• One of these includes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNA replicase), which copies the viral RNA to form a double-stranded replicative form. (wikipedia.org)
  • Negative-sense ssRNA viruses (Group V) must have their genome copied by an RNA replicase to form positive-sense RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • As of May 2020, all known RNA viruses encoding an RNA-directed RNA polymerase are believed to form a monophyletic group, known as the realm Riboviria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Negative-sense viral RNA is complementary to mRNA and thus must be converted to positive-sense RNA by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase before translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • We found that a single amino acid substitution, F548S, in the Ebola virus polymerase conferred low-level reduced susceptibility to remdesivir. (cdc.gov)
  • Homology modeling suggests that the Ebola virus polymerase F548 residue lies in the F-motif of the polymerase active site, a region that was previously identified as susceptible to resistance mutations in coronaviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Viral RNA as well as viral proteins interact with different components of the host cell, acting as key determinants of viral pathogenesis. (bionity.com)
  • In recent years, progress has been made in determining atomic and subnanometer resolution structures of a number of key viral proteins and virion capsids of several dsRNA viruses, highlighting the significant parallels in the structure and replicative processes of many of these viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are three distinct groups of RNA viruses depending on their genome and mode of replication: Double-stranded RNA viruses (Group III) contain from one to a dozen different RNA molecules, each coding for one or more viral proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Positive-sense ssRNA viruses (Group IV) have their genome directly utilized as mRNA, with host ribosomes translating it into a single protein that is modified by host and viral proteins to form the various proteins needed for replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Soon after infection, the single stranded positive RNA that constitutes the viral genome is efficiently translated using a cap-independent mechanism driven by the internal ribosome entry site element (IRES). (bionity.com)
  • Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an icosahedral core containing a positive-sense RNA genome. (bionity.com)
  • The arteriviruses are highly species specific, but share many biological and molecular properties, including virion morphology, a unique set of structural proteins, genome organization and replication strategy, and the ability to establish prolonged or true persistent infection in their natural hosts. (bionity.com)
  • Retroviruses also have a high mutation rate even though their DNA intermediate integrates into the host genome (and is thus subject to host DNA proofreading once integrated), because errors during reverse transcription are embedded into both strands of DNA before integration. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the region of the hepatitis C virus genome that encodes the core protein is highly conserved, because it contains an RNA structure involved in an internal ribosome entry site. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contrarily, dsDNA viruses contain the most redundant genome sequences while ssDNA viruses have the least. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition research into animal viruses has made an important contribution to our understanding of viruses in general, their replication, molecular biology , evolution and interaction with the host. (bionity.com)
  • Some genes of RNA virus are important to the viral replication cycles and mutations are not tolerated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Purified RNA of a positive-sense virus can directly cause infection though it may be less infectious than the whole virus particle. (wikipedia.org)
  • for BVDV frequently nonhomologous RNA recombination events lead to the appearance of genetically distinct viruses that are lethal to the host. (bionity.com)
  • However, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the infection caused by each virus is distinct, as are the diseases they cause. (bionity.com)
  • Remdesivir targets a structurally analogous region of the Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2 polymerases. (cdc.gov)
  • Remdesivir is a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleotide prodrug that has been clinically evaluated in Ebola virus patients and recently received emergency use authorization (EUA) for treatment of COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
  • The F548 residue is highly conserved in filoviruses but should be subject to specific surveillance among novel filoviruses, in newly emerging variants in ongoing outbreaks, and also in Ebola virus patients undergoing remdesivir therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • Cell macromolecular synthesis may be controlled after CoV infection by locating some virus proteins in the host cell nucleus. (bionity.com)
  • The study of animal viruses is important from a veterinary viewpoint and many of these viruses cause diseases that are economically devastating. (bionity.com)
  • Bluetongue virus is an economically important pathogen that infects cattle and sheep. (wikipedia.org)
  • RNA viruses can be further classified according to the sense or polarity of their RNA into negative-sense and positive-sense, or ambisense RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Positive-sense viral RNA is similar to mRNA and thus can be immediately translated by the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • each virion can be transcribed to several positive-sense RNAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ambisense RNA viruses resemble negative-sense RNA viruses, except they translate genes from their negative and positive strands. (wikipedia.org)
  • The family includes Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDV) of mice and Simian Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (SHFV). (bionity.com)
  • avian influenza viruses can directly infect humans. (bionity.com)
  • Members of this group include the rotaviruses, which are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in young children, and picobirnaviruses, which are the most common virus in fecal samples of both humans and animals with or without signs of diarrhea. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many animal viruses are also important from a human medical perspective. (bionity.com)
  • FMDV is a highly variable and transmissible virus. (bionity.com)
  • Patients with influenza virus tended to have significantly different rates of admission to the ICU (p=0.045), and mechanical ventilation (p=0.001), in comparison to those with non-influenza infections. (datexis.com)
  • twelve were positive for RSV, four for influenza virus, two for adenovirus, one for hMPV, one for PIV and four for mixed viral infections, respectively. (datexis.com)
  • The highest rates of viral infections were reported for RSV (45.2%), PIV (11.6%), and adenovirus (9.8%), with a relatively low rate (7.2%) for influenza viruses. (datexis.com)
  • Bluetongue virus is an economically important pathogen that infects cattle and sheep. (wikipedia.org)
  • The finding that two-thirds of SARI cases had no pathogen detected suggests that poor or late specimen collection may have contributed to a lower yield of detected viruses. (datexis.com)
  • Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial Gram-negative pathogen that often displays multidrug resistance. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • This work highlights the utility of machine learning in antibiotic discovery and describes a promising lead with targeted activity against a challenging Gram-negative pathogen. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest surveillance Egyptian study that addressed the epidemiological patterns of SARI due to viruses and atypical bacteria in both children and adult population and their relation to the clinical characteristics and outcomes of those patients. (datexis.com)
  • Encephalitis is associated with a wide spectrum of in- proaches for detecting novel pathogens or determining new fectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and para- manifestations of known pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • It is a ß-lactam structurally related to the penicillins and possesses the ability to inactivate a wide variety of ß-lactamases by blocking the active sites of these enzymes. (microrao.com)
  • On average, dsRNA viruses show a lower sequence redundancy relative to ssRNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Members of this group include the rotaviruses, which are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in young children, and picobirnaviruses, which are the most common virus in fecal samples of both humans and animals with or without signs of diarrhea. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the region of the hepatitis C virus genome that encodes the core protein is highly conserved, because it contains an RNA structure involved in an internal ribosome entry site. (wikipedia.org)