Transcription factors. Medical search. Frequent questions

In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Their regulation may be carried out either through direct binding to DNA as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or via modulation in an indirect manner of signaling pathway molecules (e.g., protein kinase C) and other transcription factors (nuclear factor kappa B and sterol regulatory element binding protein). (springer.com)
Bacteria often can't support over-expression needed to get workable quantities of protein for an assay, and in vitro expression often can't synthesize a fully functional transcription factor. (genomeweb.com)
That year, the two published a paper in Science describing a method to trap low-affinity DNA-protein interactions, specifically those of transcription factors. (genomeweb.com)
The encoded protein contains two different binding sites that are known to bind DNA and function as a regulator of gene transcription. (biolegend.com)
STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
GS-002 also induced endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress as evidenced by increases in ER stress-responsive proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2 α ), phosphorylated protein endoplasmic-reticular-resident kinase (PERK), and ATF-3. (hindawi.com)
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA to promote or suppress protein production. (mit.edu)
Since almost all diseases involve disruption of the protein-production process, transcription factors are promising biological targets for drugs - and could even serve as drugs themselves. (mit.edu)
The leading method for determining how transcription factors behave in living cells is to chop up the DNA from millions of cells and use protein antibodies to extract the fragments that have a particular transcription factor attached to them. (mit.edu)
But determining transcription factors' precise binding sites is just the first step in understanding their role in protein production. (mit.edu)
A cardiomelic developmental field has also been postulated to relate the genetic heterogeneity of HOS (and other similar syndromes) to a cascade of molecules, including the brachyury, sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, retinoic acid receptor, and transforming growth factor beta families. (medscape.com)

Here we show that the T-box transcription factor Brachyury induces in tumor cells epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important step in the progression of primary tumors toward metastasis. (jci.org)
The signal transduction network induces transcription factor interactions, both off DNA and upon assembly at specific regulatory elements. (hstalks.com)
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in naive T cells induces expression of the transcription factor Foxp3, a 'master' regulator of regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells). (nih.gov)

A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. (yeastgenome.org)
In particular, mutations in DNA binding sites recognized by transcription factors can alter regulator binding affinities and, consequently, expression of target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
The type I IFN signaling pathway includes toll-like receptor 3 ( TLR3 ) and interferon regulator factor 7 ( IRF7 ). (cdc.gov)

Transcription factors bind to either enhancer or promoter regions of DNA adjacent to the genes that they regulate. (wikipedia.org)
Other transcription factors differentially regulate the expression of various genes by binding to enhancer regions of DNA adjacent to regulated genes. (wikipedia.org)
One of the great missing pieces in our understanding of gene expression is how transcription factors regulate and control it in an orchestrated fashion. (genomeweb.com)
NAC transcription factors regulate the stress response in plants. (frontiersin.org)
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of genes, or the production of mRNA from DNA. (biolegend.com)
A new method identifies the precise binding sites of transcription factors - proteins that regulate the production of other proteins - with 10 times the accuracy of its predecessors. (mit.edu)

To describe the clinical phenotype and genetic basis of non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in one family and two sporadic cases with biallelic mutations in the transcription factor neural retina leucine zipper ( NRL) . (molvis.org)
Upstream transcription factor (USF) 1 belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family and serves as a cellular transcription factor (TF). (spandidos-publications.com)

Furthermore, genes are often flanked by several binding sites for distinct transcription factors, and efficient expression of each of these genes requires the cooperative action of several different transcription factors (see, for example, hepatocyte nuclear factors). (wikipedia.org)
Thus, herein we provide first evidence that neuronal motility not only depends on cytoplasmic actin dynamics but also on the availability of actin to modulate nuclear functions such as gene transcription. (jneurosci.org)
Cell reprogramming can be achieved experimentally in different ways, including nuclear transfer, cell fusion or expression of transcription factors. (lu.se)

This gene encodes transcription factor 4, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. (nih.gov)
This gene encodes a member of the Sp subfamily of Sp/XKLF transcription factors. (nih.gov)
This gene encodes for a bHLH transcription factor, which inhibits osteogenic differentiation by transc. (uni-marburg.de)
The responsible gene has been mapped to band 12q24.1, which encodes the human transcription factor TBX5. (medscape.com)

Knowledge of the mechanisms by which fatty acids control specific gene expression may identify important risk factors for cancer and provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies for a better management of whole body lipid metabolism. (springer.com)
The Research Group led by Michael Potente at the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research has now discovered a molecular switch that is involved in blood vessel growth and coordinates the division and metabolism of endothelial cells: the transcription factor FOXO1, which controls how genes are read in the cell nucleus. (medicalxpress.com)

Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)

All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
Once the transcription factor binds to an enhancer region, this can cause stimulation or repression of gene transcription. (biolegend.com)
For instance, a previous study by the authors validated that USF1 binds to the core promoter of APOBEC3G and increases its transcription level in hepatocytes ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
While the DNA sequence that a transcription factor binds to consists of only about six to 12 DNA letters, the fragment extracted by the antibody could be a couple of hundred letters long. (mit.edu)
Activated calcineurin dephosphorylates the transcription factor (TF) Crz1, which moves to the nucleus and binds to calcineurin/Crz1 responsive gene promoters. (figshare.com)

We show that these signatures allow transcription factors with substantial differences in binding site specificity to share similar promoter specificities. (nih.gov)

The number of transcription factors found within an organism increases with genome size, and larger genomes tend to have more transcription factors per gene. (wikipedia.org)
There are approximately 2800 proteins in the human genome that contain DNA-binding domains, and 1600 of these are presumed to function as transcription factors, though other studies indicate it to be a smaller number. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, approximately 10% of genes in the genome code for transcription factors, which makes this family the single largest family of human proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, the combinatorial use of a subset of the approximately 2000 human transcription factors easily accounts for the unique regulation of each gene in the human genome during development. (wikipedia.org)
In terms of predicting where in the genome the transcription factors bind, the models we're able to derive seem to be, in general, actually better than the other assays. (genomeweb.com)
But there are likely thousands of transcription factors in humans, each of which might bind to the genome at tens of thousands of different locations. (mit.edu)
Previously, there was no cost-effective way to figure out exactly where transcription factors bind - which exact DNA letters in a given stretch of genome each of them attaches to. (mit.edu)
In the easy case, their new technique identified the precise locations at which transcription factors bound to the genome with more than 90 percent accuracy, while the accuracy of existing techniques was about 10 percent or less. (mit.edu)
Sequencing the fragments can determine where in the genome they came from, but it offers little information about where on the fragment the transcription factor is attached. (mit.edu)
They then use that initial, rough guess about common sequences to predict where, throughout the entire genome, the transcription factor would bind, then compare those predictions to the experimental data on where the factor actually did bind. (mit.edu)

We illustrate how spatial information dictating the positioning and density of binding sites can in principle increase the information available to the organism for differentiating a transcription factor's true targets, and we indicate how this information could potentially be leveraged for the same purpose in bioinformatic analyses. (nih.gov)

TFs work alone or with other proteins in a complex, by promoting (as an activator), or blocking (as a repressor) the recruitment of RNA polymerase (the enzyme that performs the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA) to specific genes. (wikipedia.org)
An arrayed collection of siRNA reagents for RNAi screening, targeting human genes involved with transcription factors ON-TARGET plus siRNA is guaranteed to silence, and is modified to reduce off-targets for fewer false positives. (horizondiscovery.com)
Transcription factors perform this function alone, or with other proteins in a complex, by promoting (as an activator) or blocking (as a repressor) the recruitment of RNA polymerase to specific genes. (horizondiscovery.com)
The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
An activating transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of genes including C-JUN GENES and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA2. (umassmed.edu)
We also identified over a dozen of genes encoding TFs that are likely under the control of Crz1, suggesting a possible mechanism for amplification of the signal at the transcription level. (figshare.com)

The transcription factors bind to any number of DNA motifs in the library, those interactions are trapped, and then the readout matches up each motif with the transcription factor via the barcode. (genomeweb.com)
To understand the DNA recognition mechanism of zinc finger motifs of transcription factor Sp1, we have determined the solution structure of DNA-binding domain of the Sp1 by solution NMR techniques. (rcsb.org)
Here we present analysis of transcription factor binding motifs co-localized with non-coding variants. (biomedcentral.com)
Further analysis of transcription factors with conserved binding motifs can reveal cell regulatory pathways crucial for the survivability of various human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
If anyone knows of somewhere I could download a whole bunch on known binding sequences for these factors it would be very easy to calculate the motifs and matrices. (biostars.org)

Okamoto K, Okazawa H, Okuda A, Sakai M, Muramatsu M, Hamada H. A novel octamer binding transcription factor is differentially expressed in mouse embryonic cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
In this study, we characterized TaWRKY17, a WRKY transcription factor from wheat , which was differentially expressed in various wheat organs and was up-regulated by salt , drought , hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment . (bvsalud.org)

The Human ON-TARGETplus siRNA Transcription factors Library targets proteins that bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner and thereby control the transfer, or transcription, of genetic information from DNA to RNA. (horizondiscovery.com)

Transcription factor Sp2 promotes TGFB-mediated interstitial cell osteogenic differentiation in bicuspid aortic valves through a SMAD-dependent pathway. (nih.gov)
Here we report that simultaneous overexpression of two transcription factors (TFs) can direct the differentiation of human iPSCs to granulosa-like cells. (biorxiv.org)
Analysis of transcription factor network underlying 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. (tufts.edu)
through the coordinated actions of several transcription factors (TFs) In this study, we examined the dynamics of several key transcription factors (TFs) - PPARγ, C/EBPβ, CREB, NFAT, FoxO1, and SREBP-1c - during adipogenic differentiation (week 1) and ensuing lipid accumulation. (tufts.edu)

They bind to the DNA and help initiate a program of increased or decreased gene transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Many of these GTFs do not actually bind DNA, but rather are part of the large transcription preinitiation complex that interacts with RNA polymerase directly. (wikipedia.org)
The assay could help accelerate efforts to map where transcription factors bind the genomes of humans and model organisms, Deplancke said. (genomeweb.com)
It is proposed that this relaxed property of finger 1 allows transcription factor Sp1 to bind various DNA sequences with high affinity. (rcsb.org)
David Gifford, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science and director of the Computational Genomics Group, his graduate student Yuchun Guo, and Shaun Mahony, a research scientist in the group, developed a new algorithm for analyzing millions of experimentally identified fragments and inferring the precise locations at which transcription factors bind to them. (mit.edu)

Cancer somatic mutations in binding sites of selected transcription factors have been found under positive selection. (biomedcentral.com)
For many transcription factors, including multiple members of FOX, HOX, and NR families, we show that human cancers accumulate fewer mutations than expected by chance that increase or decrease affinity of predicted binding sites. (biomedcentral.com)

Functional expression cloning of Nanog, a pluripotency sustaining factor in embryonic stem cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
The Oct4 and Nanog transcription network regulates pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Transactivation assay in yeast cells revealed that CmNAC1 functions as a transcription activator, and its transactivation domain is located in the C-terminus. (frontiersin.org)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
On the other hand, ATF-3 is rapidly induced in cells treated with growth stimulators such as serum and growth factors [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
Numerous studies demonstrate that these immune responses involve distinct immune cells, various pathologic factors, and specific functions and play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung exposed to CNTs. (cdc.gov)

SRF controls gene transcription of various actin isoforms (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
Gsn ) and is the archetypical transcription factor to study actin interplay with transcription. (jneurosci.org)

Transcription factors have long been considered targets for cancer treatments but were considered undruggable using conventional approaches. (acs.org)
The short length and high degeneracy of sites recognized by DNA-binding transcription factors limit the amount of information they can carry, and individual sites are rarely sufficient to mediate the regulation of specific targets. (nih.gov)
Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) is a canonical transcription factor (TF) and is associated with the pathogenesis of several cancers, but its biological functions and molecular targets in HCC remain unclear. (spandidos-publications.com)
Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was then used to validate the downstream targets. (spandidos-publications.com)

The major risk factors include chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, environmental carcinogens such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), alcoholic cirrhosis, and inherited genetic disorder such as hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, and tyrosinemia. (hindawi.com)
Most human diseases are caused by the interplay between numerous genetic and environmental factors, and infectious diseases are no exception. (cdc.gov)

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch associated with and promoted conjugation of ubiquitin to the transcription factor TIEG1. (nih.gov)

Below are some of the important functions and biological roles transcription factors are involved in: In eukaryotes, an important class of transcription factors called general transcription factors (GTFs) are necessary for transcription to occur. (wikipedia.org)
As a consequence, the researchers were able to infer previously unknown relationships among transcription factors, which could provide clues to the roles they play in biological processes. (mit.edu)

Brachyury overexpression also repressed E-cadherin transcription, an effect partially mediated by Slug. (jci.org)

The roles of MYB transcription factors are diverse and important in regulating environmental stress in plants. (tubitak.gov.tr)

The NAC domain transcription factors in Arabidopsis function in plant development, senescence, and stress regulation. (frontiersin.org)
A wheat WRKY transcription factor TaWRKY17 enhances tolerance to salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis and wheat plant. (bvsalud.org)

TLR3 acts earlier in the pathway and recognizes double stranded viral RNA, while IRF7 is a transcription factor to initiate IFN production. (cdc.gov)

Computational analysis of microbial genomes has suggested that many factors function optimally when in a particular orientation and position with respect to their target promoters. (nih.gov)
Deplancke himself wondered whether this was a scalable technology, or whether it would only be useful to labs interested in transcription factor function. (genomeweb.com)

Transcription factors are essential for the regulation of gene expression and are, as a consequence, found in all living organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Transcription factors use a variety of mechanisms for the regulation of gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
As a largest plant-specific transcription factor family, NAC domain proteins play an important role in plant development and regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
WRKY transcription factors are essential to plant growth , development, resistance, and the regulation of metabolic pathways . (bvsalud.org)
[ 8 ] Other classification systems categorize the ectodermal dysplasias based on defects in cell-cell communication and signaling, adhesion, transcription regulation, or development. (medscape.com)

It's the second of these elements that the MIT researchers are shedding light on, by identifying spatial relationships between binding locations that imply a functional relationship between the corresponding transcription factors. (mit.edu)

For SMiLE-seq, what the button captures is interactions between GFP-labeled transcription factors and a library of oligonucleotides. (genomeweb.com)
In my presentation I will discuss transcription factor interactions. (hstalks.com)
For a single transcription factor, that role can vary according to both the type of cell in which it's active and its interactions with other transcription factors. (mit.edu)

As a transcription factor, Pax6 acts at the molecular level in the signaling and formation of the central nervous system 11 . (biolegend.com)

In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)

View our full list of available antibodies for transcription factors . (biolegend.com)

Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
When blood vessel growth is disturbed, it can be an important factor in the progression of cancer, diabetes and eye diseases. (medicalxpress.com)
Activating transcription factor-(ATF-) 3, a stress-inducible transcription factor, is rapidly upregulated under various stress conditions and plays an important role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)

Transcription Factor SP2 Regulates Ski-mediated Astrocyte Proliferation In Vitro. (nih.gov)

In this study, we examined activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a mediator of the UPR that promotes acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) in response to pancreatic injury. (bepress.com)

AstraZeneca will pay Scorpion Therapeutics $75 million in a deal to develop small-molecule oncology drugs that target transcription factors, proteins that control gene expression. (acs.org)

RUNX1 belongs to the runt domain family of transcription factors and regulates target gene expression through forming a heterodimeric DNA-binding complex with CBFB. (biolegend.com)

Using the entire coding sequence of TWIST1 gene, an interesting candidate was found belonging to the class A bHLH transcription factors that includes the SEF2 gene product. (uni-marburg.de)

Anatomy17

Organisms8

Chemicals and Drugs136

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes71

Disciplines and Occupations1

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