• The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). (wikipedia.org)
  • Branches of the facial nerve leaving the facial motor nucleus (FMN) for the muscles do so via both left and right posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) routes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In other words, this means lower motor neurons of the facial nerve can leave either from the left anterior, left posterior, right anterior or right posterior facial motor nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cranial nerve nuclei are a series of bilateral grey matter motor and sensory nuclei located in the midbrain , pons and medulla that are the collections of afferent and efferent cell bodies for many of the cranial nerves . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Some nuclei are small and contribute to a single cranial nerve, such as some of the motor nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The motor nucleus of the facial nerve is located in the reticular formation of the caudal pons. (medscape.com)
  • Upon leaving the motor nucleus, axons extend dorsally and medially, cranially and superficially, to bend around the abducens (sixth cranial nerve) nucleus. (medscape.com)
  • The sensory root (nervus intermedius) consists of (1) central projections of neurons located in the geniculate ganglion (general somatic fibers that synapse in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and special afferent fibers that synapse in the nucleus solitarius) and (2) axons of parasympathetic neurons from the superior salivatory (lacrimal) nucleus. (medscape.com)
  • A cranial nerve nucleus is a collection of neurons (gray matter) in the brain stem that is associated with one or more of the cranial nerves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lesions occurring at these nuclei can lead to effects resembling those seen by the severing of nerve(s) they are associated with. (wikipedia.org)
  • All the nuclei except that of the trochlear nerve (CN IV) supply nerves of the same side of the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • This area is a bit below the autonomic motor nuclei, and includes the nucleus ambiguus, facial nerve nucleus, as well as the motor part of the trigeminal nerve nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The solitary nucleus (also called nucleus of the solitary tract , nucleus solitarius, or nucleus tractus solitarii (SN or NTS) ) [1] [2] is a series of sensory nuclei (clusters of nerve cell bodies) forming a vertical column of grey matter in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
  • Shortly thereafter, the nerve approaches the epibranchial placode, inducing the appearance of the large, dark nuclei of neuroblasts that represent the future geniculate ganglion. (medscape.com)
  • The chorda tympani nerve enters the mandibular arch and terminates just proximal to the submandibular ganglion, near a branch of the trigeminal nerve that will become the lingual nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, the general somatic afferent column (GSA) of the trigeminal nerve and the pontine nuclei are formed from spinal nerve nuclei and the trigeminal nerve nuclei (1). (human-memory.net)
  • A somatic motor nerve originating in the abducens nucleus in the pons. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A nerve that conducts impulses toward the brain or spinal cord. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) It passes through the parotid gland en route to the ear, where it innervates skin of the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The hypoglossal nuclei , exist as paired nuclei within the medulla oblongata that provide motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (excluding palatoglossus) via the hypoglossal nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Fibers pass anteriorly between the inferior olivary nucleus and pyramid and exit the medulla as the hypoglossal nerve between the pyramid and olive. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The nuclei contain large motor neurons and myelinated fibers of the hypoglossal nerve, innervating the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles , excluding palatoglossus 1,2 which is innervated by the vagus nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The trigeminal nerve, with its large entering sensory root and its small emerging motor root, is attached to the side of the anterior aspect of the pons, nearer its superior than its inferior border (Fig. 481). (co.ma)
  • It is usual to restrict the term 'pons to that portion of the structure which lies between the two trigeminal nerves, and to apply the designation of brachium pontis to the part which extends beyond the nerve into the hemisphere of the cerebellum. (co.ma)
  • The abducens nerve, the facial nerve, and the acoustic nerve are attached to the brain at the inferior border of the pons. (co.ma)
  • A large bundle of fibres upon the front of the pons departs from the transverse course pursued by most of the pontine fibres, and starting at the medial side of the trigeminal nerve, passes almost vertically downwards between the facial and acoustic nerves (Fig. 526, p. 593) and reaches the lateral aspect of the medulla oblongata, where it passes into the corpus ponto-bulbare (Fig. 481). (co.ma)
  • Collaterals and fibres of the opposite lateral cerebro-spinal tract end in connexion with the cells of origin of the accessory nerve, and thus bring its nucleus into connexion with the motor area of the cerebral cortex. (co.ma)
  • The dorsal nucleus (Figs. 488, p. 557, and 526, p. 593) of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves is mixed, and contains both motor cells which give origin to efferent fibres, and cells around which afferent fibres of the vagus, and possibly also of the glossopharyngeal nerve, break up into terminal arborisations. (co.ma)
  • It very nearly equals in length the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve, with which it is closely related. (co.ma)
  • All the fibres which arise from this dorsal or splanchnic efferent nucleus are very fine, and in sections of the vagus nerve can readily be distinguished from the much coarser somatic fibres, which come from the nucleus ambiguus, and also from the medium-sized sensory fibres, which spring from the ganglia placed upon the nerves. (co.ma)
  • This is analogous to the dorsal root ganglion, except that it is associated with a cranial nerve instead of a spinal nerve . (lumenlearning.com)
  • For example, the trigeminal ganglion is superficial to the temporal bone whereas its associated nerve is attached to the mid-pons region of the brain stem. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Cranial nerve V, also known as the trigeminal nerve, originates from the pons, which is a part of the brainstem. (proprofs.com)
  • The trigeminal nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face and controlling the muscles involved in chewing. (proprofs.com)
  • The nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla as a number of small rootlets, passes through the hypoglossal canal and down through the neck, and eventually passes up again over the tongue muscles it supplies into the tongue. (iiab.me)
  • It then travels close to the vagus nerve and spinal division of the accessory nerve , [2] spirals downwards behind the vagus nerve and passes between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein lying on the carotid sheath . (iiab.me)
  • The rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve arise from the hypoglossal nucleus near the bottom of the brain stem . (iiab.me)
  • [6] Signals from muscle spindles on the tongue travel through the hypoglossal nerve, moving onto the lingual nerve which synapses on the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus . (iiab.me)
  • The hypoglossal nerve leaves the skull through the hypoglossal canal , which is situated near the large opening for the spinal cord, the foramen magnum . (iiab.me)
  • These cranial nerves are the abducens nerve , facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve , respectively. (wikidoc.org)
  • At the level of the midpons, the large trigeminal nerve , CN V, emerges. (wikidoc.org)
  • Each facial colliculus , contrary to their names, do not contain the facial nerve nuclei. (wikidoc.org)
  • Instead, they have facial nerve axons traversing superficial to underlying abducens (CN VI) nuclei. (wikidoc.org)
  • A sudden, stabbing painassociated with this disease is known as tic douloureux Oct 24, 2015 - Explore Lory W's board "Trigeminal Neuralgia", followed by 212 people on Pinterest trigeminal neuralgia: Definition Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder of the trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve) that causes episodes of sharp, An Introduction to the Brain and Cranial Nerves. (spagades.com)
  • A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. (lookformedical.com)
  • Von Graefe and Möbius accepted only cases with congenital facial diplegia and bilateral abducens nerve palsies as constituting Möbius syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • The nucleus solitarius is a series of purely sensory nuclei forming a vertical column of grey matter embedded within the medulla oblongata . (wikipedia.org)
  • The brainstem also called the Truncus encephali is a brain part located in between the medulla and the spinal cord. (human-memory.net)
  • It is divided into four different parts namely the medulla oblongata, the midbrain, the spinal cord and the varoli's bridge (2). (human-memory.net)
  • The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla and serves as a passageway between the brain and spinal cord. (dipg.org)
  • The hypoglossal nuclei are located within the tegmentum of upper medulla close to the midline, lying deep to the hypoglossal trigone , or hypoglossal triangle, which is the medial eminence of the floor of the fourth ventricle , inferior to the stria medullaris 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Each nucleus is approximately 2 cm in length, extending beyond the limits of the hypoglossal trigone into the region of the closed medulla. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Both nerves possess efferent fibres also, which spring from two special nuclei of origin situated within the medulla oblongata and termed respectively the dorsal or splanchnic nucleus and the nucleus ambiguus, which is the somatic nucleus. (co.ma)
  • in the open part of the medulla oblongata it lies in the gray matter of the floor of the fourth ventricle, immediately to the lateral side of the hypoglossal nucleus and subjacent to the surface area termed the trigonum vagi or ala cinerea. (co.ma)
  • The cells of the nucleus ambiguus are large, multipolar, and similar in every respect to the large cells in the anterior column of the spinal medulla. (co.ma)
  • It therefore lies more deeply in the substance of the medulla oblongata than the dorsal vago-glossopharyngeal nucleus. (co.ma)
  • The Medulla is a part of the brainstem located between the Pons and the Spinal cord. (proprofs.com)
  • 4. The primordial nuclei and tract areas in the medulla oblongata where the fourth ventricle is continuous with the central canal. (ehd.org)
  • The olives are swellings in the medulla containing underlying inferior olivary nuclei (containing various nuclei and afferent fibers). (wikidoc.org)
  • Spinal Cord to Medulla Transitional Landmark: From a ventral view, there can be seen a decussation of fibers between the two pyramids . (wikidoc.org)
  • This decussation marks the transition from medulla to spinal cord. (wikidoc.org)
  • Superior to the decussation is the medulla and inferior to it is the spinal cord. (wikidoc.org)
  • The solitary nucleus projects to a large number of other regions of the brain including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus , the central nucleus of the amygdala , as well as other nuclei in the brainstem (such as the parabrachial area , locus coeruleus , dorsal raphe nucleus , and other visceral motor or respiratory networks). (wikipedia.org)
  • Just lateral to this are the autonomic (or visceral) efferent nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is a separation, called the sulcus limitans, and lateral to this are the sensory nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • More lateral, but also less posterior, are the general somatic afferent nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • Functionally, the nuclei can be divided dorsally and ventrally, and into medial and lateral components to achieve a musculotopic organization of the motor neurons within. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The sympathetic chain ganglia constitute a row of ganglia along the vertebral column that receive central input from the lateral horn of the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Because it innervates muscles derived from pharyngeal arches, the facial motor nucleus is considered part of the special visceral efferent (SVE) cell column, which also includes the trigeminal motor nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, and (arguably) the spinal accessory nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • the nucleus ambiguus from which it arises has thus been termed the laryngeal nucleus (Edinger) but it is not certain whether it is vagal or accessory. (co.ma)
  • Its cells, like those of all splanchnic efferent nuclei, are much smaller than the somatic cells of the nucleus ambiguus. (co.ma)
  • The nucleus ambiguus (Figs. 488, 530, 526) gives origin to the somatic motor fibres of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. (co.ma)
  • Its axons take an unusual course, traveling dorsally and looping around the abducens nucleus, then traveling ventrally to exit the ventral pons medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extensive interconnections exist between many of these nuclei, as well as with other brainstem nuclei and white matter tracts, such as the medial lemniscus and medial longitudinal fasciculus . (radiopaedia.org)
  • They lie ventral and medial to the dorsal vagal nucleus . (radiopaedia.org)
  • 1. The adenohypophysis caudal to the optic chiasma and medial to the internal carotid artery and trigeminal ganglion. (ehd.org)
  • Other nuclei, however, are long and span several regions of the brainstem contributing to several cranial nerves. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Axons carrying information to and from the cranial nerves form a synapse first at these nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, the dorsal pons contains nuclei of the cranial nerves which link it to a wide range of functions such as sensory and motor functions, controlling sleep, respiration, and level of arousal and vigilance (2). (human-memory.net)
  • The pontine tegmentum is made up of cranial nerves which serve the head and neck, associated nuclei, the reticular formation (neural network involved in functions including cardiovascular control, pain modulation, sleep and awakening), and tracts (both ascending and descending). (dipg.org)
  • The neuronal cell bodies of a nerve's axons are in the brain, the spinal cord, or ganglia, but the nerves run only in the peripheral nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Fibres also from the posterior roots of the spinal nerves (afferent or sensory fibres) end in the nucleus. (co.ma)
  • a series of bundles (composed chiefly of vagus fibres, i.e. afferent splanchnic), which end in the dorsal nucleus of termination of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, and another series of bundles (composed chiefly of glossopharyngeal fibres, i.e. taste fibres), which join a conspicuous longitudinal tract of fibres called the tractus solitarius. (co.ma)
  • Another group of autonomic ganglia are the terminal ganglia that receive input from cranial nerves or sacral spinal nerves and are responsible for regulating the parasympathetic aspect of homeostatic mechanisms. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Underlying each of these are motor nuclei for the respective cranial nerves. (wikidoc.org)
  • 1. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves, as well as the ganglia. (spagades.com)
  • Wilhelm His Sr. (18311904) combined, in an unprecedented way, (taste bud afferents of cranial nerves VII, IX, X to the solitary tract) and dorsolateral otic placode-derived afferents provide the sole sensory input to the special somatic column consisting of the vestibular/auditory nuclei. (spagades.com)
  • The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. (lookformedical.com)
  • Möbius himself believed that the condition was degenerative or toxic in origin and that it involved the nuclei of the affected nerves. (medscape.com)
  • This arrangement mirrors the arrangement of tracts in the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
  • The central nervous system is subdivided into the spinal cord and brain, which includes the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. (dipg.org)
  • Tracts that carry information from the peripheral nervous system up toward the brain are called ascending tracts, while those that carry signals from the brain to the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system are called descending tracts. (dipg.org)
  • The tracts cross shortly after entering the spinal cord and do not change sides as they ascend through the pons. (dipg.org)
  • Spinal Cord and Root Ganglion. (lumenlearning.com)
  • The slide includes both a cross-section of the lumbar spinal cord and a section of the dorsal root ganglion (see also Figure 1) (tissue source: canine). (lumenlearning.com)
  • The neurons of these autonomic ganglia are multipolar in shape, with dendrites radiating out around the cell body where synapses from the spinal cord neurons are made. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Sensory feedback in the form of proprioception from the spinal cord, as well as vestibular sensations from the inner ear, enters through the ICP. (foobrdigital.com)
  • The red nucleus sends new motor commands to the spinal cord through the rubrospinal tract . (foobrdigital.com)
  • The brain stem is the lower part of the brain , adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord . (wikidoc.org)
  • The pyramids contain the fibers of the corticospinal tract, or the upper motor neuronal axons as they head inferiorly to synapse on lower motor neuronal cell bodies within the ventral horn of the spinal cord. (wikidoc.org)
  • Near the sulcus limitans are the visceral afferent nuclei, namely the solitary tract nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The SCP is the major output of the cerebellum, divided between the red nucleus in the midbrain and the thalamus, which will return cerebellar processing to the motor cortex. (foobrdigital.com)
  • The midline regions of the cerebellum, the vermis and flocculonodular lobe , are involved in comparing visual information, equilibrium, and proprioceptive feedback to maintain balance and coordinate movements such as walking, or gait , through the descending output of the red nucleus (Figure 16.15). (foobrdigital.com)
  • The nucleus has a dorsal and ventral region, with neurons in the dorsal region innervating muscles of the upper face and neurons in the ventral region innervating muscles of the lower face. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like all lower motor neurons, cells of the facial motor nucleus receive cortical input from the primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upper motor neurons of the cortex send axons that descend through the internal capsule and synapse on neurons in the facial motor nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The neurons in the dorsal aspect of the facial motor nucleus receive inputs from both sides of the cortex, while those in the ventral aspect mainly receive contralateral inputs (i.e. from the opposite side of the cortex). (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, motor nuclei are closer to the front (ventral), and sensory nuclei and neurons are closer to the back (dorsal). (wikipedia.org)
  • [6] [7] Some neuronal subpopulations in the SN, such as the noradrenergic cell group A2 and the aldosterone -sensitive HSD2 neurons project as far ventral as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis . (wikipedia.org)
  • Collections of neurons that serve a particular function are called nuclei. (dipg.org)
  • The basilar pons contains a complex combination of tracts (bundles of axons) and nuclei (collections of cell bodies of neurons). (dipg.org)
  • The fine fibres from the dorsal nucleus are distributed (probably indirectly, i.e. after being interrupted in a peripheral ganglion), to the involuntary striped muscle of the oesophagus and heart, and the unstriped muscle of the oesophagus, stomach and respiratory system (van Gehuchten and Molhant, La Névraxe, June 15, 1912, p. 55). (co.ma)
  • Close to the midline are the motor efferent nuclei, such as the oculomotor nucleus, which control skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The special visceral afferent (SVA), solitary nucleus, cochlear and the vestibular nuclei are formed from the sensory neuroblasts which are developed by the alar plate. (human-memory.net)
  • Above, it reaches as high as the striæ medullares, whilst, below, its inferior end falls slightly short of that of the hypoglossal nucleus. (co.ma)
  • The hypoglossal nucleus receives corticonuclear fibers , from the precentral gyrus and adjoining areas from both the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral hemispheres, however primarily from the latter 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • 3. The trigeminal, geniculate and vestibular ganglia. (ehd.org)
  • This median depression is produced by the prominence which is caused on each side by the passage of the cerebro-spinal fasciculus downwards through the pons. (co.ma)
  • Another area, not on the dorsum of the brainstem, is where the special visceral efferents nuclei reside. (wikipedia.org)
  • This creates the general somatic efferent fibers (GSE), the special visceral efferent (SVE) which includes the superior salivatory nucleus, the fascial and motor trigeminal nuclei. (human-memory.net)
  • The nucleus is situated in the caudal portion of the ventrolateral pontine tegmentum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The basilar pons and the pontine tegmentum contain nuclei and tracts. (dipg.org)
  • 2. Somatic visceral (Edinger Wesphal accessory nucleus): Cranial end of main nucleus. (rahulgladwin.com)
  • Several motor and sensory nuclei form longitudinal columns in the brainstem, leading to some authors describing them as single discontinuous longitudinal nuclear columns rather than the more numerous individual separate nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)
  • As a result of the corticobulbar input to the facial motor nucleus, an upper motor neuron lesion to fibers innervating the facial motor nucleus results in central seven. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other arcuate fibres arise in the cuneate and gracile nuclei, and enter the restiform body of the same side. (co.ma)