- Phosphorylation of Syk Activation Loop Tyrosines Is Essential for Syk Function. (crossref.org)
- Tyrosine phosphorylation is considered to be one of the key steps in signal transduction and regulation of enzymatic activity. (wikipedia.org)
- Blockade of L-CaChs in muscle cultures inhibited agrin-induced AChR aggregation but not tyrosine phosphorylation of MuSK or AChR beta subunits. (nih.gov)
- Phosphorylation of receptor serine/threonine residues has been proposed to exert an inhibitory influence on receptor tyrosine kinase activity and Ser 1327 and Thr 1348 have been identified as specific sites of phosphorylation in the insulin receptor COOH terminal domain. (jci.org)
- In addition, a phosphotyrosine-specific antibody was used to monitor receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. (jci.org)
- Moreover, within each group there was no correlation between the level of tyrosine kinase activity and the extent of serine/threonine phosphorylation. (jci.org)
- It is concluded that the stoichiometry of serine/threonine phosphorylation of insulin receptor in vivo is low, and that increased phosphorylation of Ser 1327 or Thr 1348 is not responsible for the decreased insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity observed in the skeletal muscle of NIDDM patients. (jci.org)
- Upon cytokine stimulation, STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation (pYSTAT5) is transient, while in diverse neoplastic cells persistent overexpression and enhanced pYSTAT5 are frequently found. (nature.com)
- We found that O-GlcNAcylation and tyrosine phosphorylation act together to trigger pYSTAT5 levels and oncogenic transcription in neoplastic cells. (nature.com)
- The expression of a mutated hyperactive gain-of-function (GOF) STAT5 without O-GlcNAcylation resulted in decreased tyrosine phosphorylation, oligomerization and transactivation potential and complete loss of oncogenic transformation capacity. (nature.com)
- Our data show that O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5 is an important process that contributes to oncogenic transcription through enhanced STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation and oligomerization driving myeloid transformation. (nature.com)
- Cytokine binding to the cell surface leads to phosphorylation of the receptor complex by receptor associated Janus kinases (JAKs) at tyrosine residues. (nature.com)
- 7 The JAKs also trigger the activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5, causing parallel dimerization, nuclear translocation and tetramerization of STAT5. (nature.com)
- Protein tyrosine (pTyr) phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification which can create novel recognition motifs for protein interactions and cellular localisation, affect protein stability, and regulate enzyme activity. (embl.de)
- Consequently, maintaining an appropriate level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for many cellular functions. (embl.de)
- When we correlated protein phosphorylation levels with cellular oncogenic phenotypes, we observed a novel non-receptor tyrosine kinase, TNK2, to be hyperphosphorylated and activated in highly aggressive TNBC cells. (dtic.mil)
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) activated the FL receptor, as determined by tyrosine phosphorylation. (jneurosci.org)
- Subsequent studies have shown that, while binding of SH2 domains to their target proteins is strictly regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation, most PTB domains actually bind to their (nonphosphorylated) targets constitutively. (chemdiv.com)
- Together with PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE, it regulates tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in cellular signal transduction and may play a role in cell growth control and carcinogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
- Some of the tyrosine residues can be tagged (at the hydroxyl group) with a phosphate group (phosphorylated) by protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
- Tyrosine residues may also be modified by the addition of a sulfate group, a process known as tyrosine sulfation. (wikipedia.org)
- Those which bind phosphorylated tyrosine residues may recruit multi-phosphorylated substrates for the adjacent active domains and are more conserved, while the other class have accumulated several variable amino acid substitutions and have a complete loss of tyrosine binding capability. (embl.de)
- We observed that SOCS2 associates with activated FLT3 through phosphotyrosine residues 589 and 919, and co-localizes with FLT3 in the cell membrane. (lu.se)
- SH2 Homology Protein B (SHB) is a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that serves as a link between phosphotyrosine residues on multiple receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream signaling pathways. (rndsystems.com)
- However, the identity of the phosphotyrosine residues that PTP-PEST dephosphorylates remains unknown. (bvsalud.org)
- Orthologous to human ABL2 (ABL proto-oncogene 2, non-receptor tyrosine kinase). (nih.gov)
- A Role for the Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Abl2/Arg in Experimental Neuroinflammation. (nih.gov)
- The receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is of importance for proliferation, survival and differentiation of hematopoietic cells and is frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia. (lu.se)
- Here, we show that the non-receptor Src family tyrosine kinases, SRC64B and SRC42A, are involved in WNT5-mediated signaling through Derailed in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system. (biologists.com)
- The trk receptors, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases including trkA, trkB, and trkC, serve as the principal signal-transducing receptors for the neurotrophins ( Barbacid, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
- SOCS2 is known to regulate signal transduction by cytokine receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. (lu.se)
- Intracellular signaling pathways that involve protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are critical for the control of most cellular processes. (chemdiv.com)
- Both domains were initially identified as modules that recognize phosphorylated tyrosines in receptor tyrosine kinases and other signaling proteins. (chemdiv.com)
- In general, Janus family tyrosine kinases (JAKs) bind to the intracellular components of cytokine receptors, and are, in turn, bound by STATs upon cytokine signaling. (medscape.com)
- The receptor tyrosine kinases KIT and FLT3 are both important regulators of development and maintenance of a number of different cell types. (lu.se)
- Deregulation of these tyrosine kinases by mutations has been implicated in various human malignancies, including leukemia and melanoma. (lu.se)
- Flick MB, Sapi E, Perrotta PL, Maher MG, Halaban R, Carter D, Kacinski BM (1997) Recognition of activated CSF-1 receptor in breast carcinomas by a tyrosine 723 phosphospecific antibody. (springer.com)
- SH2 (Src homology region 2) and PTB (phosphotyrosine-binding) domains are small protein modules that mediate protein-protein interactions involved in many signal transduction pathways. (chemdiv.com)
- SHB is ubiquitously expressed and binds tyrosine kinase receptors such as FGF R1, VEGF R2, and PDGF R following their activation. (rndsystems.com)
- and protein tyrosine kinase activity. (nih.gov)
- The tyrosine kinase activity of insulin receptor isolated from the skeletal muscle of NIDDM patients has previously been found to be decreased compared with the activity of receptor from nondiabetic subjects but the mechanism underlying this defect is unknown. (jci.org)
- Study of tyrosine kinase activity in RPE cells with confocal microscopy. (molvis.org)
- and transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
- protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor. (wikigenes.org)
- Structural Basis for Phosphotyrosine Peptide Recognition by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. (molmovdb.org)
- Ottinger EA, Shekels LL, Bernlohr DA, Barany G (1993) Synthesis of phosphotyrosine-containing peptides and their use as substrates for protein tyrosine phosphatases. (springer.com)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. (antikoerper-online.de)
- Src homology region 2 (SH2)-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a nonreceptor phosphotyrosine phosphatase that promotes tumor progression in many types of cancer when activated by regulating the RAS signaling pathway. (scienceboard.net)
- The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to be activated by the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTP-PEST) under hypoxic conditions. (bvsalud.org)
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of the total acid phosphatase (TAP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes, as well as the possible correlation in the serum and in unstimulated whole saliva of children. (bvsalud.org)
- A tyrosine residue also plays an important role in photosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- EC 3.1.3.48 ) catalyse the removal of a phosphate group attached to a tyrosine residue, using a cysteinyl-phosphate enzyme intermediate. (embl.de)
- This PTP contains two tandem Src homology-2 domains, which function as phospho-tyrosine binding domains and mediate the interaction of this PTP with its substrates. (antikoerper-online.de)
- The cytoplasmic portion contains two phospho-tyrosine-phosphatase domains. (beckman.com)
- Identification of Bruton tyrosine kinase mutations in 12 Chinese patients with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia by long PCR-direct sequencing. (lu.se)
- This entry represents the PTPase domain found in several tyrosine-specific protein phosphatases (PTPases). (embl.de)
- While tyrosine is generally classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine. (wikipedia.org)
- Aside from being a proteinogenic amino acid, tyrosine has a special role by virtue of the phenol functionality. (wikipedia.org)
- It varies depending on an estimate method, however the ideal proportion of these two amino acids is considered to be 60:40 (phenylalanine:tyrosine) as a human body has such composition. (wikipedia.org)
- Mammals synthesize tyrosine from the essential amino acid phenylalanine (Phe), which is derived from food. (wikipedia.org)
- The activation loop tyrosine 823 is essential for the transforming capacity of the c-Kit oncogenic mutant D816V. (lu.se)
- The latex of Papaver somniferum, the opium poppy, has been shown to convert tyrosine into the alkaloid morphine and the bio-synthetic pathway has been established from tyrosine to morphine by using Carbon-14 radio-labelled tyrosine to trace the in-vivo synthetic route.Tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) is an enzyme in the natural phenols biosynthesis pathway. (wikipedia.org)
- Computational identification of phospho-tyrosine sub-networks related to acanthocyte generation in neuroacanthocytosis. (medscape.com)
- a growth factor, called ortho-phospho-tyrosine appears. (blogspot.com)
- 1] J. Schlessinger and M. A. Lemmon, "SH2 and PTB domains in tyrosine kinase signaling. (chemdiv.com)
- Phosphorylated STATs dimerize within the cytosol via their phosphotyrosines and Src-homology 2 (SH2) domains. (medscape.com)
- The extent of insulin-induced tyrosine autophosphorylation was decreased in receptor isolated from diabetic versus nondiabetic muscle, thus confirming earlier reports. (jci.org)
- In order to explore the role of tyrosine kinase signaling in TNBCs, we have performed global phosphotyrosine profiling for a panel of 25 TNBC cell lines. (dtic.mil)
- The screen for new phospho-tyrosine mimics binding to the SH2 domain of (pp60)src was initiated because of the limited cell penetration of phosphates. (rcsb.org)
- Porcine aortic endothelial cell, double-labeled for actin (green) and phospho-tyrosine (red). (weizmann.ac.il)