood cells that occurs due to abnormal increase of white blood cells. (healthhearty.com)

It defends against a constant barrage of external threats - bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens - and, as I've recently learned, protects against an intrinsic threat: cancerous cells. (massgenomics.org)
The entire process leads to abnormal proliferation of cancerous cells and death of normal cells in body. (healthhearty.com)

We also have a long-standing interest in mast cells and the rare human disease mastocytosis, which is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of these cells in various organs. (digs-bb.de)

From a physiological standpoint, MDSC can be thought of as effectors of a homeostatic mechanism that regulate T cell-mediated inflammatory responses to pathogens [ 5 ]. (iospress.com)
To date, RUNX2 has been involved in diverse physiological processes, including osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, chondrocyte hypertrophy, immunomodulation, vascular invasion and endothelial cell migration via modulating a variety of signaling cascades (e.g. (spandidos-publications.com)
Since the discovery of autophagy-related ( Atg ) genes in the 1990s, there has been a proliferation of studies on the physiological and pathological roles of autophagy in a variety of autophagy knockout models. (nature.com)

The disease most commonly affects the bones, causing bone thickening and pain, but the accumulation of histiocytes can also cause signs and symptoms affecting the brain, eyes, lungs, liver, kidneys, and other organs. (medlineplus.gov)
Systemic mastocytosis is a neoplastic disease of mast cells characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation in the skin and other organs. (bioscientifica.com)

Within the last decade, research has turned to examining the therapeutic potential of drugs interrupting the metabolism of GBM cells, leading to slower proliferation rates and/or reduced metastasis (3). (researchsquare.com)
This diversity in modelling the GBM disease presents a challenge, as research into potential GBM therapies which target metabolism may be confounded by which cell lines or models are used. (researchsquare.com)
This provided a reliable comparison of primary GBM cell metabolism with cell lines used for research, as well as with normal neural cells, to provide a clearer understanding of which GBM cell lines most closely represent primary GBM metabolism. (researchsquare.com)
CF treatment on leukemia cell lines induces cell death due to apoptotic mechanisms and altering 123653-11-2 manufacture cell metabolism through HIF-1 and GLUT-1 regulation [3]. (bioinf.org)

The BRAF gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps transmit chemical signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)

Arguments supporting the reactive nature of LCH include the occurrence of spontaneous remissions, the extensive elaboration of multiple cytokines by dendritic cells and T-cells (the so-called cytokine storm) in LCH lesions, and the good survival rate in patients without organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)
In Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice and mice with tumors grown from Hepa1-6 cells, injection of the combination of anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT significantly reduced tumor growth, increased the ratio of cytotoxic to regulatory T cells in tumors, and prolonged survival.PVRL1, which is up-regulated by HCC cells, stabilizes cell surface PVR, which interacts with TIGIT, an inhibitory molecule on CD8+ effector memory T cells. (stanford.edu)

to find regulatory genes of the achaete-scute complex (AS-C). The AS-C comprises four proneural genes that confer to cells the ability to become neuroblasts or sensory organ mother cells ( Campuzano and Modolell, 1992 , review). (biologists.com)
A 2010 study comparing gene expression of cells expressing CD207 (a marker of Langerhans cells) in LCH lesions with epidermal CD207+ control cells identified differential expression of more than 2000 genes between these 2 subsets. (medscape.com)

In mammals, functional analysis of the individual RAD51 paralogues in cell lines has shown similar but non-redundant contributions in DNA repair processes such as HR efficiency, RAD51 nuclear focus formation, sensitization to mitomycin C (MMC) and protection of perturbed replications forks [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
The defects suggest faulty specification of different cell types and result in impairment of processes as diverse as cell proliferation and commitment, cell adhesion and cell recognition. (biologists.com)
This simplified approach towards understanding the essence of the mechanisms, underlying the processes determining life and death of a cell has undoubtedly provided scientists with enormous amount of knowledge. (intechopen.com)

Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
For those who are ineligible for cisplatin-based regimens or experience progression of disease, in 2016-2017 the United States Food and Drug Administration approved five monoclonal antibodies that achieve immune checkpoint blockade by targeting the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway. (iospress.com)
For instance, RUNX2 is involved in the progression of various tumor types, such as osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, gastric cancer and breast cancer ( 15 - 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Of note, other studies have also indicated the involvement of RUNX2 in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and breast cancer progression ( 22 , 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Introduction Current Ideas on Carcinogenesis One of the current prevailing theories of carcinogenesis is the somatic mutation theory (SMT) of carcinogenesis and metastasis which postulates that malignancy is a disease based on the transformation of individual cells. (cancerhugs.com)

Stem cells can be found in bone marrow and blood. (bvsalud.org)
It is thus conceivable that her rapid increase in bone mineral density may be partly contributed by a predominance of pro-osteoblastic mediators released by abnormal mast cells, suggestive of more advanced disease. (bioscientifica.com)
Mast cell activation leads to the secretion of numerous chemical mediators which either promote or inhibit osteoclastic and/or osteoblastic activity, with the balance usually in favour of increased bone resorption. (bioscientifica.com)
However, in advanced diseases with high mast cell burden, mast-cell-derived cytokines and mediators may promote osteoblastic activity, leading to osteosclerosis and apparent increases in bone mineral density. (bioscientifica.com)

In mice, MDSC can be identified by species-specific cell surface markers (CD11b + Gr-1 + ) and may be further classified as monocytic (M-MDSC, Ly-6C hi ) or granulocytic (G-MDSC, Ly-6G + ) based on additional cell surface markers [ 6 ]. (iospress.com)
Notably, LCH cells have been found to express markers of both resting epidermal Langerhans cells (CD1a, intracellular major histocompatibility complex II [MHCII], Birbeck granules) and activated Langerhans cells (including CD54 and CD58). (medscape.com)
Despite a conserved density of Leydig cells after 30 days of culture (D30), transcript levels of adult Leydig cell and steroidogenic markers were decreased. (elifesciences.org)
PCR method revealed the presence of stem cell markers such as c-Kit, GDF-9 and proliferation marker Ki-67 at the level of the transcript in the putative stem cells (PSCs). (longdom.org)
Moreover, by the Western blot analysis we also confirmed the presence of markers including c-Kit, GDF-9, Oct-3/4, Sox-2 and Ki-67 in these PSC cells. (longdom.org)
tumors were analyzed by mass cytometry using markers to detect T cells and other lymphocytes. (stanford.edu)

Cell renewal can occur quite intensively: for example, connective tissue cells in the pancreas are replaced every 24 hours, gastric mucosa cells - every three days, leukocytes - every 10 days, skin cells - every six weeks, approximately 70 g of proliferating small intestine cells are removed from the body daily [1]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

In flowering plants, for example, germ cells can arise from adult somatic cells in the floral meristem. (wikipedia.org)
These cells are classified as totipotent and they can form any of the tissue types found in the adult body, in addition to having unlimited proliferation potential 6 . (bvsalud.org)
By definition, adult stem cells are capable of differentiation into at least two lineages and have the property of self-renewal. (bvsalud.org)
In conclusion, this study reports the failure of adult Leydig cell development and altered steroid production and signaling in tissue cultures. (elifesciences.org)
Similar to tissue-resident macrophages, mast cells are of dual ontogeny and are generated during both fetal and adult ("definitive") hematopoiesis. (digs-bb.de)
Life depends on constant replenishment of human body cells with new cells created by differentiation of adult stem cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
IF we could find a way to rejuvenate adult stem cells in their niches, then the stem cell supply chain could possibly be transformed from being a once-through-in-life process to a continuing closed-loop process. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

Therefore an optimistic reviews loop from the provided details stream between parenchymal and stromal cells results. (cancerhugs.com)
This constant conversation between your stromal cells as well as the tumor cells causes a perpetually turned on state of tumor cells analogous to resonance catastrophe. (cancerhugs.com)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a reservoir for tissue homeostasis and repair that age during organismal aging. (encyclopedia.pub)
These cells possess both differentiation plasticity (stemness) and tissue supportive functions (stromalness) that can coexist and overlap, with differences depending on tissue source, donor characteristics, culture conditions and delivery strategies, leading to alternative best fittings for the term "stem" or "stromal" [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

As a result, the pathologic cells of LCH have been hypothesized to represent Langerhans cells in a state of arrested maturation. (medscape.com)
No significant differences were found for the initiation or number of established lines or for the maturation of somatic embryos. (unavarra.es)

The repair process is finalised by polymerase δ and its cofactors proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC), which fill in the single-stranded gap. (bmj.com)
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) produce and release a broad spectrum of EVs involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (bmrat.org)

There are still other, non-apoptotic paths to cell death (necrosis, autophagy, mitotic catastrophe) that are gaining attention as barriers to transformation. (massgenomics.org)

This condition is characterized by a large, noncancerous patch of abnormally dark skin that is present from birth and an increased risk of a type of skin cell cancer called melanoma (described below). (medlineplus.gov)
The key to these cells' utility is their ability to differentiate into many different cell types depending on the stimulus received and they have been used in treatments for diseases such as cancer and neural degeneration, in rehabilitation of tetraplegic and paraplegic patients and even in dentistry 1 . (bvsalud.org)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
An immune cell in the tumor microenvironment that may be important for inhibiting the immune response against bladder cancer is the myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC). (iospress.com)
Tissue Organization Field Theory (TOFT) is an alternative to what is sort of the dominant paradigm in cancer biology, the Somatic Mutation Theory (SMT) . (freethoughtblogs.com)
The recurrence and drug resistance of breast cancer are intractable due to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are adequate to initiate tumor formation and refractory to conventional remedies. (spandidos-publications.com)
Feodoroff M, Mikkonen P, Turunen L, Hassinen A, Paasonen L, Paavolainen L, Potdar S, Murumägi A, Kallioniemi O, Pietiäinen V. Comparison of two supporting matrices for patient-derived cancer cells in 3D drug sensitivity and resistance testing assay (3D-DSRT). (helsinki.fi)
Feodoroff M, Mikkonen P, Arjama M, Murumägi A, Kallioniemi O, Potdar S, Turunen L, Pietiäinen V. Protocol for 3D Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Testing of Patient-Derived Cancer Cells in 384-Well Plates. (helsinki.fi)
Nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery to cancer stem cells. (docksci.com)
Recent developments in cancer biology have identified the existence of a sub-poplulation of cells - cancer stem cells (CSC) that are resistant to most traditional therapies (e.g. chemotherapy and radiotherapy) and have the ability to repair their damaged DNA. (docksci.com)
One of the possible reasons for the failure of the present therapeutic regimens is the existence of a relatively rare cell population known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to or not targeted by present therapeutic modalities. (docksci.com)
The majority of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) present with advanced disease, with targeted therapies providing some improvement in clinical outcomes. (bmj.com)
Lung cancer is the most prevalent life-threatening cancer worldwide 1 with more than 80% being non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (bmj.com)
2 The pathogenesis of lung cancer involves the accumulation of several molecular abnormalities over time. (bmj.com)
Since leukemia is a type of cancer, it's a result of somatic mutation taking place in DNA. (healthhearty.com)
Our findings indicate that tumor associated macrophages including Kupffer cells, have a profound impact on liver cancer and I am studying the molecular basis for these effects. (stanford.edu)
some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of antibodies against PD1, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), or CD8 before the cancer cells were injected. (stanford.edu)
Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is an unusual and relatively rare type of differentiated thyroid cancer. (medscape.com)
The incidence of keratinocyte cancer (basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin) is 17-fold lower in Singapore than the UK, despite Singapore receiving 2-3 times more ultraviolet (UV) radiation. (cdc.gov)

4 ] in 1951 cell culturing has become one of the most widely used methods with exceptional contribution to the advances in almost all fields of contemporary biology - cell biology, genetics, cell biochemistry, physiology etc. (intechopen.com)

although it is derived from cells of the renal tubular epithelium, it has several histological subtypes which differ in their clinical outcome and biological features. (hindawi.com)
Germ cell movement within the epithelium is vital because germ cells, if induced to release into the tubule lumen prematurely, will be unable to fertilize the ovum. (proteinlounge.com)
On the other hand, if germ cells are forced to remain attached to the seminiferous epithelium for a period of time longer than necessary to complete their development, they will degenerate and eventually be phagocytosed by Sertoli cells and for this, proper regulation of germ cell migration in the seminiferous epithelium and at blood-testes barrier (abbreviated as BTB) is essential (Ref.1). (proteinlounge.com)
Controversy exists about the origin of Hürthle cells, which generally are thought to derive from the follicular epithelium. (medscape.com)

The invasion of neoplastic cells into healthy brain tissue is a pathologic hallmark of Gliomas and contributes to the failure of current therapeutic modalities (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy). (proteinlounge.com)

A stem cell is an undifferentiated unit with powerful self-renewal properties that is capable of organizing other cell types in the body. (bvsalud.org)
Stem cells can divide into two cells identical to the original stem cell or into differentiated cell types, depending on their origin and differentiation potency. (bvsalud.org)
The core stem cell gene NANOG was determined to be important for ERMS self-renewal, possibly acting downstream of hedgehog signaling. (bvsalud.org)
During aging of the organism, MSCs also age, and this implies an impairment of stem cell functions contributing to the progressive decrease in tissue maintenance and repair, a characteristic of the aging process. (encyclopedia.pub)
Actually, stem cell exhaustion is considered one of the promoters of aging. (encyclopedia.pub)
At maturity there are relatively very few Type A cells and a mix of Type B, C and D cells, Type B and C cells typically live in protected stem cell niches where they reproduce and, as-needed differentiate to become the normal working body Type D cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Stem cell gene expression evolves with age. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
That is the essence of the Stem Cell Supply Chain Breakdown theory of aging. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

During this phase, white blood cells start proliferating rapidly and gradually accumulation of abnormally large number of mature white blood cells takes place. (healthhearty.com)

Immunosurveillance , in which transformed cells are identified and destroyed before they can establish malignancy. (massgenomics.org)
Overall, only about 33% of Hürthle cell tumors demonstrate signs of that invasive growth that indicates malignancy and the possibility of metastasizing. (medscape.com)

Using our fate mapping and proliferation reporter mouse models, we recently investigated how native hematopoiesis responds to systemic inflammation or blood loss (Munz et al. (digs-bb.de)
Loss of mature blood cells as well as systemic inflammation does not stimulate additional HSC contribution. (digs-bb.de)
Important recent specific progress was brought to my attention by Dr. Victoria Lunyak , a lab director at the Buck Institute who presented on her recent work at the Cell signaling, inflammation and aging symposium in Las Vegas last week, where I was also a presenter. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
In recent years, molecular mechanisms of cell aging, their connection with oncological diseases and inflammation have been discovered. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are immune cells that dampen immune responses. (iospress.com)
The idea that the immune system might recognize and destroy tumor cells was conceived 50-100 years ago. (massgenomics.org)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but these tumors do not always respond to inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, also called PD1). (stanford.edu)

The pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is unknown. (medscape.com)

knockdown of Pvrl1 reduced cell-surface levels of PVR but not levels of Pvr messenger RNA. (stanford.edu)

Half a century ago, Christian de Duve coined the term "autophagy" (literally, "self-eating" in Greek) to describe a process where the cell digests its cytoplasmic materials within lysosomes 1 . (nature.com)
According to the best current understanding of stem cells this is an open-loop process. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
The state of the body in terms of makeup of cell types continues to change through life and the process goes inexplicably from start (conception) leading to end (death). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Transformed glial cells share the common attributes of the invasion process, including cell adhesion to ECM (Extracellular Matrix) components, cell locomotion, and the ability to remodel extracellular space. (proteinlounge.com)
Cells already have an array of intrinsic defense mechanisms that halt the transformation process. (massgenomics.org)
Using immunocytochemistry we showed transmembrane and cytoplasmic localization of the c-Kit receptor and GDF-9 - protein associated with the initiation of cell differentiation in the process of folliculogenesis. (longdom.org)
Interest in ALMS1 is heightened by the recent discovery of its involvement in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, a process with potential relevance to regenerative medicine. (springer.com)
Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)

Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
We investigated mechanisms of resistance of liver tumors in mice to infiltrating T cells.Mice were given hydrodynamic tail vein injections of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) and transposon vectors to disrupt Trp53 and overexpress C-Myc (Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice). (stanford.edu)

Tumors from mice given anti-PD1 had larger numbers of memory CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-KLRG1int) and T cells that expressed PD1, lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and TIGIT compared with mice not given the antibody. (stanford.edu)
On balance, Hürthle cell tumors may be considered to be more likely to metastasize than follicular tumors. (medscape.com)

Anatomy52

Organisms17

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs78

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Apoptosis19

Mutations29

Cellular19

Mitochondrial5

Progenitor8

Signaling pathway4

Malignant8

Embryonic9

Pathways7

Hematopoietic7

Proliferate2

Vitro9

Germline6

Tissues12

Proteins4

Phenotype1

Oncogenes3

Alterations3

Pluripotent stem1

Regulation of cell4

Genetic4

Mitochondria2

Cancers3

Aberrant2

Inhibits cell1

Occurs6

Cancerous cells2

Abnormal accumulation1

Physiological3

Organs2

Metabolism4

BRAF1

Survival2

Genes2

Processes3

Progression4

Metastasis1

Bone4

Markers6

Occur1

Adult7

Stromal4

Maturation2

Antigen2

Mitotic1

Cancer20

Biology1

Epithelium4

Neoplastic cells1

Stem cell8

Abnormally1

Malignancy2

Inflammation4

Immune3

Pathogenesis1

Knockdown1

Process8

Mechanisms2

Tumors2