Vivo glioblastoma neoplastic stem cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

As pointed out by Rubin, "The vast majority of studies in cancer research has been done on well-defined tumors in vivo, or on discrete neoplastic foci in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
Here we show that TGF-beta regulates proliferation, migration, and tumorigenicity of mesenchymal GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) in vivo and in vitro. (uni-regensburg.de)
On a functional level, proneural CSC lines caused a significantly stronger TGF-beta-dependent suppression of NKG2D expression on CD8(+) T and NK cells in vitro providing a mechanistic explanation for the reduced immune infiltration of proneural GBMs. (uni-regensburg.de)
In vitro , the sprouting and migratory properties of primary endothelial cell cultures were reduced by inhibiting EZH2 through up-regulation of miR-101, siRNA-mediated knockdown of EZH2, or treatment with 3-Deazaneplanocin-A (DZNep), a small molecule inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity. (plos.org)
Overexpression of TERT712, a telomerase activity-deficient form of TERT, in U87MG cells promoted cell self-renewal in vitro, and induced EGFR expression and formation of gliomas exhibiting cellular heterogeneity in vivo. (korea.ac.kr)
This study aims to explore the energy metabolism of macrophages under either inflammatory or anti-inflammatory conditions by adding LPS and Met, respectively, using an in vitro and an in vivo model. (nature.com)
These phytochemicals have been tried against cancer viability at both in vitro and in vivo levels. (researchsquare.com)
We consistently observed that treatment with shRNA-STAT3 (sh-STAT3) or AG490, a STAT3 inhibitor, significantly inhibited the cancer stem-like cell properties and radioresistance of GBM-CD133 + in vitro and in vivo. (tmu.edu.tw)
BCD-022 is a trastuzumab biosimilar which was shown to be equivalent to reference trastuzumab in a wide panel of physicochemical studies as well as preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr. Petritsch is an expert in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and cancer stem cells, and her team's emphasis is on intra-tumoral heterogeneity, in vitro and in vivo cancer model development, and tumor-immune interactions. (stanford.edu)
In vitro stimulation of OKF6/TERT-2 cells and THP-1 monocytes was performed with combinations of AGE and P. gingivalis LPS. (afpm.org.my)
Furthermore, we find direct evidence of a role for Id1 with significant suppression of in vitro transformation and in vivo tumorigenesis in COX-2-overexpressing GBM cells where Id1 has been knocked down. (oncotarget.com)
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)
The cancer chemopreventive retinoid N -(4 hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR) has already been shown to restrain prostate cancer growth in vitro and in vivo, though its mechanisms of action are only partially explained. (biomedcentral.com)

We take advantage of the similarity between neural developmental processes and cancer hierarchy to mitigate, if not completely abolish, the malignant nature of tumor cells and pave the way for new intervention strategies. (lu.se)
Our aim was to establish a live cell culture to enable the understanding of the cellular processes driving the non-malignant growth of these tumors. (frontiersin.org)
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common high-grade malignant brain tumour in adults and arises from the glial cells in the brain. (biomedcentral.com)
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive of all malignant brain and central nervous system tumours. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunohistological studyof mononuclear cell infiltrate in malignant gliomas. (edu.pl)
They have complementary mechanisms to hinder the carcinogenic process by searching free radicals, inhibiting survival and multiplication of malignant cells, as well as reducing invasiveness and angiogenesis of tumors. (researchsquare.com)
This is especially true for malignant glioma cells, which simultaneously express markers of different lineages and states exhibiting incomplete differentiation. (stanford.edu)
Results: No difference in antigen expression between normal and malignant endothelial cells (ECs) was found for CD54, CD109, CD137, CD141, CD144 and CXCR7. (researchgate.net)
As the most common malignant tumour of the central nervous system, gliomas (especially glioblastoma) have a very poor prognosis, and treatment efficacy is not ideal even with the application of high-intensity treatment measures of surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
The cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm emerged from investigating a subpopulation of less-differentiated CD34+/CD38- cells possessing stem cell-like renewal ability and robust malignant-initiating capacity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [ 1 ] . (oaepublish.com)
Finally, GBM cells with COX-2 or Id1 overexpression show greater migration/invasive potential and tumors that arise from these cells also display increased microvessel density, results in line with the increased malignant potential seen in these cells. (oncotarget.com)
Gliomas, especially glioblastomas (GBMs), are the most malignant primary brain tumors[1]. (123dok.net)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)

Recent studies have suggested that many solid tumors, including GBM, are maintained by a subset of cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). (johnshopkins.edu)
However, targeting solid tumors is more challenging than targeting B-cell malignancies with CAR-T cells because of the histopathological structure features, specific antigens shortage and strong immunosuppressive environment of solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
Optimization of the design of CAR vectors, exploration of new targets, addition of safe switches and combination with other treatments bring new vitality to the CAR-T cell based immunotherapy against solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
In this review, we focus on the major obstacles limiting the application of CAR-T cell therapy toward solid tumors and summarize the measures to refine this new cancer therapeutic modality. (ijbs.com)
And much work remains to be done to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
It may be achieved, at least partially, by more extensive basic studies investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of T cell activation by CARs and unraveling the connection between T cell migration in solid tumors and the effectiveness in eradication of solid tumors and metastases [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
In this review, we discuss the current status and major obstacles for the treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells, thus provide some potential measures to refine this novel therapeutic modality. (ijbs.com)
The present study provides new insights into TERT p mutational spectrum occurring in central nervous system tumors, with the identification of new recurrent somatic gain-of-function mutations, occurring in 0.8% of glioblastoma IDH -wildtype. (biomedcentral.com)
A hypoxic microenvironment leads to an increase in the invasiveness and the metastatic potential of cancer cells within tumors via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness acquisition. (blogspot.com)
We think that defective cell fate decisions fuel the intra-humoral heterogeneity and plasticity that makes treatment of human brain tumors so challenging. (stanford.edu)
Defects in cell fate control could explain many key defects present in brain tumors Of special emphasis, we study the establishment of cell fates within normal hierarchical brain lineages for comparison to the dysregulated cell-fate hierarchies seen in brain tumors. (stanford.edu)
The biological importance of activation targets of Nanog, Oct4, SOX-2, and c-Myc in CSCs, which are more frequently overexpressed in poorly differentiated tumors than in well-differentiated tumors, has been shown by correlating signature characteristics of these cells and poor survival [ 3 ] . (oaepublish.com)
Molecular data have indicated a direct progression from diffuse astrocytoma to anaplastic astrocytoma to glioblastoma in patients whose tumors bear mutations in the IDH1/2 genes and TP53 genes, a finding that marks the pathogenic pathway of 5% of all glioblastomas. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] A majority of these tumors will exhibit polysomy of the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) genetic locus on chromosome 7 in subsets of tumor cells. (medscape.com)

Using GBM-derived neurospheres, we identified the cell surface tetraspanin family member CD151 as a novel regulator of glioma cell stemness, GSC self-renewal capacity, migration, and tumor growth. (elsevierpure.com)
A high Notch pathway activation predicts response to γ secretase inhibitors in proneural subtype of glioma tumor-initiating cells. (nih.gov)
Here, we report a telomerase activity-independent function of TERT that induces cancer stemness in glioma cells. (korea.ac.kr)
Induction of differentiation and TERT-knockdown in glioma stem cells led to a marked reduction in EGFR expression, cancer stemness, and anticancer drug resistance. (korea.ac.kr)
Exploring the origin and development mechanisms of tumour cells from the perspective of tumour biogenesis has always been a hotspot in the field of glioma research. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased COX-2 expression directly correlates with glioma grade and is associated with shorter survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. (oncotarget.com)
COX-2 overexpression induces Id1 expression in two GBM cell lines suggesting a role for Id1 in glioma transformation/tumorigenesis. (oncotarget.com)
Functional analysis of HOXD9 in human gliomas and glioma cancer stem cells. (123dok.net)
Results: In this study, we found high expression of the HOXD9 gene transcript in glioma cell lines and human glioma tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. (123dok.net)
The HOXD9 gene was highly expressed in a side population (SP) of SK-MG-1 cells that was previously identified as an enriched-cell fraction of glioma cancer stem-like cells. (123dok.net)
Finally, we cultured human glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs) from patient specimens found with high expression of HOXD9 in GCSCs compared with normal astrocyte cells and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). (123dok.net)
Conclusions: Our results suggest that HOXD9 may be a novel marker of GCSCs and cell proliferation and/or survival factor in gliomas and glioma cancer stem-like cells, and a potential therapeutic target. (123dok.net)
In glioma CSC (GCSC), the expression of some neural stem markers, such as SOX2 and Musa-shi-1, has been reported[6,7]. (123dok.net)

VEGF, produced in large amounts by cancer cells during tumor growth, interacts with its receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 thereby causing endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and sprouting [7] . (plos.org)
Silencing CD151 inhibited neurosphere forming capacity, neurosphere cell proliferation, and migration and attenuated the expression of markers and transcriptional drivers of the GSC phenotype. (elsevierpure.com)
The HOX genes encode a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors that play important roles in the early embryo, including the establishment of cell and tissue identity, and the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Enhancement of head andneck squamous cell carcinoma proliferation, invasion, andmetastasis by tumor-associated fibroblasts in preclinicalmodels. (edu.pl)
The T cells also effectively terminate their activation and proliferation as a means of avoiding autoimmunity, resulting in different phenotypes that either further activate Th1 immune responses or suppress via Th2-driven responses. (encyclopedia.pub)
PD-1 is an immunoinhibitory receptor that stymies lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion when bound to its membrane-bound or secreted ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2, expressed by both immune and tumour cells [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Measured by its ability to block anti-ErbB2 mediated inhibition of SK‑BR‑3 human breast cancer cell proliferation. (novusbio.com)
Integrin-mediated interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) are required for the attachment, cytoskeletal organization, mechanosensing, migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells in the context of a multitude of biological processes including fertilization, implantation and embryonic development, immune response, bone resorption and platelet aggregation. (thno.org)
decreased cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis. (123dok.net)
It was suggested that HOXD9 contributes to both cell proliferation and/or cell survival. (123dok.net)
HOXD9 siRNA treatment of SK-MG-1 SP cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation. (123dok.net)
Homeobox proteins are master regulators of develop-ment and control many cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell shape, and cell migration. (123dok.net)
A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation , and cell proliferation . (lookformedical.com)
In addition, we found that BMP-2, a 4HPR target with antiangiogenic activity, decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by down-regulating the pathway described involving AKT phosphorylation, β-catenin stability and cyclin D1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
As a consequence, 4HPR led to the regulation of genes controlling cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)

In patients with glioblastoma multiforme, TERT expression showed a high correlation with EGFR expression, which is closely linked to the stemness gene signature. (korea.ac.kr)
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. (tmu.edu.tw)

In gliomas, TERT p mutations ( TERT p mut ) mainly occur in oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma. (biomedcentral.com)
We screened, for TERT p hotspot mutations, 301 adult patients with gliomas and identified heterozygous mutations in 239 cases: 94% of oligodendroglioma, 85% of glioblastoma, and 37.5% of diffuse/anaplastic astrocytoma. (biomedcentral.com)
This factor has been shown to be regulated by COX-2 in breast carcinoma cells and recent studies suggest that Id1 may also be involved in the genesis/progression of gliomas. (oncotarget.com)

HTL-001 induced both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in GBM cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, and express enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. (oaepublish.com)
Elevated COX-2 is associated with increased angiogenesis, tumor invasion and promotion of tumor cell resistance to apoptosis [ 5 - 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

The study identified 2 genes known to contribute to tumor progression and 8 known to be present in tumor cells but which have unknown functions. (frontiersin.org)
However, several lines of evidence indicate that many cancer cells exhibit shorter telomere length than normal tissues, implying an additional function of TERT in tumor formation and progression. (korea.ac.kr)
Our results suggest that the orchestrated response of macrophages and stromal elements to neoplastic cells enhances tumor progression through the release of soluble factors. (edu.pl)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

[ 10 ] TERT mutations are found consistently in both oligodendrogliomas as well as glioblastomas occurring in patients with no previous history of astrocytomas (primary glioblastoma). (medscape.com)

In vivo, a substantially increased infiltration of immune cells was observed in mesenchymal GBMs, while immune infiltrates were rare in proneural GBMs. (uni-regensburg.de)
Iron commensalism of mesenchymal glioblastoma promotes ferroptosis susceptibility upon dopamine treatment. (nih.gov)
In this study, we show that human glioblastoma cells secrete soluble factors that alter the phenotype and cytokine secretion profile of both macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (edu.pl)
Vimentin is a developmentally regulated intermediate filament protein (IFP) found in cells of mesenchymal origin. (thermofisher.com)

piloted the use of NGS to study the exomes of 140 samples of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in 2003, identifying 6 previously described and 7 undescribed mutations relevant for AMP pathogenesis. (frontiersin.org)

Tumor cell hierarchies are poorly understood, providing no explanation for why tumor cells with stem-like, progenitor-like, and differentiated features co-exist and interact with normal brain cells and immune-infiltrating cells within a single tumor entity, and how this heterogeneity relates to the lack of active immune infiltration. (stanford.edu)

abstract = "Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) represent tumor-propagating cells with stem-like characteristics (stemness) that contribute disproportionately to GBM drug resistance and tumor recurrence. (elsevierpure.com)

It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Angiogenin Upregulation Independently Predicts Unfavorable Overall Survival in Proneural Subtype of Glioblastoma. (nih.gov)
Patients With Proneural Glioblastoma May Derive Overall Survival Benefit From the Addition of Bevacizumab to First-Line Radiotherapy and Temozolomide: Retrospective Analysis of the AVAglio Trial. (nih.gov)
Sensitization of cancer cells to conventional drugs using multi-target agents that block survival and oncogenic pathways, alone or in combination, is an emerging strategy to overcome drug resistance. (researchsquare.com)
Cell survival. (lookformedical.com)
It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION . (lookformedical.com)

[ 1 ] whereas the higher grades of the biologic spectrum are assigned as "anaplastic astrocytoma" (grade III) and "glioblastoma" (grade IV). (medscape.com)

The emerging therapeutic approach of CAR-T cell therapy has sparked great interests, extensive studies in preclinical and clinical trials have revealed encouraging therapeutic efficacy in treating a variety of cancers, particularly in treating B-cell hematologic malignancies with CD19 CAR-T cells [ 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
In 2012, he became a member of the Canary Center at Stanford University where he has leveraged his experience in cell and preclinical studies to develop imaging modalities to track therapeutic responses against cancer as well as detecting early stage cancers. (stanford.edu)
As a result, Dr. Chang has explored the relevance of medicinal compounds from the Ayurvedic medical tradition, in particular Withaferin A from the winter cherry plant, in stopping cancers such as glioblastomas. (stanford.edu)
With the understanding particularly in the characteristics of viruses and tumor cells, numerous innovative OVs have been engineered to conquer cancers, such as Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) and tasadenoturev (DNX-2401). (biomedcentral.com)
Amazing combination of therapeutic strategies of OVs and immune cells confers immense potential for managing cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
With increasingly high therapeutic efficacy being achieved recent years and owing to the unique features such as specific tumor tropism, low cytotoxicity against normal cells, OVT has been inviting a great attention as an ideal weapon against cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

While a few studies have attempted reprogramming of glioblastoma (GBM) cells toward a neuronal fate, this approach has not yet been used to induce differentiation into other lineages and in vivo data on reduction in tumorigenicity are limited. (lu.se)
Most importantly, forced differentiation substantially reduces tumorigenicity of GBM cells in an in vivo xenotransplantation model. (lu.se)
and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
Symmetric cell division prompts multiplication and asymmetric cell division is an enlightening advance for differentiation. (researchsquare.com)
Microarray results suggested that RV or AG490 inhibited the stemness gene signatures of GBM-CD133 + and facilitated the differentiation of GBM-CD133 + into GBM-CD133 - or astrocytoma cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
Cell fate decisions within these hierarchical brain cell lineages are tightly controlled and irreversible: e.g. cells in the state of differentiation will not turn into progenitor cells or stem cells. (stanford.edu)
Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)

Other factors that contribute to a poor prognosis are tumour cell migration into the surrounding tissue, immune evasion [ 8 ], and evasion of cell death induced by radiation and chemotherapy through the activation of anti-apoptotic resistance pathways and upregulation of DNA repair systems. (biomedcentral.com)
Glioblastoma (GBM) prognosis remains dismal, with most patients succumbing to disease within 1 or 2 years of diagnosis. (johnshopkins.edu)
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent, aggressive primary brain tumour with a dismal prognosis. (encyclopedia.pub)

Direct cellular reprogramming has recently gained attention of cancer researchers for the possibility to convert undifferentiated cancer cells into more differentiated, postmitotic cell types. (lu.se)
Curcumin reduces fascin expression through JAK/STAT3 pathway inhibition, which interferes with the cellular interactions essential for the metastasis and recurrence of ovarian cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
GBM originate from poorly differentiated glial cells and have the characteristics of nuclear atypia, cellular polymorphism, and a high degree of mitotic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell population and lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. (oaepublish.com)
Integrin mediated cellular adhesion is dynamic process that is both indicative of and influenced by cell status. (thno.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, is robustly expressed in cancer cells. (korea.ac.kr)
TERT enables cells to avoid chromosome shortening during repeated replication by maintaining telomere length. (korea.ac.kr)
The catalytic activity of human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) compensates for the loss of telomere length, eroded during each cell cycle, to ensure a correct division of stem and germinal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, to determine the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in the presence and absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on IL- 6 , IL-8, and CXCL5 expression by THP-1 monocytes and OKF6/TERT-2 cells. (afpm.org.my)
AGE and LPS, alone or in combination, stimulated IL- 6 , IL-8, and CXCL5 expression in both OKF6/TERT-2 cells and THP-1 monocytes. (afpm.org.my)
P. gingivalis LPS and AGE in combination caused significantly greater expression of IL- 6 , IL-8, and CXCL5 from THP-1 monocytes and OKF6/TERT-2 cells than LPS alone. (afpm.org.my)
[ 10 ] Interestingly, while IDH1/2 mutations and TERT mutations occur together in oligodendrogliomas, they are mutually exclusive in glioblastomas, further supporting the distinction between primary and secondary glioblastomas. (medscape.com)

CSCs are vital to the continued growth of the tumour as they have an ability to self-renew, proliferate and form differentiated cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Studying such mechanisms not only provides mechanistic insights into these cells that are unresponsive to drugs, but may lead to the development of targeted and effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs. (oaepublish.com)
called either cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiat-ing cells[3]. (123dok.net)

Immune cell infiltration varies widely between different glioblastomas (GBMs). (uni-regensburg.de)

Using immunohistochemistry, we observed HOXD9 protein expression in human brain tumor tissues, including astrocytomas and glioblastomas. (123dok.net)
Anaplastic astrocytomas represent the intermediate stage in the spectrum of progressive astrocytomas that range from diffuse astrocytoma (grade II) to glioblastoma (grade IV). (medscape.com)
Epidemiologic data support a peak incidence in the fifth decade, a point between the peak incidence of diffuse astrocytomas (fourth decade) and glioblastomas (seventh decade). (medscape.com)

Conversely, forced CD151 expression promoted neurosphere self-renewal, cell migration, and expression of stemness-associated transcription factors. (elsevierpure.com)

A molecular subtype of glioblastoma that is associated with younger age at presentation and is characterized by p53 mutations and PDGFRa amplifications. (nih.gov)
PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)

The chemical modification of RNA is a newly discovered epigenetic regulation mechanism in cells and plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Since angiogenesis and metastatic spread are strictly related, in this study we analyzed the regulation of multiple signaling pathways responsible for cancer cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)

He also has professional interests in stem cell research, the biology of aging, cancer as well as telomere and telomerase biology. (stanford.edu)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), activated by tumour cells, are the predominant type of stromal cells in cancer tissue and play an important role in interacting with neoplastic cells to promote cancer pro. (blogspot.com)
Cancer cells also recruit and alter nearby stromal cells to aid the tumour cells in avoiding immune detection and destruction [ 16 ] [ 17 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

In summary, RV can reduce in vivo tumorigenicity and enhance the sensitivity of GBM-TIC to radiotherapies through the STAT3 pathway. (tmu.edu.tw)

Biology of Metastasis - Adhesion Molecules and Cell-Cell/Matrix Interactions 1 (Migration) ( MSc Oncology , A34C02/L/05 Tumour Physiology) (2015-present). (nottingham.ac.uk)
Biology of Metastasis - Adhesion Molecules and Cell-Cell/Matrix Interactions 2 (Invasion) ( MSc Oncology , A34C02/L/05 Tumour Physiology) (2015-present). (nottingham.ac.uk)
Emerging roles ofthe tumor-associated stroma in promoting tumor metastasis.Cell Adh Migr. (edu.pl)
PC cells usually remain confined in the organ, while a small proportion of carcinomas acquire the ability to metastasize and approximately 80% of patients who have died of advanced hormone refractory PC have clinical evidence of bone metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)

These findings identify CD151 and its interactions with integrins α3 and α6 as potential therapeutic targets for inhibiting stemness-driving mechanisms and stem cell populations in GBM. (elsevierpure.com)
The intricate molecular mechanisms involved in the regenerative process of the normal intestine and the identity of putative somatic intestinal stem cells have become clear. (mdpi.com)
As resveratrol (RV), a polyphenol in grapes, is reported to be a potent and non-toxic cancer-preventive compound, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanisms of RV on GBM-derived radioresistant tumor initiating cells (TIC). (tmu.edu.tw)
Her research identified conserved mechanisms of cell fate determination in mammalian brain progenitors and led to a paradigm shift in understanding how brain progenitor cells self-renew and differentiate. (stanford.edu)
The mechanisms for cell fate decisions in the human brain are largely unknown. (stanford.edu)
By using patient-derived cells from brain surgeries, we investigate cell fate decision mechanisms in the normal brain and in brain malignancies. (stanford.edu)
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)

CD151 was found to complex with integrins α3, α6, and β1 in neurosphere cells, and blocking CD151 interactions with integrins α3 and α6 inhibited AKT phosphorylation, a downstream effector of integrin signaling, and impaired sphere formation and neurosphere cell migration. (elsevierpure.com)
Although there have been many reports regarding the anticancer properties of curcumin, its inhibitory effects on migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, particularly in the context of fascin expression, have not been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
The attachment assay, migration assay and invasion assay of the ovarian cancer cells exhibited a statistically significant decrease. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that 4HPR impairs DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells migration and invasion by down-regulating FAK and AKT activation and by enhancing β-catenin degradation, causing the downregulation of target genes like cyclin D1, survivin and VEGF. (biomedcentral.com)
Conversely, the expression of constitutively active AKT (myr-AKT) overcame the effects of 4HPR and β-catenin-silencing on cell migration. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that 4HPR-induced inhibition of PC cell migration and invasion correlates with decreased FAK and AKT phosphorylation, activation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β) and β-catenin destabilization. (biomedcentral.com)

risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)

Her postdoctoral studies on neural stem cells and asymmetric cell division in the Lab of Dr. Yuh Nung Jan at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of San Francisco, California implied for the first time a minus-end directed myosin in the process of cell fate determination. (stanford.edu)

In addition, we found that systemic DZNep administration reduced the number of blood vessels in a subcutaneous glioblastoma mouse model, without showing adverse toxicities. (plos.org)
Tumorigenesis in vivo is also increased in both subcutaneous flank and orthotopic intracranial tumor models. (oncotarget.com)

She returned to UCSF to conduct translational research, and apply her combined expertise in stem cells and signaling on the study of brain neoplasms and human stem and progenitor cells. (stanford.edu)

In addition, activated T cells can express an inducible co-stimulator (iCOS), a surface receptor that is structurally and functionally similar to CD28 and enhances expression of Th2-related interleukin (IL)-10 rather than immune activating IL-2 [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Thus, COX-2 enhances the malignancy of GBM cells through induction of Id1. (oncotarget.com)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has increased over the past two decades. (hindawi.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Dr. Multani has extensive expertise in the field of Human and Mammalian Cytogenetics, and specializes in the evaluation of genetic instability and complex chromosomal rearrangements in cancer cells, telomere dysfunction, characterization of embryonic stem cells, and authentication of cell lines. (mdanderson.org)
Earlier studies have revealed that the embryonic stem (ES) cell/early PGC state is associated with tumourigenicity. (biomedcentral.com)
28 from 3 embryonic stem [Ha sido] clones) sent the Ha sido cell genome. (tech-strategy.org)

Proper cell fate decisions by neuroglia stem cells are critical for growing the cell lineages that form the brain during development and to maintain adult brain homeostasis. (stanford.edu)
Used together, these scholarly research showed that Compact disc3 and Compact disc3 play an important, yet overlapping partially, role in the introduction of both and T cell CH5424802 biological activity lineages. (tech-strategy.org)

We have established dynaimc 3D brain tumour culture models using the NASA-developed Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS). (nottingham.ac.uk)
The molecular biology and genetics of brain tumour cells grown as 3D cultures better resembles the biology of the patients' tumour, when compared to traditional 2D cultures. (nottingham.ac.uk)

OBJECTIVE: Radiotherapy (RT) against head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) may lead to severe toxicity in 30-40% of patients. (bvsalud.org)
M G M T {\displaystyle \mathrm {\ {\xrightarrow {MGMT}}} } Demethylation of 6-O-methylguanosine to Guanosine In patients with glioblastoma, a severe type of brain tumor, the cancer medicine temozolomide is more effective in those with a methylation of the gene's promoter. (wikipedia.org)
Of all patients with malignancies, 58% had CD276+ CEC counts above the ULN (8 cell per 4 ml). (researchgate.net)

Differentiated cells express typical glial markers and show a marked decrease in their proliferative state. (lu.se)
Both 2D monolayer and 3D neurospheres were successfully cultured and characterized for proliferative potential, intrinsic plasticity, presence of cancer stem cells and the expression of stem cell markers. (frontiersin.org)
T, confers a proliferative advantage to neoplastic cells. (biomedcentral.com)

These lymphocytes successfully eliminate the genetically unstable tumour cells with intrinsically high immunogenicity [ 4 ] through a series of successive stages [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

These cells secrete immune inhibitory growth factors and cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is primarily produced by microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). (encyclopedia.pub)

SKOV3, human epithelial ovary cancer cell line, was cultured with curcumin at various dose and duration. (biomedcentral.com)
In this scholarly study, we present proof that MAGI proteins, structural the different parts of AJC whose function continued to be unclear, regulate apical constriction of epithelial cells through the Par polarity proteins. (aboutsciencenow.info)
We reveal that MAGIs must uniformly spread Partitioning faulty-3 (Par-3) at AJC of cells through the entire epithelial monolayer. (aboutsciencenow.info)
By coupling the adhesion equipment towards the polarity proteins to modify mobile contractility, we suggest that MAGIs play important and central tasks in maintaining stable state intercellular pressure through the entire epithelial cell sheet. (aboutsciencenow.info)
Therefore, we exposed the MAGIs are crucial regulators of Par polarity proteins that are central towards the rules of pressure distribution in epithelial cells homeostasis. (aboutsciencenow.info)
Results Lack of ZO proteins highly perturbs Par-3 localization and alters apical morphology We previously demonstrated that depletion of ZO proteins in the mouse mammary epithelial cell range, EpH4, delays the forming of the contractile belt-like AJ18, recommending that ZO proteins are necessary for epithelial polarization. (aboutsciencenow.info)

Meanwhile, these non-engineered viruses sometimes inevitably infect and spread to normal tissues, indiscriminately killed both tumor and normal cells, causing a series of unpredicted side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
By the genetic recombination the viruses were conferred with high specificity against tumor cells without targeting normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
Processes involved in later stage disease, like development of androgen independence as a consequence of androgen depletion therapy, neoangiogenesis and homing of metastatic cells in lymphatic or bone tissues are generally undetectable at early stages. (biomedcentral.com)

We previously showed that VEGF signaling in primary endothelial cell cultures caused overexpression of VEGFR2 in a positive feed-forward loop, which is at least partly regulated by loss of miRNA-mediated control of VEGF receptor degradation. (plos.org)
Designer T and NK cells are a modality within immunotherapy that manipulates receptor-ligand interactions to enhance cells of the immune system to destroy cancer more effectively. (encyclopedia.pub)
Here, the peptide neoantigen on the DCs' MHC is presented to the awaiting CD4 + or CD8 + T cell receptor (TCR) complex. (encyclopedia.pub)
Subsequently, binding of the CD28 co-stimulatory receptor to the DCs' CD80/86 receptor fully activates the cytotoxic T cells which then migrate to infiltrate the tumour and kill the cells by locally releasing perforin and granzymes [ 2 ] [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Moreover, HSV engineered in gH of a scFv targeting the cancer-specific HER2 receptor, scFv-HER2-gH chimera, can enter, replicate and kill cancer cells efficiently [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, CSC maintenance in glioblastoma, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and prostate cancer is regulated by CD133-mediated AKT, leucine-rich G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)-mediated Wnt/β-catenin and speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP)-mediated Nanog pathways [ 4 - 8 ] . (oaepublish.com)
Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (lookformedical.com)
CD3 and CD3 are two highly related components of the T cell receptor (TCR)CCD3 complex which is essential for the assembly and transmission transduction of the T cell receptor on mature T cells. (tech-strategy.org)

Altogether, by identifying a pro-angiogenic VEGF/miR-101/EZH2 axis in endothelial cells we provide evidence for a functional link between growth factor-mediated signaling, post-transcriptional silencing, and histone-methylation in the angiogenesis process. (plos.org)

It has been shown that these cells are inherently radio- and chemotherapy resistant, and may be maintained in vivo in a niche characterized by reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia). (johnshopkins.edu)

Mitochondria play an important role in cell energy metabolism 12 through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), whose main product is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the fundamental energy molecule for cells 12 . (nature.com)
The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability. (lookformedical.com)

Therefore, these analyses indicate that deficiency in CD3 and blocked T cell advancement beyond the CD8+ stage completely. (tech-strategy.org)

From this pool, 24 distinct heterodimer combinations have been observed in vivo that confer cell-to-cell and cell-to-ligand specificity relevant to the host cell and the environment in which it functions [ 2 ]. (thno.org)

Emerging evidence suggests that ZA has anti-tumor and anti-metastatic properties for breast cancer cells. (blogspot.com)

These data point to 4HPR as a negative regulator of AKT phosphorylation, effectively targeting the β-catenin pathway and inducing a relatively benign phenotype in prostate cancer cells, limiting neoangiogenesis and cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy10

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes2

Vitro14

Malignant13

Tumors14

Glioma13

Proliferation17

Multiforme2

Gliomas3

Apoptosis6

Progression5

Primary glioblastoma1

Mesenchymal4

Acute Myeloid1

Heterogeneity1

Abstract1

Survival6

Anaplastic astrocytoma1

Cancers7

Differentiation7

Prognosis3

Cellular6

TERT7

CSCs3

GBMs1

Astrocytomas3

Self Renewal1

Mutations2

Regulation2

Telomerase1

Stromal2

Tumorigenicity1

Metastasis4

Mechanisms7

Migration6

Squamous cell carc2

Neural Stem1

Subcutaneous2

Progenitor cells1

Enhances2

Carcinoma2

Embryonic stem3

Lineages2

Brain tumour2

Patients3

Proliferative3

Tumour cells1

Macrophages1

Epithelial6

Tissues4

Receptor8

Angiogenesis1

Hypoxia1

Metabolism2

Deficiency1

Combinations1

Metastatic1

Pathway1