Vaccines antigens protozoan. Medical search. Frequent questions

Vaccine antigens bio-encapsulated in plant cells upon oral delivery after priming, conferred both mucosal and systemic immunity and protection against bacterial, viral or protozoan pathogens or toxin challenge. (upenn.edu)
The meeting was organized into 7 sessions on such topics as genetic and cellular mechanisms of carbohydrate immunity, carbohydrate antigens for vaccines, and new tools for studying carbohydrates. (cdc.gov)
Studies were also presented on novel molecules involved in the recognition of carbohydrate antigens such as specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-grabbing nonintegrins, which are C-type lectins that show substantial expression in many tissues, and toll-like receptors, which function as pattern recognition receptors for conserved pathogen structures and serve as key links between innate and adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)
Antibodies are unique among biomarkers in their ability to identify persons with protective immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases and to measure past exposure to diverse pathogens. (cdc.gov)
Antibody response provides an objective and sensitive way to uncover immunization coverage gaps or waning immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases ( 5 - 7 ) and monitor a population's exposure to malaria ( 8 ), enteric pathogens ( 9 - 12 ), and many NTDs ( 13 - 17 ). (cdc.gov)
Important differences between natural immunity and that induced by current candidate vaccines are discussed. (ox.ac.uk)
These antigens cause lymphocytes to respond in a specific way such that each antigen stimulates the production of a mirror-image antibody as well as non-antibody responses called cellular immunity. (omvs.ca)
Immunity has memory, so that a subsequent exposure to the same antigen results in a much more rapid response. (omvs.ca)
In a modified-live or live-attenuated vaccine the causative organism (virus, bacterium, etc.) has been altered so that it is no longer harmful or virulent but upon injection or other administration it will stimulate protective immunity. (omvs.ca)
CONCLUSIONS: The new Mce protein based vaccine provided significant immunity in goats as they could meet the challenge with live MAP bacilli. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: An understanding of the mechanisms mediating protective immunity against malaria in humans is currently lacking, but critically important to advance the development of highly efficacious vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
The opsonic phagocytosis assay appears to be a strong correlate of protection against malaria, a valuable biomarker of immunity, and provides a much-needed new tool for assessing responses to blood-stage malaria vaccines and measuring immunity in populations. (ox.ac.uk)
The use of polyprotein constructs in nonreplicating poxviruses should broaden the target antigen range of vaccine-induced immunity and increase the number of potential epitopes available for immunogenetically diverse human populations. (ox.ac.uk)
claim that the usage of like a live vaccine vector may represent a guaranteeing approach for enhancing the performance and protection of Nrp2 applicant live vaccines against attacks and possibly additional intracellular pathogens that T-cell mediated reactions are crucial for the introduction of protecting immunity. (bioxorio.com)
However utilization of bacterial or viral recombinant vectors as candidate vaccines in humans is hampered due to problems of either preexisting immunity or inefficient antigen delivery and safety issues. (bioxorio.com)
Live vaccines that comprise defined populations of oocysts are used routinely and this form of vaccination is based upon the long-established fact that chickens infected with coccidial parasites rapidly develop protective immunity against challenge infections with the same species. (ox.ac.uk)
No products are available and studies to identify potential antigens remain compromised by an absence of effective in vitro assays that correlate with the induction of protective immunity in the host. (ox.ac.uk)
If IG needs to be administered because of imminent exposure to disease, live virus vaccines may be administered simultaneously with IG recognizing that vaccine-induced immunity may be compromised. (cdc.gov)
In this case, your body will build immunity to the pathogen, such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa and parasitic worms. (water-for-health.co.uk)
chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox. (workflowdigital.com)
Hence, we evaluated the protective immunity of ME49Δ cdpk3 as a live attenuated vaccine against toxoplasmosis. (nature.com)
Isolating the specific antigen is impeded by the fact that several cellular and humoral mechanisms probably play a role in natural immunity to malaria - but as is shown later there may be an answer to the dilemma. (benjaminbarber.org)

With the development of latest transcriptomic and proteomic tools, recently a great dearth of information has been generated with respect to understanding the Plasmodium biology resulting in discovery of new vaccine candidate antigens and drug targets. (icgeb.org)
To screen for additional vaccine candidate antigens of Plasmodium pre-erythrocytic stages, fourteen P. falciparum proteins were selected based on expression in sporozoites or their role in establishment of hepatocyte infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Plasmodium invasion of red blood cells involves malaria proteins, such as reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (RH5), RH5 interacting protein (RIPR), cysteine-rich protective antigen (CyRPA), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2), all of which are blood-stage malaria vaccine candidates. (ox.ac.uk)
A Plasmodium falciparum candidate vaccine based on a six-antigen polyprotein encoded by recombinant poxviruses. (ox.ac.uk)
To generate broadly protective T cell responses more similar to those acquired after vaccination with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, we have constructed candidate subunit malaria vaccines expressing six preerythrocytic antigens linked together to produce a 3240-aa-long polyprotein (L3SEPTL). (ox.ac.uk)
The merozoite surface protein (MSP) 2 is a vaccine candidate antigen of Plasmodium falciparum that is polymorphic in natural populations. (ox.ac.uk)
We investigated the role of IL-6 on the ability of nine adjuvant formulations to induce antibody responses to the Plasmodium falciparum MSP1-19 malaria vaccine, using IL-6-/- (KO) mice. (nih.gov)
This study describes the identification of the Plasmodium vivax rhoptry antigen Pv34 whose sequence was obtained based on homology comparison with the Plasmodium falciparum Pf34. (ccb.org.co)
Characterizing PvARP, a novel Plasmodium vivax antigen por: Moreno Pérez, Darwin A, et al. (ccb.org.co)
Characterisation of the Plasmodium vivax Pv38 antigen por: Mongui, Alvaro, et al. (ccb.org.co)
Immunogenicity and protection-inducing ability of recombinant Plasmodium vivax rhoptry-associated protein 2 in Aotus monkeys: A potential vaccine candidate por: Rojas-Caraballo, Jose, et al. (ccb.org.co)
This parasitized blood sample was prepared, using the Plasmodium falciparum malarial antigen, and stained using the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) staining technique. (cdc.gov)

All pathogens leave behind immunologic footprints in the form of antibodies that last for months to years and can be detected by testing dried blood spots or serum samples against panels of well-defined antigens. (cdc.gov)
This study supports future blood-stage vaccine development by providing a solid methodology to evaluate additive and/or synergistic (or antagonistic) effect of vaccine-induced antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
Furthermore, we demonstrate that human antibodies against MSP2 and MSP3 that are strongly associated with protection in this population are effective in opsonic phagocytosis of merozoites, providing a functional link between these antigen-specific responses and protection for the first time. (ox.ac.uk)
They do not produce antibodies and they act against foreign agents or antigens in different ways. (freezingblue.com)
This protection was independent of that associated with antibodies to another vaccine candidate antigen (AMA1) in these populations. (ox.ac.uk)
The antibodies specifically bind to the antigens that induced the immune response. (cdc.gov)
The fluorescence indicates that the patient serum being tested contains antibodies that are reacting with the P. falciparum antigen preparation. (cdc.gov)

A number of presentations were focused on the role of CD1 proteins, which present lipid antigens (e.g., from mycobacteria or Francisella tularensis , a potential weapon of bioterrorism) to T cells. (cdc.gov)
Immunogenicity of the other six proteins (SPELD, ETRAMP10.3, SIAP2, SPATR, HT, RPL3) was analyzed by immunization of inbred BALB/c and outbred CD-1 mice with viral-vectored (ChAd63 or ChAdOx1, MVA) vaccines, followed by challenge with chimeric sporozoites. (ox.ac.uk)
Considering the high yield of target proteins, low cost of production, and feasibility of scaling up, E. coli is an outstanding expression platform to develop such vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
Advances in understanding underlying immune mechanisms are feasibale using a variety of candidate antigens, including attenuated live parasites, crude antigens, pure or recombinant Leishmania proteins, Leishmania genes encoding protective proteins, as well as immune system activators from the saliva of parasite vectors. (ac.ir)
Fernández-Robledo JA, Vasta GR (2010) Production of recombinant proteins from protozoan parasites. (springer.com)

In the meantime, control of avian coccidiosis by vaccination represents a major success in the fight against infections caused by parasitic protozoa. (ox.ac.uk)
The Apicomplexa are a diverse group of parasitic protozoa with very ancient phylogenetic roots. (uky.edu)

While studies of peptide and protein antigens have been facilitated by the rapid advances in genomics and proteomics, studies of sugar chains, which are abundantly expressed on the outer surfaces of viral, bacterial, protozoan, and fungal pathogens and on the membranes of mammalian cells, have not kept pace with technologic advances. (cdc.gov)
The design of optimal vaccines against such pathogens should include lipid and peptide antigens. (cdc.gov)
Robust disease surveillance is a cornerstone of global health efforts that range from detecting emerging pathogens and epidemics to the control or elimination of vaccine-preventable diseases, HIV, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) ( http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/9789241564540/en/ ) ( 2 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
The most important intestinal protozoan pathogens. (merckmanuals.com)
Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. (bvsalud.org)

Confirming the assembled chimeric VLP, we explored the immunogenic effectivity of the vaccine through mice immunization with two-dose vaccination with and without adjuvant. (bvsalud.org)
Heterologous immunization with defined RNA and subunit vaccines enhances T cell responses that protect against Leishmania donovani. (ac.ir)
Also, extensive evidence from studies in experimental models indicates that solid protection can be achieved by immunization with parasite and/or vector antigens. (fiocruz.br)
2014). Protective effect of intranasal immunization with Neospora caninum membrane antigens against murine neosporosis established through the gastrointestinal tract . (up.pt)
SCD patients should also receive counselling on hygiene, barrier protection against vectors, routine chemoprophylaxis for locally endemic diseases, and immunization for vaccine-preventable infections as a long-term preventive strategy against IAH. (bvsalud.org)

are obligate intraerythrocytic protozoans parasites that undergo a number of developmental stages in the vertebrate host and mosquito vectors. (icgeb.org)
Screening of viral-vectored P. falciparum pre-erythrocytic candidate vaccine antigens using chimeric rodent parasites. (ox.ac.uk)
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan Leishmania parasites that are transmitted through female sandfly bites. (ac.ir)
varieties are kinetoplastid protozoa and obligatory intracellular parasites that are sent to human beings from the bite of the infected phlebotomine fine sand soar. (bioxorio.com)
Populations of wild-type Eimeria parasites were the basis of the first live vaccines introduced around 50 years ago and the more recent introduction of safer, live-attenuated, vaccines has had a significant impact on coccidiosis control in many areas of the world. (ox.ac.uk)
The use of attenuated vaccines throughout the world has also stimulated a greater interest in the vaccines that comprise wild-type parasites and, during the past 3 years worldwide, around 3x10(9) doses of each type of vaccine have been used. (ox.ac.uk)
As an independant researcher of the Dr. Max Cloëtta Research Foundation, he had the opportunity to establish his own group investigating the molecular and cellular biology of protozoan parasites. (unil.ch)
Viruses of protozoan parasites and viral therapy: Is the time now right? (unil.ch)
Antigens are often foreign substances such as parts of invading bacteria, viruses or parasites. (cdc.gov)

Adding a protective vaccine to the existing control tools for malaria holds great promise yet no malaria vaccine has ever been licensed despite a large number of attempts. (ox.ac.uk)
These data suggest that an MSP2 based vaccine should be designed to induce high level antibody responses against the different MSP2 types present globally in P. falciparum populations and that MSP2 could be combined with other P. falciparum antigens to form a multi-component malaria vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
Anophels mosquito would also prove as an effective way of stopping disease transmission but the mosquito are also becoming resistant to insecticides and so again we must look to a vaccine as a solution Having read certain attempts at creating a malaria vaccine several points become clear. (benjaminbarber.org)

Subunit vaccine technologies are progressing rapidly with new delivery systems, vectors and antigens under evaluation as well as new polyepitope approaches. (ox.ac.uk)
This polyprotein was expressed by a plasmid DNA vaccine vector (DNA) and by two attenuated poxvirus vectors, modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and fowlpox virus of the FP9 strain. (ox.ac.uk)
Live recombinant vectors are central in the development of new vaccine strategies. (bioxorio.com)

In clinical trials in humans whole killed vaccines with BCG as an adjuvant failed to confer protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis (42 58 or visceral leishmaniasis (33). (bioxorio.com)
Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease that affects humans and dogs and is caused by protozoan species Leishmania infantum and Leishmania chagasi. (fiocruz.br)
However, the development of an effective toxoplasmosis vaccine in humans remains a challenge to date. (nature.com)
Evaluation of celular [sic] and humoral immune responses in vaccinated humans with different preparations of a vaccine made of killed promastigote strains of leishmania / Marco Victor Hermeto. (who.int)

Various foreign antigens from bacteria, viruses, and protozoa can be genetically inserted into such nanoparticles. (bvsalud.org)

Leishmaniasis are vector-borne diseases caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania, which cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and therefore constitute an important public health problem. (fiocruz.br)
12. Ajdary S, Riazi-Rad F, Alimohammadian MH, Pakzad SR. Immune response to Leishmania antigen in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. (ac.ir)

Parasitic infections due to protozoa and helminths are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. (merckmanuals.com)
Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. (strath.ac.uk)
An AMC is a legally-binding agreement for an amount of funds to subsidize the purchase, at a given price, of an as yet unavailable vaccine against a specific disease causing high morbidity and mortality in low-income countries. (who.int)

IFN-gamma-secreting T cells specific for each of the six antigens were induced after vaccination with L3SEPTL, supporting the use of polyprotein inserts to induce multispecific T cells against P. falciparum. (ox.ac.uk)

This invention relates to the development of a vaccine against theileria parva, which is a protozoan parasite infecting cattle in Africa. (go.ke)
2015). Immune response in the adipose tissue of lean mice infected with the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum . (up.pt)
[ 2 ] Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan hemoflagellate, is the parasite that causes this disease. (medscape.com)
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . (medscape.com)

Although Eimeria are effective immunogens, it is probable that to date none of the antigens that induce potent protective immune responses during the course of natural infection has been isolated. (ox.ac.uk)

Combination vaccination regimens, improved adjuvants and genetic engineering of antigens are all improving the immunogenicity of candidate vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
We also discuss particular difficulties in vaccination against malaria, the conduct of field trials of malaria vaccines in non-industrialised countries and the need for even greater co-operation between researchers. (ox.ac.uk)
Finally, the important concept of iterative vaccine development is raised and the prospects for effective malaria vaccination are discussed. (ox.ac.uk)
When considering vaccination under time restraints consider that the yellow fever vaccine and documentation are required for certain countries and is strongly recommended for those travelers to infected areas. (cdc.gov)
A single dose of vaccine will meet the country requirement and should be documented on a Certificate of Vaccination. (cdc.gov)
The complete vaccination schedule includes 2 doses of vaccine spaced 1 to 4 or more weeks apart. (cdc.gov)
No specific information on the safety of cholera vaccine and pregnancy is available, therefore vaccination should be avoided. (cdc.gov)
A long lasting immunological protection can be achieved with vaccination, however, a vaccine is not yet available. (scielo.org.co)

Vaccinations come in four forms: inactivated, live, toxoids and subunit vaccines. (water-for-health.co.uk)
New methods: subunit vaccines, anti-idiotype and DNA vaccines. (jinnah.edu)

A substance or combination of substances used in conjunction with a vaccine antigen to enhance (for example, increase, accelerate, prolong and/or possibly target) or modulate a specific immune response to the vaccine antigen in order to enhance the clinical effectiveness of the vaccine. (who.int)

BACKGROUND: Detection of an appropriate antigen with high immunogenicity can be a big step in the production of an effective vaccine for control of Johne's disease (JD). (bvsalud.org)
The effective immunogenicity due to VLP vaccines has been reported. (bvsalud.org)

However, there is still no vaccine against different types of human leishmaniasis. (ac.ir)
A third generation vaccine for human visceral leishmaniasis and post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis: First-in-human trial of ChAd63-KH. (ac.ir)
To date a couple of no tested vaccines against any type of leishmaniasis. (bioxorio.com)
The results of this study provide further proof that γGCS should be considered a candidate vaccine for leishmaniasis. (strath.ac.uk)
This review focuses on the strategies currently employed for the development of vaccines against visceral and cutaneous experimental leishmaniasis and the recent findings obtained in experimental models of infection. (fiocruz.br)
After malaria, leishmaniasis stands as the most important protozoan parasitic disease in the world, with 350 million people at risk on 5 continents in 98 countries and steadfastly listed in the top 10 most debilitating infectious diseases in the world (according to DALY units). (unil.ch)
10. Scott P, Artis D, Uzonna J, Zaph C. The development of effectors and memory T cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis: the implications for vaccine development. (ac.ir)
Leishmaniasis and other protozoan infections. (ac.ir)

Malaria is caused by parasitic protozoans that travel from host to host through mosquitoes. (jhunewsletter.com)

Killed vaccines often need a helper or adjuvant included in the vaccine to stimulate a longer-lasting immune response. (omvs.ca)
The utilization of adjuvant was suggested to assess the effect of adjuvant on improving the immune elicitation of chimeric VLP-based vaccine. (bvsalud.org)

MVAL3SEPTL boosted anti-thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (anti-TRAP) and anti-liver stage antigen 1 (anti-LSA1) CD8(+) T cell responses when primed by single antigen TRAP- or LSA1-expressing DNAs, respectively, but not by DNA-L3SEPTL. (ox.ac.uk)
The use of live attenuated preparations as candidate vaccines is very promising because they most closely mimic the natural course of infection and may therefore elicit similar immune responses. (bioxorio.com)
The efficacy of adjuvants in the IL-6 KO environment cannot be solely attributed to their ability to stimulate antigen-specific cellular responses, suggesting that other biological activities of IL-6 are also important. (nih.gov)
DETAILED DISEASE AND PREVENTION INFORMATION Simultaneous Administration of Vaccines Simultaneous administration of most inactivated vaccines has not resulted in impaired antibody responses or increased rates of adverse reactions. (cdc.gov)
These data demonstrated that ME49Δ cdpk3 inoculation induced effective cellular and humoral immune responses against acute and chronic Toxoplasma infections with various strains and was a potential candidate to develop a vaccine against toxoplasmosis. (nature.com)

What is a modified-live vaccine? (omvs.ca)
Joint treatment with IL-2-producing PODS® enhanced the protective effect of the live vaccine in L. donovani studies. (strath.ac.uk)
If IG administration becomes necessary after a live vaccine has been given, interference may occur, and thus the vaccine may have to be repeated after at least a 3 month wait. (cdc.gov)

Overview of Intestinal Protozoan and Microsporidia Infections Protozoa is a loose term for certain nucleated, unicellular organisms (eukaryotes) that lack a cell wall and are neither animals, plants, nor fungi. (merckmanuals.com)
Disease Specific Menu Cholera Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by VIBRIO CHOLERA O-group I. The current vaccines have shown a 50% effectiveness in reducing clinical illness for 3-6 months after administration, with the greatest effectiveness in the first 2 months. (cdc.gov)

Although the vaccine used in this study showed the high potential as a new effective vaccine for the control of JD, further validation study is still required to successfully implement the vaccine for JD control program. (bvsalud.org)
Hence, it seems that the key to disease control management is the introduction of an effective vaccine, particularly against its cutaneous form. (ac.ir)
An effective vaccine against canine VL may contribute to infection control and/or human and canine disease. (fiocruz.br)

Field Evaluation of Recombinant Antigen ELISA in Detecting Zoonotic Schistosome Infection Among Water Buffaloes in Endemic Municipalities in the Philippines. (obihiro.ac.jp)
Dr. Jenner discoveredthat people given a preparation or vaccine of material from the common cattle disease, cowpox or vaccinia, developed only a mild skin infection, but when those vaccinated individuals were exposed to the deadly smallpox virus (a virus closely related to cowpox) they remained healthy. (omvs.ca)
Protozoa can multiply in their human hosts, increasing in number to cause overwhelming infection. (merckmanuals.com)
There is no recommended vaccine to protect against infection. (strath.ac.uk)
Vaccines (eg, rotavirus) can help increase resistance to infection. (medscape.com)
Thus, the development of an effective toxoplasmosis vaccine is critical for limiting the infection of various Toxoplasma strains. (nature.com)

CONCLUSIONS: The results approved the successful production and the effectiveness of the vaccine in terms of humoral IgG antibody production. (bvsalud.org)

In the main part of the review, the recent rapid expansion in evaluation of candidate malaria vaccines in clinical trials across the world is discussed. (ox.ac.uk)
The most promising vaccine candidate is RTSS which is currently tested in various countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including two sites in Tanzania. (ox.ac.uk)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Mce-truncated protein as a subunit vaccine candidate for the control of JD in experimentally challenged goats. (bvsalud.org)
While researching current candidate vaccines I came across some which seemed more viable than others and I will briefly look at a few of these in this essay. (benjaminbarber.org)

Some vaccines are given locally, for example into the nose, but most require injection so that the maximum take-up of vaccine by the white cells and stimulation of the immune system is achieved. (omvs.ca)
In today's study we utilized a lizard parasitic protozoan that's not pathogenic to human beings could elicit a protecting immune system response against infectious problem. (bioxorio.com)
Antigens can be administered intravenously (IV), intramuscular or prophylactically, as a preventative measure in those with a weakened immune system. (water-for-health.co.uk)

So far, vaccines containing AMA1 alone have been unsuccessful in clinical trials. (ox.ac.uk)

Daniell H, Singh ND, Mason H, Streatfield SJ (2009) Plant-made vaccine antigens and biopharmaceuticals. (springer.com)

BACKGROUND: Virus-like particles are an interesting vector platform for vaccine development. (bvsalud.org)
Our review focuses on recent advances in the control and treatment of these diseases with particular reference to diagnosis, chemotherapy, vaccines, vector and environmental control. (who.int)

Whole microbes, microbial subunits and extracts, and peptide and protein antigens have been the focus of much vaccine research and development. (cdc.gov)
Following the extraction, the vaccine protein was purified using Ni2 + iminodiacetic acid (IDA) affinity chromatography. (bvsalud.org)

The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified. (bvsalud.org)

Building on the success of viral vaccines that are delivered via the embryonating egg, an in ovo coccidiosis vaccine (Inovocox, Embrex Inc.) is currently in development. (ox.ac.uk)
Viral vaccines. (agristudyinfo.com)

Protection was associated with a Th1 response in L. major and a mixed Th1/Th2 response in L. donovani, based on specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibody and cytokine production from in vitro proliferation assays using antigen-stimulated splenocytes. (strath.ac.uk)

This obligate intracellular protozoan causes significant economic losses and poses serious public health challenges worldwide. (nature.com)

doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.057. (nih.gov)

Understanding the mechanistic aspects of the genetic control and the cellular pathways of the immune response to bacterial carbohydrate antigens should provide insights into ways to enhance the immune response and thus facilitate vaccine development. (cdc.gov)
However, no research has been performed on the SARS-CoV2 vaccine within this unique platform through genetic engineering. (bvsalud.org)
Allied to some recent advances in transgenic technologies and genetic approaches to identify protective antigens, some elements are now being assembled that should be helpful for the development of a new generation of vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
are intracellular spore-forming organisms that used to be classified as protozoa, but genetic analysis indicates that they are fungi or closely related to them. (merckmanuals.com)

Presentations from several invited experts emphasized the current challenges facing the development of vaccines for meningococcal meningitis. (cdc.gov)
Development of vaccines against ticks and tick borne diseases. (researchgate.net)

Polysaccharide-based vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in disease-prevention strategies, e.g. (cdc.gov)
However, our understanding of several aspects of polysaccharide vaccines is limited, and more knowledge is needed to allow greater development and deployment. (cdc.gov)
Given that group B meningococcal capsular polysaccharide is similar to host molecules, studies are ongoing to identify vaccine candidates that elicit protective antibody without eliciting autoantibodies. (cdc.gov)

The efficacy of vaccine adjuvants can be influenced by the immunological environment of the host, depending on the mechanism(s) by which they exert their immunopotentiating activities. (nih.gov)
The safety and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine, DPT, and OPV or of hepatitis B and yellow fever administered simultaneously is similar to separate administrations of the vaccines. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy13

Organisms38

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs145

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes21

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care4

Immunity22

Plasmodium12

Antibodies7

Proteins5

Parasitic protozoa2

Pathogens5

Immunization5

Parasites9

Malaria vaccine3

Vectors3

Humans4

Bacteria1

Leishmania2

Morbidity and morta3

Falciparum1

Parasite4

Induce1

Vaccination8

Subunit vaccines2

Substances1

Immunogenicity2

Leishmaniasis8

Caused by parasitic1

Adjuvant2

Responses5

Live vaccine3

Intestinal2

Effective vaccine3

Infection6

Effectiveness of the vaccine1

Candidate4

Immune system3

AMA11

Biopharmaceuticals1

Vector2

Protein2

Nucleic Acids1

Viral vaccines2

Assays1

Intracellular protozoan1

10.10161

Genetic4

Development of vaccines2

Polysaccharide3

Efficacy2