That is, he had tumor virologists, DNA biochemists--Richard Franklin--and in the tumor virology area he had Peter Vogt, who had come out of Harry Rubin's lab in the late '50s, and a handful of guys came out of that lab in the avian tumor virus area, which is where the retrovirus field was strongest at that time. (nih.gov)
Rauscher2
What gave it a lot of impetus was in the murine system you had new isolates on the leukemia side from Rauscher, Moloney and Friend. (nih.gov)
The preparation and purification of Rauscher murine leukemia virus have been detailed (8). (nih.gov)
Viral5
As Type C retroviruses, replicating murine leukemia viruses produce a virion containing a spherical nucleocapsid (the viral genome in complex with viral proteins) surrounded by a lipid bilayer derived from the host cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
[ 12 ] Subsequently, during reverse transcription (this is a special characteristic of the retroviral replication cycle reflected in the nomenclature of this virus class), the viral RNA is re-transcribed by the viral reverse transcriptase into dsDNA (Figures 2 & 3). (medscape.com)
And there was a lot of question about what the significance was of the group-specific antigen, because people were finding it in the embryos without necessarily having viral particles, and it was one of the findings of interest for having people realize that there may be expression of virus in the embryo that wasn't in whole viral virion form. (nih.gov)
Similarly, viral-specific RNA has been detected (6) in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of mouse cells infected with the Moloney sarcoma-leukemia RN A-virus complex. (nih.gov)
The murine system was therefore adopted as an experimental model to develop 535 procedures permitting the detection of viral-specific RNA in tumor tissue. (nih.gov)
Ecotropic2
Extracts were active against virions carrying diverse envelopes (X4 and R5 HIV-1, vesicular stomatitis virus, ecotropic murine leukemia virus), but not against a non-enveloped adenovirus. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous data have shown that changes in His8 of the surface binding subunit of ecotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus abolish entry and induction of syncitia, but have no effect on receptor binding. (biomedcentral.com)
Integrase1
The virions also contain reverse transcriptase and integrase encoded by the pol gene. (biomedcentral.com)
Retroviruses4
The murine leukemia viruses (MLVs or MuLVs) are retroviruses named for their ability to cause cancer in murine (mouse) hosts. (wikipedia.org)
The murine leukemia viruses are group/type VI retroviruses belonging to the gammaretroviral genus of the Retroviridae family. (wikipedia.org)
Different strains of mice may have different numbers of endogenous retroviruses, and new viruses may arise as the result of recombination of endogenous sequences. (wikipedia.org)
Retroviruses show great similarity in the structure of the virion (80-100 nm in diameter), organization of the genome and method of replication. (medscape.com)
Membranes3
Fusion of the membranes leads to the deposition of the virion content in the cytoplasm of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
After fusion of the lipid membranes of the virus and host cell, the genetic material of the virus and the pol -encoded proteins are transferred to the cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
Lorraine Albritton (University of Tennessee, Memphis) showed that His8 is not required either for fusion peptide exposure, or for the fusion of the outer leaflet of the virion and cellular membranes, but is essential for pore formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Isolates1
Multiple isolates of viruses or transposable elements are considered distinct if at least one promoter region fails to fulfill the above similarity criterion. (expasy.org)
Proteins2
The encoded proteins are trafficked to the plasma membrane, where they assemble into progeny virus particles. (wikipedia.org)
The results imply that the oncogenic information is serving as messenger RNA that directs the synthesis of proteins re- quired for virus production, and perhaps for the main- tenance of the nenplastic state. (nih.gov)
Tumor viruses3
With the DNA tumor viruses (the SV-40, polyoma and adenoviruses) Maurice Green and Sol Spiegelman had finished the adenoviruses story clearly showing, here, that you had a DNA tumor virus, oncogenic in animals and, in the case of adeno, clearly causing infections in people. (nih.gov)
So, the activity in the tumor viruses on the RNA side picked up. (nih.gov)
Further, it has been shown (2) that the particles of human origin exhibit RNA-dependent DNA polymerase ("reverse transcriptase') activity and possess the 70S RNA (manuscriptin preparation) characteristic of the RNA tumor viruses of animals. (nih.gov)
Infectious2
Infection begins when the surface glycoprotein (SU) on the outer part of the mature, infectious virion binds to the receptor on the surface of the new host cell. (wikipedia.org)
Clinical symptoms of the persons infected with the NII561-2000-related viruses were infectious gastroenteritis, rash, upper respiratory tract infection, and paralysis, in addition to Reye syndrome in the 1-year-old girl. (cdc.gov)
Protein4
Following exposure to Lamiaceae extracts, the stability of virions as well as virion-associated levels of envelope glycoprotein and processed Gag protein were unaffected, while, surprisingly, sucrose-density equilibrium gradient analyses disclosed a marked increase of virion density. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, two types of hexameric protein arrangements were observed for each virus type. (elsevierpure.com)
Synthesis of (7H]DNA homol- ogous to mammary-tumor virus RNA was performed as fol- lows: purified virus (1 mg of protein/ml final reaction) was incubated in 0.2% NP-40 detergent (Shell) with 80 »mol of dithiothreitol at 0°C for 10 min. (nih.gov)
Replication1
In line with this observation, a virion-fusion assay demonstrated that HIV-1 entry was drastically impaired following treatment of particles with Lamiaceae extracts, and the magnitude of this effect at the early stage of infection correlated with the inhibitory potency on HIV-1 replication. (biomedcentral.com)
Envelope2
They are cleaved into two polypeptides: the surface subunit is exposed on the virion surface and the transmembrane subunit is anchored in the virion envelope. (biomedcentral.com)
The fusion of the His8 mutant is arrested after the fusion of the outer leaflet of the virion envelope and the cellular membrane, but before the fusion of the inner lipid bilayers (hemifusion state). (biomedcentral.com)
Mouse mammary-tumor virus was obtained from milk of the Paris RIII strain of mice, which have a high incidence of mammary tumors (7), and purified as described (2, 8). (nih.gov)
Herpes simpl4
By harbouring also a strong activity against herpes simplex virus type 2, these extracts may provide a basis for the development of novel virucidal topical microbicides. (biomedcentral.com)
PMID- 214407 TI - Antibodies to Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of uterine cervix in India. (nih.gov)
AB - Antibody activity to Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2) was measured by the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test in sera from 124 women with squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, 46 women with non-cervical cancer and 116 matched normal women. (nih.gov)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a highly successful human pathogen belonging to the family Herpesviridae. (mdpi.com)
Particles4
This cleavage is essential for the Env incorporation into virus particles. (wikipedia.org)
Particles similar to the mouse mammary-tumor virus have been frequently observed in milk from women with familial histories of breast cancer (1). (nih.gov)
These observations clearly warrant the performance of experiments designed to elucidate the possible significance of the virus-like particles to human breast cancer. (nih.gov)
In addition to the presence of similar particles in the milk, other parallels can be drawn between murine mammary tumor and human adenocarcinoma of the breast. (nih.gov)
Oncogenic1
Analogous experiments have been performed with tissue culture cells with the oncogenic DNA viruses (4, 5). (nih.gov)
Concentrations2
Aqueous extracts from Lamiaceae can drastically and rapidly reduce the infectivity of HIV-1 virions at non-cytotoxic concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from donors of known serological status with respect to EB virus were exposed to the virus in vitro and then cultured at various cell concentrations. (nih.gov)
Infection3
Aqueous extracts from leaves of well known species of the Lamiaceae family were examined for their potency to inhibit infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanistically, extract exposure of free virions potently and rapidly inhibited infection, while exposure of surface-bound virions or target cells alone had virtually no antiviral effect. (biomedcentral.com)
The failure to cure HIV is due to a reservoir of latently infected T cells formed in the acute phase of infection that re-establishes virus loads upon treatment interruption, thus necessitating lifelong therapy. (frontiersin.org)
Examine2
Because Gag interactions have proven difficult to examine in virions, a number of investigations have focused on the analysis of structures assembled in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
We have used electron microscope (EM) image reconstruction techniques to examine assembly products formed by two different CA variants of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV). (elsevierpure.com)
Avian1
PMID- 214398 TI - Characterization of an adenosine triphosphatase of the avian myeloblastosis virus and the virus-infected myeloblast. (nih.gov)
Belongs1
the genus foamy virus belongs to the latter subfamily. (medscape.com)
Similar1
Inoculation of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen from the patient into Vero cells identified a virus (NII561-2000) with similar properties to HPeVs. (cdc.gov)
Immunity2
PMID- 214405 TI - Long-term T-cell-mediated immunity to Epstein-Barr virus in man. (nih.gov)
The results strongly suggest that the regression phenomenon is an in vitro expression of long-term T-cell-mediated immunity to EB virus which the large majority, if not all, infected individuals possess. (nih.gov)
Expression1
Note that the expression "active in" does not always refer to the source organism of the promoter (e.g. in viruses). (expasy.org)
Distinct2
Neutralization test showed that the NII561-2000 virus had distinct antigenicity to HPeV-1, HPeV-2, and HPeV-3, and that the sequence was distinct from these types as well as from HPeV-4 and HPeV-5. (cdc.gov)
In addition, the NII561-2000 virus was genetically distinct from HPeV-4 and HPeV-5. (cdc.gov)
Human2
The determined amino acid sequence of the virus indicated that the isolate was a human parechovirus (HPeV), a member of Picornaviridae . (cdc.gov)
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was recently discovered in human prostate cancers and is the first gammaretrovirus known to infect humans. (nih.gov)