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Transcription, GeneticTranscription FactorsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA, MessengerPolymerase Chain ReactionBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataRNA Polymerase IIDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseGene Expression RegulationPromoter Regions, GeneticDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesAmino Acid SequenceGene ExpressionCell LineDNA-Binding ProteinsDNASp1 Transcription FactorMutationCloning, MolecularBinding SitesRNA, ViralRNA Polymerase IIICells, CulturedRNA Polymerase IProtein BindingDNA Polymerase IRepressor ProteinsReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionTrans-ActivatorsGene Expression ProfilingTranscriptional ActivationNuclear ProteinsDNA, ComplementaryTemplates, GeneticDNA Polymerase IIDNA PrimersImmunohistochemistryTranscription Initiation SiteSignal TransductionTransfectionHeLa CellsDNA Polymerase IIIBlotting, WesternCell NucleusEscherichia coliIn Situ HybridizationPlasmidsCell Line, TumorTranscription Factors, TFIIOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisRNATumor Cells, CulturedCell DifferentiationGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalSequence Homology, Amino AcidUp-RegulationTranscription Factor TFIIDBlotting, NorthernDNA, ViralHomeodomain ProteinsSequence AlignmentSensitivity and SpecificityTranscription Factor AP-1Saccharomyces cerevisiaeSequence Analysis, DNAGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticSTAT3 Transcription FactorVesicular stomatitis New Jersey virusDNA Polymerase betaDown-RegulationGenes, ReporterGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription FactorsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialTranscription Factor TFIIBCloacaChromatinSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidChromatin ImmunoprecipitationRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsReverse TranscriptionRecombinant ProteinsBacterial ProteinsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsTime FactorsNeoplasm ProteinsDNA ReplicationGene Expression Regulation, FungalProtein Structure, TertiaryPhosphorylationBasic-Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsTATA BoxPhylogenyNF-kappa BEnhancer Elements, GeneticKineticsRNA, NeoplasmForkhead Transcription Factors
SubunitPromoterRNAPQuantitativeGenesTranscriptionalChain ReactionProteinsChromatinInitiation factorAbstractProteinTFIIHTFIISHistoneExpressionVitro transcriptionTermination factorRegulatoryRUNX2PhenotypeFunctionsRolesSpatiallyInhibitorsOrganizationActivityRegulation of transcriptionRisk FactorsElongationFunctionMolecular BiologyPathwaySTATGrowth
Subunit2
  • The dissociable sigma (σ) factor subunit directs the RNAP to different sets of genes to allow their expression in response to various cellular needs. (nih.gov)
  • Although the TATA-Binding Protein (TBP) subunit of TFIID is necessary and sufficient for in vitro transcription, the TBP-Associated Factor (TAF) subunits recognize downstream promoter elements, act as co-activators, and interact with nucleosomes. (biorxiv.org)
Promoter8
  • The nomenclature of different promoter-associated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) species is explicitly defined in an effort to provide consistency in future literature. (nature.com)
  • Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation: whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to a gene promoter to initiate RNA synthesis, emerging evidence points to the pausing of Pol II during early elongation as a widespread regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes. (nature.com)
  • Subsequently, truncation and mutation of a vimentin promoter demonstrated that HDAC1‑induced vimentin expression was dependent on a nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells (NF‑κB) binding site in the vimentin promoter sequence. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • TFIID binds promoter DNA to recruit RNA polymerase II and other basal factors for transcription. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here we show that transcription induces stable TAF binding to downstream promoter DNA, independent of upstream contacts, TBP, or other basal transcription factors. (biorxiv.org)
  • This transcription-dependent TAF complex promotes subsequent activator-independent transcription, and promoter response to TAF mutations in vivo correlates with the level of downstream, rather than overall, Taf1 crosslinking. (biorxiv.org)
  • CTCF binding to promoter sites bidirectionally regulates gene transcription and depends on activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). (jneurosci.org)
  • With a kinetic modeling approach we ascribe function to the observed OCT4-SOX2-NANOG network by making plausible assumptions about the interactions between the transcription factors at the gene promoter binding sites and RNA polymerase (RNAP), at each of the three genes as well as the target genes. (lu.se)
RNAP8
  • All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
  • This transcription initiation-factor structural module preorganizes template-strand ssDNA to engage the RNAP active center, thereby facilitating binding of initiating nucleotides and enabling transcription initiation from initiating mononucleotides. (osti.gov)
  • The canonical function of a bacterial sigma (σ) factor is to determine the gene specificity of the RNA polymerase (RNAP). (nih.gov)
  • In several diverse bacterial species, the σ 54 factor uniquely confers distinct functional and regulatory properties on the RNAP. (nih.gov)
  • A hallmark feature of the σ 54 -RNAP is the obligatory requirement for an activator ATPase to allow transcription initiation. (nih.gov)
  • The multisubunit RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the central enzyme responsible for RNA synthesis in bacteria. (nih.gov)
  • This finding suggests a role for this σ 54 in gene regulation that extends beyond its known function as an RNAP gene specificity factor. (nih.gov)
  • RNA polymerase (RNAP) performs various tasks during transcription by changing its conformational states, which are gradually becoming clarified. (nih.gov)
Quantitative3
  • Interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4 RNA expression was examined in T lamina propria lymphocytes by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. (bmj.com)
  • A total of 99 anterior lens capsules (ALCs) of patients with ARC of various nuclear grades, ultraviolet models of ALCs, and two human lens epithelial cell lines (FHL-124 and SRA01/04) were used, and the expression of histone H3, CRYAA, GLB1, and p53 were detected by immunoblotting and reverse transcription and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (techscience.com)
  • In a subset of individuals, a muscle biopsy was performed for transcriptional profiling via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and microarrays. (medscape.com)
Genes7
  • Hence, the genes that rely upon σ 54 for their transcription have a wide range of different functions suggesting that the repertoire of functions performed by genes, directly or indirectly affected by σ 54 , is not yet exhaustive. (nih.gov)
  • Most genes are associated with factors that establish and release paused Pol II and therefore appear to progress through this step, although only a subset of genes appears to be directly regulated by pausing. (nature.com)
  • Although pausing has been connected to extremely rapid and synchronous activation of genes, pausing is also highly associated with constitutively expressed genes that encode signalling and transcription factors. (nature.com)
  • Distinct signals that act through diverse targeted transcription factors can regulate different steps in the transcription pathway and provide a highly modulated transcriptional response at individual genes. (nature.com)
  • The Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC), which consists of Mediator, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH, and RNA polymerase II (pol II), governs the expression of all protein-coding and most non-coding RNA genes in the human genome and is over 4.0 MDa in size. (colorado.edu)
  • To isolate possible mechanisms underlying these structural and functional changes, we used whole-genome RNA sequencing and found prominent dopamine-induced enrichment of genes containing the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) motif, suggesting involvement of chromatin restructuring in the nucleus. (jneurosci.org)
  • Both genes are highly conserved, and their proteins are thought to have 2 functions: (1) formation of a bridge or scaffold between the DNA-binding transcription factors and the RNA polymerase II complex and (2) serving as histone acetyltransferases that open the chromatin structure, a process essential for gene expression. (medscape.com)
Transcriptional4
  • By increasing the efficiency with which RNA pol II reads through oxidative lesions, elongation factors can contribute to transcriptional mutagenesis, an activity that could have implications for the generation or progression of human diseases. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Euchromatin, which is permissive for transcription, is spatially organized into transcriptionally inactive domains interspersed with pockets of transcriptional activity. (nature.com)
  • Recent ChIP experiments of human and mouse embryonic stem cells have elucidated the architecture of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry responsible for cell determination, which involves the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. (lu.se)
  • Here, we mechanistically and functionally link CD38 and LRRK2 as upstream activators of TFEB (transcription factor EB), a host defense transcription factor and the master transcriptional regulator of the autophagy/lysosome machinery. (bvsalud.org)
Chain Reaction3
Proteins1
Chromatin2
  • Our findings propose epigenetic regulation of chromatin landscape as a critical factor in the rapid astrocyte response to dopamine. (jneurosci.org)
  • We show that accumulation of RNA induces formation of transcription pockets which displace transcriptionally inactive chromatin. (nature.com)
Initiation factor2
  • However, this transcription initiation-factor structural module occupies the path of nascent RNA and thus presumably must be displaced before or during initial transcription. (osti.gov)
  • In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)
Abstract1
  • ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to document the background prevalence and incidence of HCV infection among HCWs in Ain Shams University Hospitals in Cairo and analyse the risk factors for HCV infection. (who.int)
Protein6
  • Transcription termination factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTF1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. (nih.gov)
  • miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. (cancerindex.org)
  • PREDICTED: transcription factor-like 5 protein [Pan paniscus]. (bioinformatics.org)
  • In addition, Kayed et al ( 15 ) demonstrated that RUNX2 was overexpressed in PC and could be regulated by certain cytokines, including transforming growth factor β1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 5 (NS5) Assembles into a Dimer with a Unique Methyltransferase and Polymerase Interface. (utmb.edu)
TFIIH1
  • Mediator is a common target of DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) and also interacts with various components within the Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC), which consists of TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH, Mediator itself, and pol II. (colorado.edu)
TFIIS1
  • The elongation factors Elongin and CSB, but not TFIIS, can also stimulate bypass of thymine glycol lesions, whereas Elongin, CSB and TFIIS can all enhance bypass of an 8-oxoguanine lesion. (elsevierpure.com)
Histone2
  • There has been an increase in the identification of disease-associated risk factors, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) and vimentin, as well as the signaling pathways involved, including activation of the Wnt signaling pathway and inactivation of the cellular tumor antigen p53 signaling pathway ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In UV models of ALCs and human lens epithelial cell lines, the expression levels of histone H3, cell apoptosis factors (Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3), and inflammation factors (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) were all up-regulated. (techscience.com)
Expression2
  • To analyse expression of transcription factors which control the Th1 cell commitment in CD. (bmj.com)
  • Using bioinformatics, a luciferase reporter assay and western blot analyses, the current study identified that runt‑related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was a target of miR‑205 in PC and overexpression of miR‑205 suppressed the expression of RUNX2. (spandidos-publications.com)
Vitro transcription1
  • In the present study, we investigated the impact of the oxidative lesions 8-oxoguanine, thymine glycol and 5-hydroxyuracil on RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) transcription using a well-defined in vitro transcription system. (elsevierpure.com)
Termination factor2
  • Molecular coevolution of mammalian ribosomal gene terminator sequences and the transcription termination factor TTF-I". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 92 (13): 5827-31. (wikipedia.org)
  • Entrez Gene: TTF1 transcription termination factor, RNA polymerase I". Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). (wikipedia.org)
Regulatory1
  • Pestivirus Npro Directly Interacts with Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Monomer and Dimer. (utmb.edu)
RUNX21
  • Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a member of the RUNX family, functions as a critical regulator for osteoblast differentiation ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Phenotype1
  • Several studies have clearly demonstrated that distinct cytokine activated signalling and transcription factors regulate the commitment of a naïve T cell along the Th1 or T helper cell type 2 (Th2) phenotype, as well as maintenance of the polarised phenotype. (bmj.com)
Functions1
  • The Taatjes lab investigates the molecular mechanisms by which the human transcription machinery functions and is regulated. (colorado.edu)
Roles2
  • Their roles in intracellular signalling pathways suggest factors such as STAT3 might be involved in ageing and/or age-related disease [ 266 ]. (senescence.info)
  • Although HDAC1 and vimentin are both important factors in HCC pathogenesis and progression, their roles in this disease have usually been studied separately, and whether there are interactions between HDAC1 and vimentin that affect HCC has not been investigated ( 12 , 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Spatially1
  • Pax2 is a paired box transcription factor expressed in a spatially and temporally restricted manner and its absence results in major developmental defects of the central nervous system, eyes, ears and urogenital system. (unige.ch)
Inhibitors2
  • To investigate whether the administration of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors and statins could alleviate atrial fibrosis via platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/Rac1 /nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) axis. (medsci.org)
  • Allosteric inhibitors of Coxsackie virus A24 RNA polymerase. (utmb.edu)
Organization3
  • While transcription and RNA have been implicated in euchromatin organization, it remains unclear how their interplay forms and maintains transcription pockets. (nature.com)
  • Here we combine theory and experiment to analyze the dynamics of euchromatin organization as pluripotent zebrafish cells exit mitosis and begin transcription. (nature.com)
  • To determine the role of transcription in euchromatin organization, we used zebrafish embryos at the late blastula (sphere) stage. (nature.com)
Activity1
  • Suggesting the presence of a bypass activity, the block to elongation is alleviated when transcription is carried out in HeLa cell nuclear extracts. (elsevierpure.com)
Regulation of transcription1
Risk Factors3
  • Health care workers who provided care to the index patient and residents living within a 200-meter radius of the two homes where the index patient resided before becoming hospitalized were interviewed to assess risk factors for Zika virus infection and were offered Zika virus testing. (cdc.gov)
  • A total of 238 households were approached, and all available and consenting household members were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire about risk factors for mosquito-borne transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Risk factors independently associated with HCV seropositivity were: age, manual worker, history of blood transfusions and history of parenteral anti-schistosomiasis treatment. (who.int)
Elongation1
  • We found that in a purified, reconstituted transcription system, these lesions block elongation by RNA pol II to different extents, depending on the type of lesion. (elsevierpure.com)
Function1
  • We propose a new model in which TAFs function as reinitiation factors, accounting for the differential responses of promoters to various transcription factor mutations. (biorxiv.org)
Molecular Biology1
  • The coordinated transcription of the genome is the fundamental mechanism in molecular biology. (mdpi.com)
Pathway2
  • Leukemia inhibitory factor via the Toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway involves aggravation of cachexia induced by human gastric cancer-derived 85As2. (oncotarget.com)
  • However, in 82As2 cells, LIF production was significantly increased by stimulation with TLR5, which was suppressed by an inhibitor of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1/4, which are important factors in the TLR5 signaling pathway. (oncotarget.com)
STAT2
  • T-bet and STAT-4, two Th1 promoting transcription factors, and STAT-6 and GATA-3, transcription factors which govern T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cell polarisation, were examined in duodenal biopsies by western blotting. (bmj.com)
  • Transcription factors like those of the STAT family are activated by growth factors and cytokines. (senescence.info)
Growth6
  • Yang D, Yuan J, Liu G, Ling Z, Zeng H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, She Q, Zhou X. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Statins Could Alleviate Atrial Fibrosis via Regulating Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/Rac1 /Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Axis. (medsci.org)
  • In addition, other studies demonstrated that AngII activated platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A), a novel contributor to cardiac remodelling, to result in atrial fibrosis in pressure-overloaded mouse model [ 13 ] . (medsci.org)
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Levels in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis. (nih.gov)
  • Traditional BTE involves three-dimensional biodegradable scaffolds, stem cells, and osteoinductive growth factors. (dovepress.com)
  • They used the ability of Ba/F3 lymphoid cells to overcome their dependence on interleukin 3 with activated epidermal growth factor receptors, or EGFRs, which are perennially turned on in many cancers. (asbmb.org)
  • RESULTS: No significant differences were found with respect to collagen-III, IL-1[beta], neonatal myosin, desmin, or IGF-1, whereas significant differences were found with MGF (muscle growth factor). (cdc.gov)