Tubulin cell biology microtubules. Medical search. Frequent questions

These filaments of the cytoskeleton typically form through polymerization of α- and β-tubulin dimers, the basic building blocks of the microtubule, which initially interact to nucleate a seed from which the filament elongates. (wikipedia.org)
Theskeleton that supports the structure of our cells, termed cytoskeleton is formed of several kinds of polymers including actin and microtubules. (dresdencondensates.org)
His study focuses on the intersection of Microtubule and fields such as Microtubule organizing center with connections in the field of Detyrosination and Cytoskeleton. (research.com)
FtsZ proteins can form filaments, rings, and other three-dimensional structures resembling the way tubulin forms microtubules, centrioles, and various cytoskeleton components. (opentextbc.ca)
Both FtsZ and tubulin are central to key cell biology processes - bacterial septation and cell division in the case of FtsZ and in the case of tubulins the function of microtubules necessary for mitosis and other key cytoskeleton-dependent processes in eukaryotes. (edu.sa)
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are major components of the mammalian cytoskeleton and expressed in cell-type-specific patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
Centrosomes nucleate the formation of the microtubule cytoskeleton in interphase cells and form the poles of the mitotic spindle during cell division. (elifesciences.org)
There are three types of fibers within the cytoskeleton: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules (Figure 4.5. (github.io)
The cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. (github.io)

In cell biology, microtubule nucleation is the event that initiates de novo formation of microtubules (MTs). (wikipedia.org)
Microtubule nucleation occurs spontaneously in vitro, with solutions of purified tubulin giving rise to full-length polymers. (wikipedia.org)
In vivo, cells get around this kinetic barrier by using various proteins to aid microtubule nucleation. (wikipedia.org)
The primary pathway by which microtubule nucleation is assisted requires the action of a third type of tubulin, γ-tubulin, which is distinct from the α and β subunits that compose the microtubules themselves. (wikipedia.org)
This complex, with its 13-fold symmetry, acts as a scaffold or template for α/β tubulin dimers during the nucleation process-speeding up the assembly of the ring of 13 protofilaments that make up the growing microtubule. (wikipedia.org)
Studies using Xenopus egg extracts have identified a novel form of microtubule nucleation that generates fan-like branching arrays, in which new microtubules grow at an angle off of older microtubules. (wikipedia.org)
This method of microtubule-dependent microtubule nucleation leads to rapid amplification in microtubule density. (wikipedia.org)
Through use of TIRF microscopy, researchers have visually observed the nucleation of branching microtubules in Drosophila cells during the formation of the mitotic spindle. (wikipedia.org)
Microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin complexes. (nih.gov)
Cdk5rap2's γTuNA domain increases MT nucleation in Xenopus egg extract and requires the universal MT template, the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC). (elifesciences.org)
Franck Perez mainly focuses on Cell biology, Microtubule, Tubulin, Microtubule nucleation and Astral microtubules. (research.com)
Franck Perez works mostly in the field of Microtubule nucleation, limiting it down to concerns involving Nocodazole and, occasionally, Golgi organization, Organelle and Subcellular localization. (research.com)
His studies deal with areas such as Astral microtubules and Microtubule nucleation as well as Microtubule. (research.com)
Recent findings by several groups have shown that the GTP-bound form of Ran is necessary for the nucleation and organization of microtubule structures during M phase. (silverchair.com)

We have previously shown that the benA 33 beta-tubulin mutation causes hyperstabilization of the mitotic spindle, and we have presented additional indirect evidence that suggested that the tubA1 and tubA4 alpha-tubulin mutations destabilize spindle MTs. (rupress.org)
Chromosome labelled with Hoechst (blue), the microtubule spindle by alpha-tubulin (green) and actin with phalloidin (magenta). (bscb.org)
Turnover of the carboxy-terminal tyrosine of alpha-tubulin and means of reaching elevated levels of detyrosination in living cells. (sysy.com)
Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK), alpha tubulin (×2), prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. (who.int)

We used immunofluorescent microscopy to characterize microtubule (MT) architecture in wild-type and mutant protoplasts of Aspergillus nidulans at interphase and at mitosis. (rupress.org)
In animal cells undergoing mitosis, a similar radial array is generated from two MTOCs called the spindle poles, which produce the bipolar mitotic spindle. (wikipedia.org)
Surface functions during mitosis I: phagocytosis, pinocytosis and mobility of surface bound Con A. Cell 15: 327-341. (uconn.edu)
But what all these life forms have in common is that their genetic code is copied from cell to cell thanks to the process of mitosis, whereby the nucleus of a cell splits into two before the cell divides. (visionlearning.com)
The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell splits into two identical daughter nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
The rate at which mitosis occurs depends on the cell type. (visionlearning.com)
As to be exceptional from the centrosome (a region of the cell next to the nucleus) the place where centrioles commonly live when the cell is not undergoing the mitosis. (vedantu.com)
Centrioles are absent from the cells of higher plants however regular mitosis takes place and with pleasant results. (vedantu.com)
Protein synthesis and the production of microtubules occurs during G2 phase, which is then followed by mitosis. (novusbio.com)
Mitosis is the briefest phase of the cell cycle, however is extremely important. (novusbio.com)
Moreover, the implication that the active form of Ran is concentrated in the vicinity of chromosomes suggests that these findings may resolve the long-standing question of how chromosomes can influence spindle assembly in the absence of microtubule-nucleating organelles (i.e., as in plant mitosis or mammalian meiosis). (silverchair.com)
Similar to these drugs, eribulin is a microtubule inhibitor that induces apoptosis of cancer cells by stopping mitosis in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle . (shu.edu)
Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, do not undergo mitosis and therefore have no need for a mitotic spindle. (opentextbc.ca)
Vinca alkaloids act on the G and S phases of mitosis, inhibiting microtubule formation and inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis. (medscape.com)

The γ-tubulin combines with several other associated proteins to form a conical structure known as the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC). (wikipedia.org)
Among its other functions, this radial array is used by microtubule-based motor proteins to transport various cargoes, such as vesicles, to the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Five proteins in Drosophila (DGT2 through DGT6) have been identified that are necessary and responsible for facilitating the localization of γ-tubulin to existing MTs and are not associated with its localization at the centrosome. (wikipedia.org)
This research utilises a novel labelling technique to identify if changes in the trafficking of key proteins can lead to major alterations in endothelial cell function - most particularly in blood vessel growth. (bscb.org)
Furthermore, there are important microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) projecting from one of the microtubule subunits. (cytochemistry.net)
They begin from centers which contain proteins needed for their formation (tubulin, etc. (cytochemistry.net)
Several different polycations have been found that can substitute for the microtubule-associated proteins, or tau factor, in facilitating assembly of tubulin that has been purified by ion exchange chromatography. (duke.edu)
The function of the nucleus is to regulate gene expression, including controlling which proteins the cell makes. (pressbooks.pub)
The division of a cell in two requires the assembly of the mitotic spindle, an extremely complex structure, which is the result of the coordinated action of a multitude of proteins and a finely tuned balance of their activities. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers describe for the first time where most microtubules form inside the mitotic spindle, how they develop, and how their starting points are transported -- with the help of three motor proteins -- to opposite poles of the spindle, where they attach. (sciencedaily.com)
The passage of a cell through the cell cycle is controlled by various cytoplasmic proteins in order to assure quality control. (novusbio.com)
During the G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle, the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery must tirelessly zigzag between the nucleus and cytoplasm while directing other proteins to the correct subcellular compartment. (silverchair.com)
Instead, Ran and its associated proteins shift their focus from nuclear transport to the regulation of microtubule dynamics. (silverchair.com)
Together, these proteins comprise an enzymatic cycle by which Ran binds GTP, hydrolyzes it to GDP (due to the activity of Ran-GAP1), releases the GDP (due to RCC1 activity), and rebinds GTP (due to the presence of a relatively high GTP concentration in the cell). (silverchair.com)
S-palmitoylated acetylated tubulin is colocalized with ceramide-rich platforms in the ciliary membrane, and it is coimmunoprecipitated with Arl13b, a GTPase that mediates transport of proteins into cilia. (uky.edu)
Formation of the FtsZ ring triggers the accumulation of other proteins that work together to recruit new membrane and cell-wall materials to the site. (opentextbc.ca)
While both proteins are found in extant organisms, tubulin function has evolved and diversified tremendously since the evolution from its FtsZ-like prokaryotic origin. (opentextbc.ca)
The origin and evolution of the homologous GTP-binding cytoskeletal proteins FtsZ typical of Bacteria and tubulin characteristic of eukaryotes is a major question in molecular evolutionary biology. (edu.sa)
Thus, both bacteria-like FtsZ and eukaryote-like tubulin cytoskeletal homologs occur in different species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia of domain Bacteria, a result with potential major implications for understanding evolution of tubulin-like cytoskeletal proteins and the origin of eukaryote tubulins. (edu.sa)
It has been suggested that synemin could function as a linker between different cytoskeletal components based on the fact that it interacts with several proteins involved in the organization of the costameres, neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions within striated muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)
When cells are about to divide, they make a new set of centrioles by assembling a variety of proteins. (elifesciences.org)
One implication is that regulation of Eg5 motile properties by regulatory proteins or small molecule inhibitors could also have effects on intracellular microtubule dynamics. (elsevierpure.com)
In contrast to intermediate filaments, which are composed of a variety of different fibrous proteins, microtubules are composed of a single type of globular protein, called tubulin. (github.io)
Cell proteins were analysed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (who.int)

Rather, we conclude that the distinct tubulin off-rate is the primary determinant of the difference between plus- and minus-end dynamics. (vanderbilt.edu)
Our results provide novel insight into the mechanisms of minus-end dynamics, essential for our understanding of microtubule minus-end regulation in cells. (vanderbilt.edu)
2009). γ-Tubulin ring complexes regulate microtubule plus end dynamics . (up.pt)
Microtubule dynamics and glutathione metabolism in phagocytizing human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (uconn.edu)
HALAVEN contains eribulin mesylate, a microtubule dynamics inhibitor. (shu.edu)
My laboratory aims to understand (i) the biochemical mechanisms of tubulin modification enzymes and how the complex patterns of tubulin posttranslational modifications observed in cells are generated by these enzyme families (ii) the effects of tubulin posttranslational modifications on the basic properties of the microtubule polymer: its mechanical properties and dynamics and (iii) the effects of tubulin modifications on the recruitment and function of cellular effectors. (nih.gov)
It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytoskeletal dynamics and spindle assembly during cell division. (irb.hr)

Akin to the action of cofilin in generating actin filament arrays, the severing of microtubules by MAPs creates new plus (+) ends from which microtubules can grow. (wikipedia.org)
Actin filaments can be seen permeating the microtubule-based spindle. (bscb.org)

The tubulin dimers that make up the polymers have an intrinsic capacity to self-aggregate and assemble into cylindrical tubes, provided there is an adequate supply of GTP. (wikipedia.org)
Tau concentrates the tubulin dimers, which in turn polymerize to make microtubules inside the tau droplet. (dresdencondensates.org)
A vinca alkaloid with a cytotoxic effect (as a result of causing mitotic arrest), vinblastine binds to a specific site on tubulin, prevents polymerization of tubulin dimers, and inhibits microtubule formation. (medscape.com)

Other cells, such as neurons, skeletal muscle cells, and epithelial cells, which do have MTOCs, possess arrays of microtubules not associated with a centrosome. (wikipedia.org)
In the cortical array of plants, as well as in the axons of neurons, it is theorised that microtubules nucleate from existing microtubules via the action of severing enzymes such as katanin. (wikipedia.org)
For these studies we use neurons that are maintained in cell culture as well as genetically-modified strains of mice that are at increased risk for developing neurodegenerative conditions analogous to those observed in humans. (uml.edu)
In addition, they affect non-dividing cells such as neurons, in which microtubules also have important functions. (sciencedaily.com)
Microtubules are mosaic polymers containing multiple tubulin isoforms functionalized with abundant posttranslational modifications that are asymmetrically distributed in neurons. (nih.gov)
Here, we show that in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, ceramide stabilizes microtubules, which indicates a similar function in cilia. (uky.edu)

In quiescent cells, centrioles dock at the plasma membrane and act as basal bodies that template the formation of cilia and flagella ( Breslow and Holland, 2019 ). (elifesciences.org)

Orthologous to human TUBGCP5 (tubulin gamma complex associated protein 5). (nih.gov)
Triclabendazole(CGA89317) is a benzimidazole, it binds to tubulin impairing intracellular transport mechanisms and interferes with protein synthesis. (chemspider.com)
In cell biology, a centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed in general of a protein known as tubulin. (vedantu.com)
The scientists have demonstrated that the protein γ-tubulin localizes at the starting points of the microtubule filaments and is relatively stably associated with these structures. (sciencedaily.com)
In the field of Cell biology, his study on Golgi apparatus and Transport protein overlaps with subjects such as Palmitoylation. (research.com)
His research related to Transport protein and Endosome might be considered part of Cell biology. (research.com)
The role of microtubules in secretory protein transport. (research.com)
However, the FtsZ protein that plays such a vital role in prokaryotic cytokinesis is structurally and functionally very similar to tubulin, the building block of the microtubules that make up the mitotic spindle fibers that are necessary for eukaryotes. (opentextbc.ca)
In this example, FtsZ is presumed to be similar to the ancestor protein to both the modern FtsZ and tubulin. (opentextbc.ca)
Using RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunostaining, we show that synemin M is present at both mRNA and protein levels in undifferentiated ES cells as early as pluripotency factor Oct-3/4 and IF keratin 8. (biomedcentral.com)
By performing cell biological and biochemical experiments using human cells, Moyer and Holland show that PLK4 interacts with a protein called STIL that is found in the central part of the centriole. (elifesciences.org)
The modification of STIL at a specific location by PLK4 was needed to link it to another protein in the outer wall of the centriole, and was also necessary for the cells to build new centrioles. (elifesciences.org)
protein patterns of subjects with leish- Cell culture maniasis [17]. (who.int)
Pemetrexed disrupts the folate-dependant metabolic processes important for cell replication, inhibits the enzymes involved in folate metabolism and DNA synthesis, and inhibits protein synthesis. (medscape.com)

Interactions of microtubule subunits and membranes followed by fluorescence techniques. (uconn.edu)
Microtubules are polymers composed of αβ-tubulin subunits that provide structure to cells and play a crucial role in in the development and function of neuronal processes and cilia, microtubule-driven extensions of the plasma membrane that have sensory (primary cilia) or motor (motile cilia) functions. (uky.edu)

In epithelial cells, CAMSAP3 acts as the non-centrosomal MTOC, and is localised to the apical membrane of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Microtubule membrane interaction fluorescence techniques. (uconn.edu)
They are made up of microtubules , as shown in this cartoon and are covered by an extension of the plasma membrane. (cytochemistry.net)
Note the numerous cilia projecting from the cell membrane (cm). (cytochemistry.net)
It has roles in cell division, membrane trafficking, and cell migration. (biologists.com)
The various areas that he examines in his Cell biology study include Secretion and Cell membrane. (research.com)
The study incorporates disciplines such as Cell growth, Glycosylation, Cell membrane, Enzyme and Glycosphingolipid in addition to Golgi apparatus. (research.com)
His Cell membrane research integrates issues from Endocytosis, Secretion assay and Focal adhesion. (research.com)
His Microtubule study integrates concerns from other disciplines, such as Focal adhesion, Exocytosis, Secretion assay, Secretion and Cell membrane. (research.com)
We discovered that acetylated tubulin in microtubules interacts with the membrane sphingolipid, ceramide. (uky.edu)
As the cell elongates, the growing membrane aids in the transport of the chromosomes. (opentextbc.ca)

Cilia and flagella are organized from centrioles that move to the cell periphery. (cytochemistry.net)
Like Cilia and Flagella, Centrioles are also made of microtubules. (cytochemistry.net)
Centrioles are determined in most eukaryotic cells, however are not current in conifers (Pinophyta), flowering flora (angiosperms), and most fungi. (vedantu.com)
Centrioles are usually made up of \[9\] sets of short microtubule triplets, organized in a cylinder. (vedantu.com)
The most important feature of centrioles is the production of cilia during the entire interphase, aster and cell spindle. (vedantu.com)
And centrioles are physical objects made up of matters known as microtubules. (vedantu.com)
And these centrioles are very vital for cell division. (vedantu.com)
So when the cell is going to divide, these centrioles go to the contrary ends of the nucleus. (vedantu.com)
Centrioles are paired barrel-shaped organelles placed in the cytoplasm of animal cells close to the nuclear envelope. (vedantu.com)
The centrioles play an important role in organizing microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system. (vedantu.com)
Animal cells use structures called centrioles to help them divide their sets of chromosomes accurately. (elifesciences.org)
if too many or too few centrioles are built, cell division errors can occur that lead to the generation of new cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes. (elifesciences.org)
Cells in which PLK4 was unable to modify STIL had too few centrioles when they were beginning to divide. (elifesciences.org)

In Microtubules and microtubule inhibitors. (uconn.edu)
Microtubule inhibitors such as taxanes (e.g. (shu.edu)
Because eribulin strongly binds only to this unique site involved in microtubule polymerization, eribulin produces antitumor activity at much lower drug concentrations than conventional microtubule inhibitors. (shu.edu)
Colchicine-like inhibitors that stabilize the bent conformation of tubulin allosterically inhibit Eg5 binding, consistent with a model in which Eg5 induces a curved-to-straight transition in tubulin. (elsevierpure.com)

The γ-TuRC is typically found as the core functional unit in a microtubule organizing center (MTOC), such as the centrosome in some animal cells or the spindle pole bodies in fungi and algae. (wikipedia.org)
The γ-TuRCs in the centrosome nucleate an array of microtubules in interphase, which extend their (+)-ends radially outwards into the cytoplasm towards the periphery of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
The centrosome is the most common MTOC for multipotent cells in animals, with differentiated tissues utilising a wide variety of non-centrosomal MTOCs. (wikipedia.org)
Predicted to be active in centrosome and equatorial microtubule organizing center. (nih.gov)
The centrosome cycle (1 or 2 MTOC indicates microtubule organizing centers) is shown to be coordinated with the DNA/chromosome cycle (2N or 4N DNA content). (shu.edu)

Taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) bind to the inner surface of microtubules and promote microtubule lengthening (polymerization), while inhibiting microtubule shortening (depolymerization). (shu.edu)
Mitotic kinesin-5 (Eg5) motors promote microtubule polymerization through an unknown mechanism. (elsevierpure.com)

In vitro, both microtubule ends switch between phases of assembly and disassembly, a behavior called dynamic instability. (vanderbilt.edu)
Taxol is a low molecular weight plant derivative which enhances microtubule assembly in vitro and has the unique ability to promote the formation of discrete microtubule bundles in cells. (rupress.org)
Tritium-labeled taxol binds directly to microtubules in vitro with a stoichiometry approaching one (Parness, J., and S. B. Horwitz, 1981, J. Cell Biol. (rupress.org)

Dr. Roll-Mecak is the recipient of several awards, including a Burroughs Wellcome Career Award, a Pathway to Independence Award from the NIH, a Searle Scholar Award, the 2015 Margaret Dayhoff Award from the Biophysical Society, the 2016 Emerging Leader Prize from the American Society for Cell Biology and was the 2017 Keith R. Porter fellow. (nih.gov)

These mechanisms drive much of the self-organisation behaviour of eukaryotic cells and understanding them is important both for fundamental science and for the development of improved chemical biology approaches to a range of important medical and agricultural problems. (warwick.ac.uk)
Most eukaryotic cells contain just a single nucleus, but some types of cells (such as red blood cells) contain no nucleus and a few other types of cells (such as muscle cells) contain multiple nuclei. (pressbooks.pub)
The cellular cycle of eukaryotic cells consists of four phases: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase and M phase. (novusbio.com)
In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the outcome of cell reproduction is a pair of daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. (opentextbc.ca)

And those mitotic spindles go and then attach to each and every one of the chromosomes and pull the chromosomes to the opposite ends of the cell. (vedantu.com)
Using a version of γ-tubulin that carries a fluorescent label activated by laser light, the researchers were able to follow the movement of the starting points of microtubules within mitotic spindles by filming dividing human cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Eribulin exerts its effects via a tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism leading to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage. (shu.edu)
The role of microtubule pivoting in formation of complex structures such as microtubule bundles and mitotic spindles. (irb.hr)

Taxol binds to cellular microtubules. (rupress.org)
3H]Taxol binds to the macrophagelike cell line, J774.2, in a specific and saturable manner. (rupress.org)
This strongly suggests that taxol binds specifically to cellular microtubules. (rupress.org)
In contrast, eribulin binds to only microtubule plus ends and inhibits only microtubule lengthening (polymerization), without affecting shortening (depolymerization). (shu.edu)
Because eribulin selectively binds with highly affinity to only microtubule plus ends, a small number of molecules can exert antitumor effect through microtubule inhibition. (shu.edu)
Eg5 binds preferentially to microtubules over free tubulin, which contrasts with microtubule-depolymerizing kinesins that preferentially bind free tubulin over microtubules. (elsevierpure.com)

Interphase cells exhibited an extensive network of cytoplasmic MTs. (rupress.org)
The early cells of the pre-implantation mouse embryo utilise a unique non-centrosomal MTOC, in the form of an interphase microtubule bridge joining sister cells. (wikipedia.org)
This interphase bridge organises the microtubules of both cells, and uses CAMSAP3 to bind microtubule minus ends. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosomes are made of a material called chromatin, which is dispersed throughout the cell nucleus during interphase. (visionlearning.com)

Journal of Cell Biology, 187 (3), 327 - 334. (up.pt)
Journal of Cell Biology, 184 (5), 647 - 657. (up.pt)
Journal of Cell Biology, 201 (3), 385 - 393. (up.pt)

In Oct 2014, I became a Wellcome Investigator, and have used this opportunity to focus the lab more tightly around its core long-term interest of kinesin-microtubule interaction mechanisms. (warwick.ac.uk)

Here, we characterize the Eg5 microtubule polymerase mechanism by assessing motor-induced changes in the longitudinal and lateral tubulin-tubulin bonds that form the microtubule lattice. (elsevierpure.com)

BST06 )) or a tubulin polymerization buffer in the form of glycerol containing G-PEM (PEM plus 1 mM GTP (Cat. (cytoskeleton.com)
Vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, etc.) bind to microtubule plus ends and the outer surface of microtubules, inhibiting microtubule lengthening (polymerization) as well as shortening (depolymerization) (Figure 2B). (shu.edu)
Besides sliding apart antiparallel microtubules during spindle elongation, the mitotic kinesin-5, Eg5, promotes microtubule polymerization, emphasizing its importance in mitotic spindle length control. (elsevierpure.com)

Thus, there must be specific cellular mechanisms which are required for bundle formation, in addition to the direct binding of taxol to cytoplasmic microtubules. (rupress.org)

We now report studies in cells on the binding of [3H]taxol and the formation of microtubule bundles. (rupress.org)
Conditions which depolymerize microtubules in intact and extracted cells as determined by tubulin immunofluorescence inhibit the binding of [3H]taxol. (rupress.org)

The nanotube bundles are similar to the size of microtubules that form the mitotic spindle and may be incorporated into the mitotic spindle apparatus. (cdc.gov)

In addition, both FtsZ and tubulin employ the same energy source, GTP (guanosine triphosphate), to rapidly assemble and disassemble complex structures. (opentextbc.ca)

Microtubules act both as dynamic structural elements and as tracks for intracellular transport. (nih.gov)

Scientists in the preceding years had already been seeing faint structures in cells , but their dyes were not good enough to reveal what any of these structures did. (visionlearning.com)
Throughout the 19th century, as microscopes developed, scientists had been seeing clues of structures in dividing cells of eukaryotes . (visionlearning.com)
Unfortunately, the dyes killed the cells, and since the structures under the microscope were difficult to see as it was, Flemming's forerunners weren't sure they were seeing anything characteristic of a live, functional cell. (visionlearning.com)
In no other cell type is this requirement more critical than in the neuron where complex structures are generated during process growth and elaboration and cargo is transported over distances several thousand times the cell body diameter. (nih.gov)
FtsZ and tubulin are an example of homology, structures derived from the same evolutionary origins. (opentextbc.ca)
These structures give the cell its shape and help organize the cell's parts. (github.io)

Cilia and flagella are projections from the cell. (cytochemistry.net)
The primary purpose of cilia in mammalian cells is to move fluid, mucous, or cells over their surface. (cytochemistry.net)
Cilia and flagella move because of the interactions of a set of microtubules inside. (cytochemistry.net)
Two of these microtubules join to form one doublet in the cilia or flagella This is shown in the middle panel. (cytochemistry.net)
Below is another micrograph of the cell surface showing a number of cilia. (cytochemistry.net)
To stabilize microtubules in neuronal processes and cilia, α tubulin is modified by the posttranslational addition of an acetyl group, or acetylation. (uky.edu)
Using proximity ligation assays, we detected complex formation of ceramide with acetylated tubulin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella and cilia of human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells, primary cultured mouse astrocytes, and ependymal cells. (uky.edu)
Inhibition of S-palmitoylation with 2-bromo palmitic acid or inhibition of ceramide biosynthesis with fumonisin B1 reduces formation of the Arl13b-acetylated tubulin complex and its transport into cilia, concurrent with impairment of ciliogenesis. (uky.edu)

In Cell Division I: The Cell Cycle , we learned that Flemming observed how chromosomes became visible in patterns that repeated each time the cells of fire salamanders divided. (visionlearning.com)
Simultaneous to this process, the opposite ends of the filaments extend towards the cell centre, where they interact with chromosomes. (sciencedaily.com)
When the spindle is finally assembled, the microtubules pull the chromosomes to opposite poles and initiate the physical division of the cell. (sciencedaily.com)
After the chromosomes have cleared the midpoint of the elongated cell, cytoplasmic separation begins. (opentextbc.ca)
Each cell in our bodies contains over two meters of DNA, which is divided into 46 packages of information called chromosomes. (elifesciences.org)
This means that they also need to copy all of their DNA and then deliver identical sets of chromosomes to each new cell. (elifesciences.org)

2006). The Drosophila γ-tubulin small complex subunit Dgrip84 is required for structural and functional integrity of the spindle apparatus . (up.pt)
The results suggest the functional as well as structural homology of the V. spinosum FtsZ to the FtsZs of other Bacteria implying its involvement in cell septum formation during division. (edu.sa)
Development in the area of structural biology methods combined with new computational possibilities has highlighted the importance of combining different methods in order to maximize the output. (lu.se)
With the rapid progress and improvements in the fields of macromolecular crystallography, Cryo-EM, small angle scattering, electron diffraction and use of XFELs, the new LINXS theme INTEGRATIVE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY is formed to advance cutting-edge research and to encourage new users to utilize integrative structure biology to address key scientific questions. (lu.se)
Both experienced specialists and researchers with more recently established interests in integrative structural biology are expected to greatly benefit from the symposium. (lu.se)

Confocal microscopy demonstrated nanotube s within the nucleus that were in association with cellular and mitotic tubulin as well as the chromatin. (cdc.gov)
Under conditions favorable to microtubule assembly the entire pellet is seen by electron microscopy to consist of 'double wall microtubules', which are essentially identical to normal microtubules in subunit structure and arrangement. (duke.edu)

The different expression of isoforms H, M and L of synemin in the nervous system raises several questions about the regulation of synemin gene expression during the determination of glial and neuronal cell lineages in the central and the peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS). (biomedcentral.com)

Gamma-tubulin complexes and their interaction with microtubule-organizing centers. (nih.gov)

To examine the potential of nanotube s to induce genetic damage in normal lung cells, cultured primary and immortalized human airway epithelial cells were exposed to SWCNT or a positive control, vanadium pentoxide. (cdc.gov)
For example, epithelial cells protect the surface of the body and cover the organs and body cavities within. (infolearners.com)
Tubulin detyrosination promotes monolayer formation and apical trafficking in epithelial cells. (sysy.com)

There are three types of spindle microtubules: the kinetochore microtubules (K), polar microtubules (P), and astral microtubules (A). (github.io)

In the autumn of 2020 I started my PhD at EMBL Heidelberg in the group of Gautam Dey, that studies the cell biology of the nucleus in an evolutionary context. (bscb.org)

Molecular Biology of the Cell, 17 (1), 272 - 282. (up.pt)
I obtained my Master's degree in molecular and cellular biology from the University of Heidelberg. (bscb.org)
I am a fourth year Dynamic Molecular Cell Biology PhD student at the University of Bristol. (bscb.org)
I did my PhD work at Nottingham and my postdoctoral training as an EMBO Fellow with Vic Small at the IMB in Salzburg and as an MDA Fellow with John Kendrick Jones at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, working on the myosin II mechanism. (warwick.ac.uk)
Molecular Biology of the Cell 28 (25), pp. 3564-3572. (bbk.ac.uk)
Molecular Imaging and Biology. (elsevierpure.com)
All these diseases and disorders are caused by problems at a cell or molecular level. (infolearners.com)

Assembly of gamma-tubulin ring complexes: implications for cell biology and disease. (nih.gov)
Gamma-tubulin complexes: size does matter. (nih.gov)

J Cell Biol (1984) 99 (3): 830-838. (rupress.org)
Trends Cell Biol, 1999 Sep. (nih.gov)
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2011 Oct 12. (nih.gov)
J Cell Biol (1982) 94 (3): 688-696. (rupress.org)
J. Cell Biol. (uconn.edu)
J Cell Biol (1999) 146 (6): 1205-1210. (silverchair.com)
Mol Biol Cell. (nih.gov)

A basic understanding of cell biology including genetics will be as important as having some knowledge about computers and the Internet. (infolearners.com)

Present address: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. (biologists.com)

This cap provides both stability and protection to the microtubule (-) end from enzymes that could lead to its depolymerization, while also inhibiting (-) end growth. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, we propose a microtubule polymerase mechanism in which Eg5 at the plus-end promotes a curved-to-straight transition in tubulin that enhances lateral bond formation and thereby promotes microtubule growth and stability. (elsevierpure.com)

These branching microtubules maintain the same polarity as their mother microtubules, and their assembly involves the binding of non-centrosomal γ-TuRCs to the sides of existing microtubules through the augmin complex. (wikipedia.org)
Effect of glutathione-oxidizing agents on microtubule assembly and microtubule-dependent surface properties of human neutrophils. (uconn.edu)
Scholars@Duke publication: Polycation-induced assembly of purified tubulin. (duke.edu)
When assembly is inhibited approximately the same amount of tubulin is pelleted, but it is in the form of clusters of curved sheets or filaments apparently related to tubulin rings. (duke.edu)
When conditions are changed to favor assembly, the tubulin within these clusters appears to reassemble to form the double wall microtubules. (duke.edu)
By labelling the ends of thousands of these fine filaments, which are indispensable and extremely dynamic and variable, we have finally been able to follow their distribution and movement during the assembly of the mitotic spindle," explains Jens Lüders, a cell biologist from the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). (sciencedaily.com)
We propose that procentriole assembly requires PLK4 to phosphorylate STIL in two different regions: phosphorylation of residues in the STAN motif allow STIL to bind SAS6 and initiate cartwheel assembly, while phosphorylation of S428 promotes the binding of STIL to CPAP, linking the cartwheel to microtubules of the centriole wall. (elifesciences.org)
propose a model in which Eg5 binding to tubulin promotes a curved-to-straight transition that drives microtubule assembly. (elsevierpure.com)

My lab focuses on the force generating mechanisms of kinesins and their microtubule tracks. (warwick.ac.uk)

Dynamic organization of microtubule minus ends is vital for the formation and maintenance of acentrosomal microtubule arrays. (vanderbilt.edu)

Current Biology, 21 (21), 1845 - 1851. (up.pt)
Current Biology , 30 (17) , pp. (warwick.ac.uk)
Current Biology , 29 (14), 2259-2269.e4. (elsevierpure.com)

His Endoplasmic reticulum study combines topics in areas such as MAP1LC3B, Microtubule, Neuroscience and Avidin. (research.com)

Effects of mitotic and tubulin mutations on microtubule architecture in actively growing protoplasts of Aspergillus nidulans. (rupress.org)
Mutations in α-tubulin confer dinitroaniline resistance at a cost to m" by Christopher Ma, Catherine Li et al. (wustl.edu)
MCPH is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern in which both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (biomedcentral.com)

In 2010 I moved with a group of younger colleagues to Warwick Medical School to found a new Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology (CMCB), aiming to integrate biophysical and cell biological approaches to the mechanisms of life. (warwick.ac.uk)

Together with dynactin, dynein regulates centrosomal orientation to establish and maintain cell polarity, controls focal adhesion turnover and anchors microtubules at the leading edge. (biologists.com)

The in vivo visualization and monitoring of the starting points of microtubules -- filaments responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle -- provides novel insight into the dynamic architecture of this structure. (sciencedaily.com)

Dr. Roll-Mecak is the Senior Investigator and Chief of the Unit of Cell Biology and Biophysics at the National Institutes of Health. (nih.gov)

Eribulin inhibits the growth phase of microtubules without affecting the shortening phase and sequesters tubulin into nonproductive aggregates. (shu.edu)

His Tubulin research is multidisciplinary, relying on both Cell culture and In vivo. (research.com)
CLIP-170 highlights growing microtubule ends in vivo. (research.com)
Our in vivo analysis also confirmed the expression of synemins H/M in multipotent neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the adult brain, a neurogenic germinal niche of the mice. (biomedcentral.com)

Medulloblastoma is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "an embryonal neuroepithelial tumor arising in the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem, presenting mainly in childhood and consisting of densely packed small round undifferentiated cells with mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism and high mitotic count. (medscape.com)

The cell division process of prokaryotes, called binary fission, is a less complicated and much quicker process than cell division in eukaryotes. (opentextbc.ca)
A survey of cell-division machinery in present-day unicellular eukaryotes reveals crucial intermediary steps to the complex mitotic machinery of multicellular eukaryotes. (opentextbc.ca)

The kinetics barriers of such a process, however, mean that the rate at which microtubules spontaneously nucleate is relatively low. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy49

Organisms27

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs73

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes60

Disciplines and Occupations12

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Humanities2

Information Science7

Health Care3

Cytoskeleton9

Nucleation14

Alpha-tubulin4

Mitosis14

Proteins24

Dynamics8

Actin2

Dimers3

Neurons6

20191

Protein14

Subunits2

Membrane11

Centrioles13

Inhibitors4

Centrosome5

Promote microtubule2

Vitro3

20171

Eukaryotic cells4

Mitotic spindles4

Binds6

Interphase4

Journal of Cell Biology3

Kinesin-microtubule1

Lattice1

Polymerization3

Cytoplasmic microtubules1

Taxol2

Bundles1

Guanosine Triphosphate1

Intracellular transport1

Structures6

Cilia8

Chromosomes6

Structural5

Microscopy2

Neuronal1

Centers1

Epithelial cells3

Astral1

20201

Molecular7

Complexes2

Biol7

Genetics1

Department of Cell and Developmental Biology1

Stability2

Assembly8

Kinesins1

Minus ends1

Current Biology3

Neuroscience1

Mutations3

Mechanisms1

Polarity1

Filaments1

Roll-Mecak1

Inhibits1

Vivo3

Organization1

Eukaryotes2

Nucleate1