• Composition of pellicles formed in vivo on tooth surfaces in different parts of the dentition, and in vitro on hydroxyapatite. (thejcdp.com)
  • Paris S, Meyer-Lueckel H. Infiltrants inhibit progression of natural caries lesions in vitro. (thejcdp.com)
  • Even with promising results with the use of TiF4 in the protection against dental demineralization in vitro and in situ, clinical studies have not yet been performed. (fapesp.br)
  • Detection of early interproximal caries in vitro using laser fluorescence, dye-enhanced laser fluorescence and direct visual examination. (thieme-connect.com)
  • An in vitro comparison between laser fluorescence and visual examination for detection of demineralization in occlusal pits and fissures. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Comparison of laser fluorescence and longitudinal microradiography for quantitative assessment of in vitro enamel caries. (thieme-connect.com)
  • In vitro studies of laser fluorescence for detection and quantification of mineral loss from dental caries. (thieme-connect.com)
  • The preventive potential for white spots of this material was little studied so far and has shown satisfactory results in vitro and in vivo [ 11 , 12 ]. (opendentistryjournal.com)
  • Caries lesions were assessed on bitewing radiographs at baseline, after 1 year and after 2 years. (nature.com)
  • Approximal non-cavitated caries lesions are difficult to detect directly by visual examination, due to the contact area. (nature.com)
  • Initial, non-cavitated lesions as well as caries restricted to the enamel (not involving the dentin) can be arrested or even remineralized by applying therapeutic agents 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
  • Demineralized lesions detected early can be treated with minimally invasive treatment procedures such as the usage of fluoridated dentifrice to encourage remineralization and resin infiltration to arrest caries progression. (thejcdp.com)
  • Enamel remineralization: controlling the caries disease or treating early caries lesions? (thejcdp.com)
  • The effectiveness of sealants in managing caries lesions. (thejcdp.com)
  • Recent advances in remineralization therapies for caries lesions. (thejcdp.com)
  • Remineralization therapies for initial caries lesions. (thejcdp.com)
  • Calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) is a bioactive glass material that alleviates dentin hypersensitivity and is postulated to confer remineralization of caries lesions. (karger.com)
  • In conclusion, CSPS does not negatively impact nor does it improve the ability of an SMFP dentifrice to affect remineralization of caries lesions. (karger.com)
  • The article studies the molecular composition of dental biofilm in healthy people and patients with multiple caries lesions during several stages of exogenous and endogenous preventive measures. (vsu.ru)
  • The current evidence-based caries understanding, based on biological concepts, involves new approaches in caries detection, assessment, and management that should include non-cavitated lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Even though the importance of management of non-cavitated (NC) lesions has been recognized since the early 1900s, dental caries have been traditionally detected at the cavitation stage, and their management has focused strongly on operative treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinical caries measures involving "pre-cavitation" lesions have in fact been reported in caries clinical trials since 1965 [ 4 ] and have been described and used in clinical research and practice for more than 50 years [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the last Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Dental Caries, the inability to accurately identify early caries lesions and the need for a change in the system with respect to the non-surgical management of non-cavitated lesions was highlighted [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of three methods of enamel remineralization on initial approximal caries: (1) a nano-hydroxyapatite gel, (2) gaseous ozone therapy, (3) combination of a nano-hydroxyapatite gel and ozone. (nature.com)
  • Remineralization of demineralized dentin is regarded as one of the hotspots in the current study in the treatment of dental caries. (bvsalud.org)
  • Overall, the dual functional peptide CYP fabricated in this study provides an ideal and smart strategy for dentin remineralization and the treatment of caries. (bvsalud.org)
  • García-Godoy F., Hicks M. J. Maintaining the integrity of the enamel surface: The role of dental biofilm, saliva and preventive agents in enamel demineralization and remineralization. (vsu.ru)
  • Hicks J., Garcia-Godoy F., Flaitz C. Biological factors in dental caries: role of saliva and dental plaque in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part 1). (vsu.ru)
  • Enax, J. Comparison of hydroxyapatite and fluoride oral care gels for remineralization of initial caries: A pH-cycling study. (justingredients.us)
  • Evans, V. Comparative efficacy of a hydroxyapatite and a fluoride toothpaste for prevention and remineralization of dental caries in children. (justingredients.us)
  • 12. Yazici AR, Baseren M, Gorucu J. Clinical Comparison of Bur- and Laser-prepared Minimally Invasive Occlusal Resin Composite Restorations: Two-year Follow-up. (journal-imab-bg.org)
  • In the following paper the possibilities and limitations of QLF with special view on occlusal caries detection are presented. (thieme-connect.com)
  • In conclusion, conjugating bioactive proteins/peptides is a novel translational approach to engineer robust antibiofilm pellicles for caries prevention. (bvsalud.org)
  • The higher concentrations of galloylated catechins in Assam tea may assist in prevention of dental caries, whereas in green tea, this mode of inhibition was likely offset by the presence of pectin. (stackexchange.com)
  • Therefore, prevention of oral diseases is based on removing dental plaque, which is done mainly by brushing your teeth and avoiding its accumulation for as long as possible. (oxfordvitality.co.uk)
  • Available at: http://www.ivoclarvivadent.us/en-us/products/prevention-care/fluoridation/fluor-protector. (ijeds.com)
  • 2020). importance of caregivers' oral health literacy in caries prevention among cleft lip and palate patients. (ukm.my)
  • Laser technology can be used in soft tissue surgery, caries prevention, caries diagnosis, cavity preparation, and endodontic treatment for children. (hindawi.com)
  • Questions about their prevention programmes in developed scores among users only if they had gin- dental/oral health, oral health practices, countries have resulted in a decline in givitis [11]. (who.int)
  • Other non-invasive techniques for detection of early caries have been developed and investigated such as Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF), DIAGNOdent (DD), Fibre-optic Transillumination (FOTI) and Electrical Conductance (EC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Esthetic views on facial and dental appearance in young adults with treated bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). (tandlakarforbundet.se)
  • The etiologic factor of periodontitis is the accumulation of microbial plaque at the dental surface and the gingival line [4]. (bvsalud.org)
  • Oral biofilm has been accepted to be the main reason of oral diseases, such as caries and periodontitis which are caused by dysbiosis and imbalance of the biofilm's composition [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, for early detection and monitoring of approximal caries, clinicians not only perform a visual examination, but also analyse bitewing radiographs for signs of demineralisation 7 . (nature.com)
  • Gomez J. Detection and diagnosis of the early caries lesion. (thejcdp.com)
  • She developed a 3D thermal imaging system for non-destructive testing of industrial materials, early detection of carious regions in dental samples, and early detection of tumors in mice. (und.edu)
  • Roointan S., Tavakolian P ., Sivagurunathan K., Mandelis A., Abrams S.H., "Detection and Monitoring of Controlled Dental Caries and Erosion Using Three-Dimensional enhanced Truncated Correlation Photothermal Coherence Tomography (eTC-PCT) Imaging, J. of Biomedical Optics, 26(4), 046004 (2021). (und.edu)
  • Pantea Tavakolian, Hai Zhang, Andreas Mandelis, Wei Shi, Fei-Fei Liu, "Truncated-correlation photothermal coherence tomography derivative imaging modality for small animal in vivo early tumor detection" Optics letters, 44(3), pp. 675-678 (2019). (und.edu)
  • Early detection of dental caries II: Proceedings of the 4th annual Indiana Conference. (thieme-connect.com)
  • 6 Bjelkhagen H, Sundström F, Angmar-Månsson B, Rydén H. Early detection of enamel caries by the luminescence exited by visible laser light. (thieme-connect.com)
  • She is well-versed in Caries Management by Risk Assessment method (CAMRA) and International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). (ucsf.edu)
  • The most common method of caries detection is visual-tactile. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several conferences have also been held during the past years focused on caries detection and management. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lesion detection implies an objective method of determining whether or not the disease is present, lesion assessment which aims to characterize it once it has been detected and caries diagnosis which implies a human professional summation of all available data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Effect of calcium phosphate addition to fluoride containing dental varnishes on enamel demineralization. (thejcdp.com)
  • Basically, caries originates within biofilms accumulated on dental enamel. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stemmed from our whole proteome/peptidome analysis of the in vivo acquired enamel pellicle, we designed these pellicles using hybrid mixtures of the most abundant and complementary-acting antimicrobial and antifouling proteins/peptides for synergetic suppression of early biofilms. (bvsalud.org)
  • A new method for in vivo quantification of changes in initial enamel caries with laser fluorescence. (thieme-connect.com)
  • During orthodontic treatment, bonding of accessories to teeth enamel is usually necessary, interfering in the proper hygiene, retaining biofilm, and increasing the risk of developing dental caries [ 1 ]. (opendentistryjournal.com)
  • 2021). dental management of generalised developmental defect of enamel in a child with global developmental delay. (ukm.my)
  • Fontana M. Enhancing fluoride: clinical human studies of alternatives or boosters for caries management. (thejcdp.com)
  • Among the several preventive methods, the varnish containing sodium fluoride is a strategy widely used in dentistry for the purpose of controlling caries. (fapesp.br)
  • Nowadays, attention has been directed to fluorides containing polyvalent metals, such as stannous fluoride (SnF2) and titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4), since they have been shown to be more effective against dental demineralization than NaF. (fapesp.br)
  • Recommendations for using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • The effect of exposure reduction on the diagnosis of caries: An ex vivo comparison of film and a CMOS digital imaging system, Authors: James R Geist, Ashok Balasundaram, Shin-Mey Rose Y Geist, Vijay Parashar, J Int Clin Dent Res Organ [serial online] Year: 2010, Volume: 2, Issue: 3, Pg 142-152. (wikipedia.org)
  • Baelum V, Heidmann J, Nyvad B. Dental caries paradigms in diagnosis and diagnostic research. (thejcdp.com)
  • With over 30 years of clinical, research, teaching, and leadership experience, Sepideh's expertise lies in preventive dentistry, dental materials, conservative dental treatments, and new caries diagnosis methods such as Diagnodent. (ucsf.edu)
  • Traditional methods combined with more sensitive methods may improve the caries diagnosis and also help the clinician in monitoring non-operative treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another approach is to apply antibacterial agents in order to reduce the level of bacterial species associated to caries and thus to protect the lesion from microorganisms. (nature.com)
  • Caries measurement methods should accurately capture any signs of the manifestations of the caries process at any given point in time, be able to monitor different levels of de/remineralisation and differentiate product effects in terms of lesion initiation and lesion behaviour (progression, arrest and/or regression). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 56% had dental caries (mean decayed, missing, filled teeth score 2.1) and 86% had at least 1 mucosal lesion. (who.int)
  • Dental caries is considered the most prevalent chronic disease. (nature.com)
  • Rate of pellicle formation in vivo. (thejcdp.com)
  • Thickness of acquired salivary pellicle as a determinant of the sites of dental erosion. (thejcdp.com)
  • 2. Kornblit R, Trapani D, Bossu M, Muller-Bolla M, Rocca JP, Polimeni A. The use of Erbium:YAG laser for caries removal in paediatric patients following minimally invasive Dentistry concepts. (journal-imab-bg.org)
  • Parashar received Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) from the University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Master of Dental Science from the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Certification in Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology from the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine and Bachelor of Dental Surgery from Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Before joining Amrita School of Dentistry, he was working as Professor & Head of Pedodontics at Ragas Dental College & Hospital, Chennai. (amrita.edu)
  • In April 2012, Dr. Varma was awarded membership to the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons (MRACDS) in the special field stream of Paediatric Dentistry. (amrita.edu)
  • 1 Dept. Of Conservative Dentistry and endodontics, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital , H.P. (djigims.com)
  • Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Mahdi Rahbar, Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is one of the most innovative tools, widely being used nowadays in every aspect of dentistry, which increases the efficiency and specificity of dental treatment. (jsaapd.com)
  • The objective of this study was to assess the total number of procedures performed with diode lasers and their wide range of applications in performing various dental procedures in the field of pediatric dentistry. (jsaapd.com)
  • Sepideh is an Assistant Professor at the School of Dentistry and is the Deputy Director of the Dental Public Health Residency Program. (ucsf.edu)
  • Sepideh also supervises first-year dental students in their Community Dentistry courses. (ucsf.edu)
  • Dental pain and fear may be decreased using lasers in dentistry. (hindawi.com)
  • The Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry is focused on providing dental care to children and adolescents, including children with special health care needs, in a child as well as parent friendly manner, keeping in mind the goal to build life-long trust between the dentist and the child, facilitating continuing oral health care well into their adulthood. (edu.in)
  • As the caries process progresses, the dentin also experiences mineral loss and bacterial invasion, which in return produces secondary dentin to protect the pulp. (djigims.com)
  • A clinical comparison of in-office management of dentin hypersensitivity in a short term treatment period. (ijeds.com)
  • In addition, Ari and Erdemir [ 19 ] reported that the adhesion of dental restorative materials to hard tissue was affected by changes in the mineral content of dentin. (hindawi.com)
  • Nevertheless, to date there is no published study that has performed the simultaneous measurements of the temperature changes within the composite resin and at the pulpal side of the dentin using human teeth under simulated in vivo conditions. (hindawi.com)
  • Pantea Tavakolian, Sohrab Roointan, Andreas Mandelis 'Non-Invasive In-Vivo 3-D Imaging of Small Animals Using Spatially Filtered Enhanced Truncated-Correlation Photothermal Coherence Tomography' Scientific Reports, 13743,10 (2020). (und.edu)
  • Objective A literature review of systematic reviews and in situ and in vivo randomized controlled trials was conducted in order to assess the role of casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate in providing caries-preventive effect superior to any intervention or placebo. (bvsalud.org)
  • After this, Pubmed database was searched for in situ and in vivo randomized controlled trials that were not included in the reviews identified. (bvsalud.org)
  • In vivo and in situ studies yielded mixed results. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results In situ studies indicated greater efficacy of casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate in comparison with placebo. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this study was elaboration, approbation in a clinical situation and monitoring of the optimized protocol for application of Er:YAG laser "Lite Touch" in dental caries treatment of permanent teeth in children. (journal-imab-bg.org)
  • Perception of Er-YAG laser dental caries treatment in adolescents - a clinical evaluation. (journal-imab-bg.org)
  • 13. Zhegova G. Er:YAG laser application in dental caries treatment in childhood - experimental, clinical and psychological aspects. (journal-imab-bg.org)
  • Mersel A. Mann J. The old-old dental patient: the challenge of clinical decision-making. (thejcdp.com)
  • Schlagenhauf, U. Impact of a toothpaste with microcrystalline hydroxyapatite on the occurrence of early childhood caries: A 1-year randomized clinical trial. (justingredients.us)
  • The key problem is that operative care has remained the central management strategy for caries control in general practice, which has negatively impacted on caries epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and patients' quality of life, among others. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 3 Deep caries is defined as radiographic evidence of caries reaching the inner third or inner quarter of dentine with a risk of pulp exposure. (djigims.com)
  • 3. Gayathri M. Light Microscopic Changes in Pulp due to Dental Caries at Different Stages. (rjptonline.org)
  • A comparison of human dental pulp response to calcium hydroxide and Biodentine as direct pulp-capping agents. (rjptonline.org)
  • Since 2019, Sepideh has conducted studies on oral health disparities, oral health literacy, Dental Public Health workforce, and electronic health records analysis for various health conditions through her dental public health and Postdoctoral training. (ucsf.edu)
  • Aim: This study aimed to determine the feasibility and first efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted antimicrobial photodynamictherapy (aPDT) as activated using LED light to the dental plaque. (mdpi.com)
  • Considering the orthodontic appliance promotes the accumulation of bacterial plaque and makes hygiene difficult, its presence may increase the risk of the patient developing caries. (fapesp.br)
  • Most mouth diseases have relation to dental plaque, a layer composed of proteins, cells and bacteria that adheres to the surface of the teeth. (oxfordvitality.co.uk)
  • Dental plaque bacteria produce acids that damage teeth and cause tooth decay. (oxfordvitality.co.uk)
  • Les taux de plaque dentaire, de gingivite, de caries et de parodontite chez les consommateurs de tabac sans fumée étaient similaires aux taux observés chez la plupart des adolescents indépendamment de leur consommation de tabac. (who.int)
  • Postoperative hypersensitivity, secondary caries and marginal morphology of restoration were evaluated. (journal-imab-bg.org)
  • 2021). information seeking behaviour patterns among parents on early childhood caries. (ukm.my)
  • 2021). management of dental esthetics in a child with hypodontia using a heat vacuum-pressed transparent thermoplastic polypropylene template. (ukm.my)
  • Comparison of two popular methods for removal and killing of bacteria from dentures. (thejcdp.com)
  • Dental caries remains the most widespread chronic disease worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
  • Five freshly extracted, intact caries-free third molars stored in 0.5% chloramine-T solution were used for the study. (hindawi.com)
  • In view of available evidence, it was not possible to generalize the indication of casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate for preventing dental caries. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, the dual functions of CYP with good biocompatibility can simultaneously bind collagen and induce nanocrystal precipitation, thereby significantly absorbing calcium and phosphorus ions to form regenerated minerals for reversing the tooth decay process in the rat caries model. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1 Dental caries may be defined as a bacterial disease of calcified tissues of teeth and is characterized by demineralization of the inorganic and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth. (djigims.com)
  • 2022). multidisciplinary management of a nasally displaced dilacerated tooth following early childhood dental trauma : a case report. (ukm.my)
  • 2022). knowledge and awareness of avulsed tooth management among dental surgery assistants (dsa) in dental school of universiti kebangsaan malaysia (ukm). (ukm.my)
  • Vivo, the American oral cancer public health system, found that the pattern of tooth development by specific molecules is distinct from the patterns of normal tooth development by natural events, such as radiographic exposure, or DNA methylation, and similar examples of gene therapy, where differences are seen not only the result of time and different molecules. (medicalexaminationhelp.com)
  • Dental maturity often not only depends on the eruption of the tooth but also the space between the teeth and many more [ 1 ]. (jrmds.in)
  • Dental aging seemed to be in two forms: tooth mineralisation and tooth eruption pattern. (jrmds.in)
  • Possible outcomes of thermal injuries during dental procedures include transient pulpal inflammation, irreversible pulpal inflammation or necrosis [ 2 , 3 ], bone resorption, and tooth ankylosis [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Salivary peptide human neutrophil defensin1-3 and its relationship with early childhood caries. (ijcpd.com)
  • Thus this stage of caries is possible to arrest or reverse by modifying the etiologic factors or applying preventive measures. (nature.com)
  • These data are valuable for bioengineering versatile therapeutics to prevent/arrest dental caries, a condition that otherwise requires invasive treatments with substantial health care expenditures. (bvsalud.org)
  • The protocol with Er:YAG laser "Lite Touch" parameters used can be recommended in the dental practice for caries treatment of permanent teeth in childhood. (journal-imab-bg.org)
  • Inclusion criteria were angles Class I molar occlusion with acceptable crowding and proclination, normal growth and development with well-aligned dental arches, and full complements of permanent teeth irrespective of third molar status. (ijdr.in)
  • In recent studies on the mineral contents of dental hard tissue prepared by different laser treatments, permanent teeth have been used [ 14 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Additionally, she has experience developing infection control guidelines for safe dental practice in dental offices and schools. (ucsf.edu)
  • Evaluation Evaluation of the data is an important part of dental practice. (medicalexaminationhelp.com)
  • A review of application of nanotechnology within current dental practice and related research is outlined and with reference to the scale of objects encompassed within nanotechnology. (ivoryresearch.com)
  • A level of anticipation of the potential of nanotechnology to contribute significantly to routine dental practice has previously been indicated 2. (ivoryresearch.com)
  • 4 The conventional method for caries removal involves use of high-speed rotary instruments, which have proven to be effictive since ages. (djigims.com)
  • To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of caries removal using two methods: a chemo mechanical agent, Brix3000 and conventional rotary instruments. (djigims.com)
  • Different methods of dental age estimation have been used widely such as Nollas's, Demirjian's, modified Demirjian by Willems [ 2 ]. (jrmds.in)
  • information seeking behaviour among parents of children with early childhood caries: a qualitative study. (ukm.my)
  • Complete caries was excavated in both groups and then analyzed with tactile assessment. (djigims.com)
  • Assessment of psychological distress and coping strategies among dental undergraduate students in a Malaysian university during COVID-19 Pandemic. (iium.edu.my)
  • The study showed that conventional rotary instrumentation method required significantly less time for caries removal (p = .001). (djigims.com)
  • Kathleen in her study analysed the third molar of the Hispanic population and estimated the dental age using Dimirjian's method and observed a statistically significant increase. (jrmds.in)
  • The present study was adopted to overcome the limitations such as the previous studies didn't mainly concentrate on the upper left third molar in dental age estimation. (jrmds.in)
  • The study was beforehand approved by the institutional review board of Saveetha dental college and ethical approval was obtained. (jrmds.in)
  • Animal research: reporting in vivo experiments: the ARRIVE guidelines. (rjptonline.org)
  • Additionally, Sepideh serves as the science Coordinator of the NIMHD Multiple Chronic Diseases Disparities Research Consortium, and Co-Investigator of the California Oral Health technical assistance (COHTAC) to supervise dental Public Health residents in their collaboration with Local Oral Health Programs. (ucsf.edu)
  • Caries Research, pp. 1-13. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • La présente étude décrit l'état de santé bucco-dentaire des adolescents qui consommaient quotidiennement du tabac sans fumée ( shamma ) en Arabie saoudite. (who.int)
  • These findings suggest that BRIX3000 is an excellent treatment option for caries removal with the same effectiveness and less trauma than the conventional method, inspite of it taking a longer time to remove the caries. (djigims.com)
  • There have been recent reports in the literature regarding the mineral content of dental hard tissue prepared by different laser treatments [ 14 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The students were use causes cancer of the head and neck, a result of the short exposure time to examined at the schools using portable oesophagus and pancreas, and many smokeless tobacco products among ado- dental chairs, disposable oral examina- oral diseases such as oral mucosal lescents [13-15]. (who.int)
  • There are limited studies related to mineral content of dental hard tissue in primary teeth [ 21 - 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • No postoperative sensitivity and secondary caries in all children at the 2-year follow-up examination were observed. (journal-imab-bg.org)
  • Untreated dental caries is considered the most prevalent health condition affecting both children and adults worldwide. (thejcdp.com)
  • 2022). children's preference for dentists' attire based on gender and age groups in children without any prior dental experience. (ukm.my)
  • Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Dental Education: A Survey of U.S., U.K., and Australian Dental Schools, Parashar et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, we questioned whether MAIT cells were present in diseased, inflamed tissue around dental implants, and if so, what were their role or function. (washington.edu)
  • In the first aim, we tested for the presence and quantification of MAIT cells in both normal tissue as well from mucosa surrounding dental implants diagnosed with peri-implant disease. (washington.edu)
  • Flow cell cytometry was used to test ex vivo samples of both tissue and matched blood samples. (washington.edu)