• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, malaria, immunodeficiency and spontaneous, somatic mutation can all contribute to the origin and maintenance of this cancer and their mechanisms are the subject of this review. (bmj.com)
  • ats are susceptible to severe acute respiratory Testing at regular intervals of conjunctival, fecal, and syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection oropharyngeal swab specimens showed that K4 and and can transmit the virus to other cats ( 1-3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • A hyperinflammatory 'cytokine storm' state termed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), culminating from a complex interplay of genetics, immunodeficiency, infectious triggers and dominant innate immune effector responses, can develop across disparate entities including systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and its counterpart adult-onset Still disease (AOSD), connective tissue diseases, sepsis, infection, cancers and cancer immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • Many scenarios, including infection, aberrant immunity, cancer and cancer immunotherapy, are associated with cytokine storm, also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or hypercytokinaemia. (nature.com)
  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) is a deficiency of cellular immunity brought on by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and characterized by a range of opportunistic diseases and infections. (mpkb.org)
  • HIV is a viral infection, and AIDS is the syndrome, which results - according to the Marshall Pathogenesis - in a dysregulated vitamin D metabolism. (mpkb.org)
  • Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)
  • The successful development and implementation to intervene prevention and treatment of virus infection over the past hundred years have had great advances on human and animal health. (medsci.org)
  • The critical role of the immune system has been found in the discovery that there are reported high morbidity and mortality rates of human CoV infection in immunocompromised host as well as patients with comorbidities [ 3 - 6 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1) infection is associated with a high incidence of B-cell lymphomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1) infection is associated with an elevated incidence of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and in recent years also with Hodgkin's lymphoma [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The development of animal models of dengue virus (DENV) infection and disease has been challenging, as epidemic DENV does not naturally infect non-human species. (mdpi.com)
  • The primary immunologic abnormality resulting from infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the progressive depletion and functional impairment of T lymphocytes expressing the CD4 cell surface glycoprotein. (justia.com)
  • The characterization of regulatory T cells (Treg) during HIV infection has become of particular interest considering their potential role in the pathogenesis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (openvirologyjournal.com)
  • Considering that immune activation is a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) infection, a considerable number of studies have explored the role of Treg in different cohorts of patients, reporting contradictory data. (openvirologyjournal.com)
  • Here, we use murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68) to demonstrate that ABCs remain elevated long-term during latent infection and express IFNγ and TNF. (nature.com)
  • Ecotropic Murine Leukemia Virus Infection of Glial Progenitors Interferes with Oligodendrocyte Differentiation: Implications for Neurovirulence. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Before I retired from Miami University, my interests were in the mechanisms bacteria use to infect human beings and cause disease, and how we can use this knowledge to prevent infection by bacterial pathogens. (miamioh.edu)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • H37Rv-infected murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) displayed both lysosomal leakage, with release of CTSB into the cytosol, as well as increased levels of mature IL-1β. (frontiersin.org)
  • Renal disease is a relatively common complication in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. (medscape.com)
  • Types of electrolyte abnormalities observed with some of the drugs used to treat opportunistic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (medscape.com)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) belongs to the retroviridae family and to the Lentivirus genus. (openaccesspub.org)
  • Appendix Figure 1, infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona- panels B, C). Cats were housed in single cages during virus 2 during a cluster outbreak in the home residents. (cdc.gov)
  • Although we confirmed prolonged presence of virus RNA the first 4 days of quarantine (surveillance days 6-10), in the asymptomatic cat, genome sequencing showed then moved into 1 combined cage system (surveillance no further role of the cat in human infections on site. (cdc.gov)
  • Viral co-infections (including Epstein-Barr virus, Human Herpes Virus 6, etc.) are found in all the diseases the Marshall Protocol treats, but the viruses are not believed to bethe proximate cause of disease. (mpkb.org)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
  • These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)
  • For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infections of the eye, and in particular keratitis, are quite frequent in people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [ 1 ] and are generally treated with acyclovir. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular factors regulate transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes of Tat from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus Vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Natural HIV-1 Nef accelerates virus replication in primary human lymphocytes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Herpes B virus (BV) is a zoonotic virus which can be transmitted from macaques to humans, which is often associated with high mortality rates. (bvsalud.org)
  • This relates to the field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), specifically to the use of α4 integrin antagonists for the treatment of HIV infections. (justia.com)
  • The variola virus causes smallpox and may have begun infecting humans approximately 10,000 years ago. (medscape.com)
  • Positive strand RNA viruses include many important human pathogens such as hepatitis C virus, which chronically infects nearly 3% of the world population, causing progressive liver damage and liver cancer, and the new SARS coronavirus. (wisc.edu)
  • We are also studying selected replication processes of a reverse-transcribing virus, hepatitis B virus, which is also a major human tumor virus. (wisc.edu)
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus belonging to the same family of the viruses causing SARS and middle-eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), which was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019, in the province of Hubei, China. (asociatia-ozonoterapie.ro)
  • A novel retrovirus, human T -celllymphomaleukemia virus (HTLV), has been isolated from the fresh and cultured cells of two of these patients. (science-connections.com)
  • These pathogens include human papillomaviruses, Epstein Barr virus and commonly Propionibacterium acnes . (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2006 an alleged new virus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus XMRV, was thought to be involved in prostate cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The emergence and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that could compromise vaccine efficacy (VE) with re-infections in immunized individuals have necessitated continuous surveillance of VE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Considering the boundaries of immunodeficiency and immune hypersensitivity in MAS related to systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still disease, and the role of lymphoid cells, severe COVID-19 is generally a distinctive lung-specific immunopathology. (nature.com)
  • Pneumonia caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally. (medsci.org)
  • In the past dozen years, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus is the third on record spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans after occurring of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) started in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2014, which is resulting in a pandemic in global. (medsci.org)
  • A minority of these cases progress to clinical forms which is with one or more severe complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that is potentially fatal [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
  • In contrast, certain immunodeficient mouse models infected with mouse-adapted DENV strains show signs of severe disease similar to the 'vascular-leak' syndrome seen in severe dengue in humans. (mdpi.com)
  • Since the emergence of COVID-19, several SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) variants have emerged and spread widely. (bvsalud.org)
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the respiratory disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 and is characterized by clinical manifestations ranging from mild, flu-like symptoms to severe respiratory insufficiency and multi-organ failure. (asociatia-ozonoterapie.ro)
  • Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy with endemic, sporadic and immunodeficiency-associated variants. (bmj.com)
  • It would seem reasonable then to survey human T -cell malignancies for the presence of retroviruses. (science-connections.com)
  • In previous studies from this laboratory "activated" (by lectins) lymphoblasts from either peripheral blood or bone marrow from normal human donors were grown continuously with TCGF. (science-connections.com)
  • The elaboration of immunoglobulins and presence of receptors for EBV are most characteristic of human B-cells. (science-connections.com)
  • Because CD4 + T cells, which constitute the "control tower" of acquired immunity, cannot recognize microbial components such as LPSs, the acquired immunity response to microorganisms depends on the phagocytic cells of the innate immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Statins also regulate innate and acquired immunity. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • Human IRF1 governs macrophagic IFN-γ immunity to mycobacteria. (resist-cluster.de)
  • Although there are many immunologic and cytochemical differences between mature hu man T- and B-Iymphocytes, human T -cells are primarily distinguished by their participation in cell mediated immunity and possession of receptors for sheep red blood cells. (science-connections.com)
  • In vivo studies on murine model showed no signs of inflammation or vaginal epithelial injury. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although the acquired immune system functions as early as 2-4 days after encountering the pathogen, some T and B cells respond specifically to the invading microorganisms, even after the immune response has ended. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antibodies are a key component of the human adaptive immune system, and the elicitation of antibodies has been correlated with vaccine efficacy in many diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Humans are infected with an array of herpesviruses that persist within us throughout our lives and require continuous surveillance by the host immune system. (nature.com)
  • Similar to human HAL, Tg lymphomas are preceded by diffuse lymphadenopathy and increased pro-inflammatory serum cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1975), and all patients with cutaneous T -cell lymphomas (mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, and nodular papulosis) (Lutzner et al. (science-connections.com)
  • Since several animal RNA tumor viruses (Klein 1980) and cells of the putative human retroviruses isolated to date (Bronson et al. (science-connections.com)
  • Normal human prostate epithelial cells can be immortalised by experimental exposure to HPVs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human monoclonal antibodies are characterized to study the humoral immune response in these disorders. (umassmed.edu)
  • Not only do we generate new human monoclonal antibodies for our studies, but also for a large number of laboratories throughout the world for research on infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmune disease. (umassmed.edu)
  • We collaborate with Drs. Greiner, Brehm and Luban here at UMMS and Dr. Leonard Schultz at Jackson Laboratories on humanized mouse models for the generation of human monoclonal antibodies and as models for passive immunotherapy for bacterial or viral infections. (umassmed.edu)
  • The laboratory has also been involved in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of IgG and IgA human monoclonal antibodies, in several bacterial and viral infections. (umassmed.edu)
  • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,, Bordetella pertussis, Klebsiella pneumonia), she is also inventor of two human monoclonal antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (umassmed.edu)
  • and human T -cell antigens recognized by certain monoclonal antibodies on both immature and mature T -cells. (science-connections.com)
  • 1 BL tumour cells usually express IgM, 13 - 15 B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20 and CD22 and markers of germinal centre (GC) centroblasts such as CD10, BCL6 4 and the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein. (bmj.com)
  • The expertise at MassBiologics, particularly in the areas of Discovery and Process Development, has allowed rapid production of SARS CoV-2 proteins (including several spike proteins and N protein) and human antibodies and nanobodies , contributing to the evaluation and development of therapeutics and diagnostics. (umassmed.edu)
  • A growing number of human diseases have been linked to mutations in genes encoding factors involved in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis [5] , [6] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
  • At present, the phenotypic heterogeneity and functional variation of human γδ T cells are increasing. (explorationpub.com)
  • Here, we report the efficacy of NET-degrading DNase I treatment in a murine model of COVID-19. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This mouse strain has been previously used as the model for SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and it presents signs of diseases, and biochemical and lung pathological changes compatible with the human disease [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The discovery, characterization, and purification of human T -cell growth factor (TCGF) has led to the establishment of continuously growing T -lymphoblast cell lines from normal people and from patients with certain T -cell neoplasias. (science-connections.com)
  • Non-human primates (NHPs) can sustain viral replication in relevant cell types and develop a robust immune response, but they do not develop overt disease. (mdpi.com)
  • In this combined immunodeficiency (SCID) cancer is low in these species (as it chapter, some aspects of this issue mice, in which the human target is in humans), which renders cancer are discussed. (who.int)
  • the disease caused by the cognate cel s from human cord blood. (who.int)
  • Wnt signaling is highly oncogenic to mammalian epithelia, and indeed comprises one of the main sources of human tumor initiation identified to date. (wisc.edu)
  • Broadly cross-reactive HIV neutralizing human monoclonal antibody Fab selected by sequential antigen panning of a phage display library. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Although macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is often termed autoinflammatory in both loss and gain of function phenotypes, adaptive lineage cells, especially T cells, are clearly important in both settings. (nature.com)
  • In this review, we use the Heilig nomenclature to describe human γδ T cells [ 1 ]. (explorationpub.com)
  • It is hypothesised that high risk for cancer human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have a causal role in prostate cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study was designed to examine in vitro the effect of a Chilean propolis ethanolic extract on human spermatozoa treated with benzo[a]pyrene and exogenous reactive oxygen species. (propoleo.cl)
  • 40 were considered positive) (Appendix ment home in Germany for which evidence indicated Figure 1, panel B) and 5.7 ×104 to 5.0 ×103 RNA cop- naturally occurring human-to-cat transmission dur- ies/mL (Appendix Figure 1, panel C). ing SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment consisted of murine NGF purified from sub maxillary glands and produced in the laboratories of the Institute of Neurobiology & Molecular Medicine (CNR-EBR, Roma, Italy). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to their role in the ribosome, many RPs, including murine Rpl22, have been shown to have extra-ribosomal functions [16] - [18] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In summary, our results evidence that the protective effect exhibited by this natural compound in human spermatozoa is correlated, at least in part, to the antioxidant capacity of its active components, and suggest that propolis may have a role in protection against male infertility. (propoleo.cl)
  • Mosquitoes were collected with aspirators around human dwellings, and ecological and environmental data were collected from each study area. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most noticeable is a decline in the antigen-specific acquired immune response. (biomedcentral.com)