Trace elements. Medical search. Frequent questions

This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) in different plant species grown on potentially contaminated soils of Amangarh Industrial Area and Pirsabak, Nowshehra, in NWFP. (scialert.net)

Trace elements of some heavy metals have a biological role as essential micronutrients. (wikipedia.org)
Plants can accumulate trace elements, especially heavy metals, in or on their tissues due to their great ability to adapt to variable chemical properties of the environment. (scialert.net)
Dated sediment cores were used to examine the sources, and historical and contemporary inputs, of trace metals (including those typically present in oil industry discharges) and their potential biological impact in the Tamaulipas aquatic environment over the last 100 years. (soton.ac.uk)
In excess, these trace metals may cause adverse biological effects in marine organisms ( Dallinger & Rainbow, 1993 ), and moreover, in combination with OA these effects may be exacerbated ( Lewis, Clemow & Holt, 2013 ). (peerj.com)
Metabolism of trace metals in man / editors, Owen M. Rennert, Wai-Yee Chan. (who.int)
Toxic elements, such as lead, have been found in nail polish, and it is unclear if new finishes using metallic effect pigments may be contributing to metals exposure in nail technicians. (cdc.gov)

This goal has been obtained by combining different inorganic and organic chemical proxies such as trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and lead isotope ratios and exploiting both principal component and factor analysis to associate chemical proxies to human-driven contamination processes. (springer.com)
Three short sediment cores have been exploited to this aim and characterized in terms of major and trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and lead isotope ratios. (springer.com)
Integration of Hf-isotope and trace-element compositions from magmatic zircons suggests that the PTB volcanism occurred along the convergent continent margin in, or near, southwestern South China as a result of the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. (monash.edu)

The activity leaves selenium traces in water courses. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Geologist Ross Large from the University of Tasmania was relying on the fact that the trace element selenium is often found near nickel and copper ore deposits. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Selenium is an essential element for all forms of cellular life: it helps cells mop up damaging molecules called free radicals. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Along with other essential trace elements, selenium enters rivers and seas when the Earth's tectonic plates are active. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Recall of dietary supplements has brought attention to selenium, a naturally occurring trace mineral element found in rocks and soils. (cdc.gov)

Essential trace elements in human nutrition, and other animals include iron (Fe) (hemoglobin), copper (Cu) (respiratory pigments), cobalt (Co) (Vitamin B12), iodine, manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) (enzymes). (wikipedia.org)
Trace elements: iodine. (medlineplus.gov)

The aerosols were analysed for their Pb isotopic compositions, ð¹³C values and trace element abundance. (bl.uk)
At Milton Keynes, ð¹³C Pb isotopic compositions and trace element abundance were found to vary considerable depending on wind direction, indicating multiple sources. (bl.uk)
Here, we present new insights into the mid-crustal plumbing system at Mount St. Helens, USA, using multiple regression methods to calculate trace element partition coefficients for amphibole phenocrysts, and thus infer the trace element compositions of their equilibrium melts. (springer.com)
This may be evidence that the trace-element compositions of deep-seated fluids are generally similar to those that form diamonds in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle.The element fractionations observed between the FH and FL patterns are consistent with the immiscible separation of a silicic fluid from a carbonatite-silicate fluid, leaving a residual carbonatitic fluid strongly enriched in LREE, Ba and alkalies. (edu.au)

However, methods such as enrichment factors and principal component analysis can crudely discriminate between various sources of an element such as Pb. (bl.uk)
The geochemical baseline allowed us to determine the values of trace elements enrichment factors. (springer.com)
Moreover, we found evidence of the recent human activities that have characterized the surroundings of the basin, such as Pb inputs related to the use of gasoline and the enrichment of certain elements generally used in agricultural activities (such as P, Cu, and Mn) due to the development of this sector in the last 40 years. (springer.com)
The CO 2 vent found at Levante Bay (Vulcano, NE Sicily, Italy) also releases high concentrations of trace elements to its surrounding seawater, and is therefore a unique site to examine the effects of long-term exposure of nearby organisms to high p CO 2 and trace element enrichment in situ . (peerj.com)
The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of trace element enrichment in cranberries, lingonberries, and blueberries growing in the ABSR. (ualberta.ca)

The structural components of cells and tissues that are required in the diet in gram quantities daily are known as bulk elements. (wikipedia.org)
This study will determine if World Trade Center (WTC)-related trace elements can be identified in tissues of individuals at their times of death in 2007-2012. (cdc.gov)
Were trace elements from WTC-contaminants released on 9/11/2001 still present in tissues of World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees who died and were autopsied in 2007-2012? (cdc.gov)
Do trace element concentrations in the tissues of autopsied WTCHR decedents correlate with interview-based estimates of exposure? (cdc.gov)
This project aims to test the hypothesis that World Trade Center (WTC)-related trace elements remained in human tissues years after 9/11/2001 and may be useful in the development of biomarkers of WTC exposure. (cdc.gov)
In pursuit of this goal, we are measuring trace and major elements in tissues obtained from individuals enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) who died and were autopsied in 2007-2012. (cdc.gov)
Our findings, through mid-June 2014, are that unusual trace and major elements were present in autopsy tissues among individuals who died in 2008-2009 and that concentrations of these elements appear to be correlated with interview-based estimates of WTC exposure. (cdc.gov)
We will explore whether trace and major element concentrations in tissues, coupled with interview data, can provide more accurate estimates of WTC exposures than interview data alone. (cdc.gov)
Associations of major and trace elements in lung tissues with world trade center exposures and subsequent respiratory symptoms. (cdc.gov)
The study revealed that the contents of the majority of elements in the soft tissues of both species were higher than those in the shells. (scirp.org)
The tissues of wild invasive Mediterranean mussels contain higher levels of a range of trace elements comparing to farmed mussels. (scirp.org)
The tissues of Pacific oysters contain much higher levels of almost all elements studied compared to the tissues of Mediterranean mussels. (scirp.org)
This study investigates the distribution of three trace elements (Cd, Cu and Zn) in tissues (exoskeleton, abdominal muscle and hepatopancreas) of two shrimp species (Penaeus merguiensis and Penaeus semisulcatus). (unboundmedicine.com)
Trace elements entering plant tissues are active in metabolic processes, but also can be stored as inactive compounds in cells and on the membranes. (scialert.net)
The Trace Elements laboratory at Kings' College Hospital provides specialist assay and interpretation service for a range of essential, non-essential and toxic elements in serum/plasma, whole blood, urine, tissues and esoteric matrices. (sas-centre.org)
Platinum and eleven other trace elements were determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis in tissues of healthy rats and dogs treated with the anti-cancer drug carboplatin. (tue.nl)

In general, there were highly significant differences among the storage conditions from accumulation the selected trace elements and metallothionein in both species point of view, but in most cases, no significant differences could be observed among the fresh, refrigerated and frozen specimens of P. semisulcatus. (unboundmedicine.com)
Here, we examine historical trace element accumulation in marine sediments collected from four sites in the Tamaulipas shelf, Gulf of Mexico, in the area of the Arenque oil field. (soton.ac.uk)
We found dramatic changes in trace element tissue concentrations between the high p CO 2 /high trace element and control sites, with strong accumulation of iron, lead, copper and cobalt, but decreased concentrations of cadmium, zinc and arsenic proximate to the vent. (peerj.com)
Trace elements (TEs) vary in toxicity and should be closely monitored to manage their accumulation in marine organisms, which may pass on to the food web. (aimspress.com)
In the accumulation and coarse modes, concentrations of crustal elements and barium were also significantly higher in the low-SES community compared to the high-SES community. (cdc.gov)

An essential trace element is a dietary element, a mineral that is only needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism. (wikipedia.org)
A systems analysis approach was used to assess farm-scale nutrient and trace element sustainability by combining full-scale field experiments with specific studies of nutrient release from mineral weathering and trace-element cycling. (bioone.org)
Check out our range of trace mineral elements, needed to correct deficiencies in depleted soils. (compostwerks.com)
Dolomite formation was mainly driven by seawater-derived fluids given the high concentrations of Fe and retention of marine shale-normalized rare earth element and yttrium (REYSN) patterns, however the spatial association of dolomite to stromatolite structures may reflect microbially-influenced mineral nucleation. (st-andrews.ac.uk)

Concentrations of 34 elements are being measured by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)

by International Symposium on the Metabolism of Minerals and Trace Elements in Human Disease (1987: New Delhi, India, etc. (who.int)

SGS has the proven geochemical expertise and equipment to provide you with reliable trace element analysis. (sgs.com)

And as the mountains erode, sand and dust rich in trace elements into rivers and oceans, and marine organisms flourish. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Health-related monitoring of trace element pollutants using nuclear techniques : results of co-ordinated research programmes on nuclear methods for health-related monitoring of trace element pollutants and health-related environmental research using nuclear techniques. (who.int)

Tropic Marin®told the world that they had all 70 elements in their salt. (aquacraft.net)
The Tropic Marin® claim of having all 70 elements in exact proportion to NSW is blatantly false. (aquacraft.net)

In nutrition, trace elements are classified into two groups: essential trace elements, and non-essential trace elements. (wikipedia.org)
Essential trace elements are needed for many physiological and biochemical processes in both plants and animals. (wikipedia.org)
The essential trace elements are those that are required to perform vital metabolic activities in organisms. (wikipedia.org)

But as he points out, trace element deficiency was probably not the only factor contributing to these mass extinctions. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Copper (Cu) deficiency in ruminants continues to be a common trace element disorder in Great Britain despite the fact that its existence was first recognised over 50 years ago. (gla.ac.uk)
The objective of this work was to evaluate a novel slow release trace element fertiliser (Cu fertiliser) for the prevention of Cu deficiency in sheep. (gla.ac.uk)
The cause for the inhibition can be a deficiency of trace elements. (asa-enzyme.de)

The objective of this work is to determine the composition in traces elements (alkaline and alkaline-earth, rare earths, Th, Your, Nb…) magmas at the origin of the explosive events since 1500 years. (cea.fr)

Detrital zircons from the Namche Barwa Complex and Nyingchi Complex also display similar trace-element signatures and Hf isotopic composition, indicating that they were derived from common provenance. (open.ac.uk)

One local factor, common in coastal environments, is trace element contamination. (peerj.com)
Trace metal contamination occurs in many near-shore coastal environments due mainly to anthropogenic inputs such as industrial effluent and run-off ( Brock & Bielmyer, 2013 ). (peerj.com)
Elevated concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements could pose a risk to local indigenous communities through the contamination of native berries that are an important part of their traditional diet. (ualberta.ca)

The concentrations of these elements in effluent irrigated plants were higher than those in tubewell irrigated plants and also higher than those generally reported in the literature. (scialert.net)
The concentrations of these elements decreased after the berries were washed, suggesting that the trace elements were present in the form of dust. (ualberta.ca)

Most of the elements are found as impurities, except for aluminum, lead and nickel. (aquacraft.net)

Urine samples collected from 100 participants (50 thyroid disorder patients and 50 controls) were analyzed to determine trace elements using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. (ajol.info)
We characterized concentrations of trace elements in 40 nail polishes, 9 technicians' urine, and 20 technicians' toenail clippings from 8 nail salons in the Boston area in 2017. (cdc.gov)
Of those elements in nail polish and salon surfaces, aluminum and iron were detected in toenails, manganese was detected in urine and toenails, and barium was detected in urine at comparable levels to the general population. (cdc.gov)

Preliminary data indicate significantly higher trace or major element concentrations in peripheral lung among 7 individuals with high self-reported WTC exposure compared to 17 with lower self-reported exposures for Pb (median=0.31 vs. 0.14, p=0.03) and Al (34.0 high vs. 11.8 low, p=0.04. (cdc.gov)
Exposures in nail salons to trace elements in nail polish from impurities or pigment ingredients - a pilot study. (cdc.gov)
These findings suggest that people living in the low-SES community may experience higher exposures to some toxic elements as compared to people in the high-SES community. (cdc.gov)

This study was conducted in summer and winter seasons of the years 2000 and 2001 to assess the bioaccumulation of trace elements by different plant species grown on potentially contaminated soils of NWFP, Pakistan. (scialert.net)

Seven trace elements B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn were designated as micronutrients because they have been determined to be essential for plants based on the criteria of essentiality established by Arnon and Stout [4] . (scialert.net)
The trace elements considered as micronutrients have specific and physiological functions in plant metabolism [7] while Cd, Cr and Pb has not yet shown any specific functions in plant growth. (scialert.net)
We believe that trace elements are lost in soils which lack organic matter and biological biomass and diversity, so look into our other products which support the retention of these important micronutrients. (compostwerks.com)

Trace elements are those found at the 10pmm -10,000ppm level in rocks, ores, soils etc. (sgs.com)
Thus plants are intermediate reservoirs through which trace elements from soils and partly from waters and air, move to man and animals. (scialert.net)

Even if common salt was refined to 99.99% pure, the remaining .01% of impurities contain all other elements. (aquacraft.net)
However, the most costly elements are omitted and found only as impurities. (aquacraft.net)
Trace impurities are found at concentrations similar to other marine Salts. (aquacraft.net)
As with other Aquarium Systems® salts the costly elements are omitted and found only as impurities. (aquacraft.net)

Large meticulously analysed trace elements in 4,000 samples of ocean sediments laid down over the past 560 million years. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Data do not record however a clear enhancement of Ba concentration in sediment cores collected near to oil platforms over more distal cores, indicating that any Ba released from drilling platforms is incorporated quickly into the sediments around the drilling sites, and once this element has been deposited its rate of resuspension and mobility is low. (soton.ac.uk)

Regardless of some zonation, the large size of the crystals and broad regions of chemical homogeneity make these crystals useful as experimental starting material, and as matrix-matched trace-element standards for a variety of microbeam analytical techniques where amorphous titanite glass, heterogeneous natural titanite or a non-titanite standard may be less than satisfactory. (usgs.gov)
Trace-element-doped synthetic crystals can also provide a convenient proxy for a better understanding of trace-element incorporation in natural titanite. (usgs.gov)
Reef Crystals® claim of extra trace elements is misleading and blatantly false. (aquacraft.net)

Using Y as an indicator of the abundance of dust particles, we can distinguish between trace elements supplied primarily by aerial deposition of dust (e.g. (ualberta.ca)
Trace element concentrations in particles collected with GO-Flo bottles and analyzed with ICP-MS. Concentrations of labile and total metal fractions are reported. (bco-dmo.org)
Comparison of trace elements in size-fractionated particles in two communities with contrasting socioeconomic status in Houston, TX. (cdc.gov)

In regards to trace elements in marine salts, most of the information is at best bogus. (aquacraft.net)
The reality is that ALL marine salts have the SAME NUMBER of TRACE ELEMENTS - ALL trace elements. (aquacraft.net)
A simple marine salt could be produced using only major elements/bulk salts. (aquacraft.net)
Most of the elements are found at similar levels to other brands of marine salts - with the exception of 13.2 times more aluminum, 4.8 times more iron, 8 times more zinc, 10 times more manganese and 333 times more lead vs. NSW. (aquacraft.net)
Just like other marine salts, all elements are present. (aquacraft.net)
It has the same number of trace elements as other marine salts. (aquacraft.net)

Lead, cadmium, and other trace elements in the liver of golden eagles and white-tailed eagles: recent data from Poland and a systematic review of previous studies. (bvsalud.org)

Aerosol Pb and trace element abundance were found to be influenced by rainfall, with rain having an apparent scavenging effect on Pb in the atmosphere. (bl.uk)
It was found that internal element flows on the farm are large and that there are farm internal sources (Zn) and loss terms (K). The approaches developed and tested at the Öjebyn farm are promising and considered generally adaptable to any farm. (bioone.org)
I could look you directly in the eyes and honestly tell you that this common salt contained all elements found in sea water. (aquacraft.net)
Other "trace elements" were found at higher concentrations vs. NSW. (aquacraft.net)
In terms of the rock-forming elements, the fluids that precipitated the rims of some fibrous diamonds (FL pattern) and most monocrystalline diamonds are broadly similar to some hydro-silicic high-density fluids found in fibrous diamonds. (edu.au)
The hepatic Pb found in almost half of all the tested individuals suggests environmental exposure to this toxic element . (bvsalud.org)
Chromium is a naturally occurring element with trace levels normally found in the diet. (cdc.gov)

Results of search for 'su:{Trace elements. (who.int)

However, there are still significant differences between the trace-element patterns of most monocrystalline diamonds and known high-density fluids, and further research is required to understand the formation and growth of these diamonds. (edu.au)
Analyses of trace elements in the liver samples of the Polish eagles revealed interspecific differences in Cd, Cu, and Mn and differences in Co, Mn, Tl, and Zn among study regions. (bvsalud.org)

Within the tentacles, the various trace elements displayed different partitioning patterns between animal tissue and algal symbionts. (peerj.com)
Many diamonds of the "superdeep" paragenesis have trace-element patterns similar to those of other monocrystalline diamonds. (edu.au)

Digestion of biological materials is very important for trace element determinations. (tubitak.gov.tr)
This study examined the optimum conditions for the minimum loss of trace elements during the wet digestion of a sample. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Before processing and analysis, filters were divided into halves: one half for Total digestion (total element concentrations) and one half for Labile digestion (using the Berger et al. (bco-dmo.org)

Quality assurance of natural raw materials (e.g. ores) with beam-based microanalytical methods requires a proper set of homogeneous, matrix-matched reference materials (RMs) doped with trace elements relevant to resource technology applications. (science24.com)

Given the complexity of this sample's paragenetic evolution, trace metal distributions cannot be conclusively tied to specific metabolic pathways, bioaccumulation or passive binding, however, the results show SRS-XRF can be used for quantifiable, spatial, in-situ investigation of ancient microbialites. (st-andrews.ac.uk)

Here we investigate the proxy potential of an array of trace element (Mg, Mn, Zn, and Sr) to Ca ratios from the shells of Globorotaloides hexagonus , a planktic foraminifer endemic to tropical through temperate oxygen minimum zones. (frontiersin.org)
The analysis of these relatively conventional trace element ratios in the shells of an oxygen minimum zone species has tremendous potential to facilitate multiproxy reconstructions from this enigmatic environment. (frontiersin.org)
Other trace element to calcium (TE/Ca) ratios in the shells of benthic and planktic foraminifera also have tremendous potential for recording the physical and chemical environment of the OMZ. (frontiersin.org)

Elements in health and disease : proceedings of the First International Conference on Elements in Health and Disease, Karachi, 13-15 February 1983 / edited by Hakim Mohammed Said. (who.int)
Trace elements in health and disease : symposium, October 23-25, 1984 / edited by Harry Boström and Nils Ljungstedt. (who.int)

ASA Multikat 30 is our trace element solution to compensate nutrient deficiencies and to increase the biogas yield in the anaerobic process. (asa-enzyme.de)

Trace elements are defined as those elements occurring in trace concentrations (micro gram per gram or parts per million) in biological materials [1-3] . (scialert.net)

Chondrite-normalized rare earth element distributions of garnets from Shuanghe eclogite SH02. (researchgate.net)
The cuspate stromatolites were analyzed using Synchrotron Rapid Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence (SRS-XRF) and more conventional techniques to determine: (i) whether element distributions could be distinguished in ancient stromatolites at both cm to dm scales, (ii) whether element distributions show variation between biogenic and abiogenic textures, and (iii) the sample's paragenesis. (st-andrews.ac.uk)

Plants may be passive receptors of trace elements (fallout interception or root but they also exert control over uptake or rejection of some elements by appropriate physiological reactions [8] . (scialert.net)

The laboratory is one of only 7 Supra-Regional Assay Service (SAS) Trace Element laboratories in the UK ( http://www.sas-centre.org/centres/trace-elements/london-kings ). (sas-centre.org)

Both alien species, and especially Pacific oysters, may serve as reliable biomonitors for trace elements in marine ecosystems. (scirp.org)
Both species are rich in essential elements and provide nutritionally-valuable seafoods. (scirp.org)
We also used a systematic review to summarize the available literature data on Cd, Pb, and other studied elements in the liver of both eagle species. (bvsalud.org)

We explore the proxy potential of several conventional trace elements within the shells of the planktic foraminifer Globorotaloides hexagonus . (frontiersin.org)

60 researchers from the PAGES and GEOTRACES communities participated to an intensive 2.5 day workshop from the 3rd to the 5th of December in Aix en Provence, France. (geotraces.org)

The trace-element signatures of 1.30-1.45 Ga detrital zircons indicate that the 1.3-1.5 Ga alkalic and mafic rocks belt in the southeastern India is a potential provenance. (open.ac.uk)

The golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos) and the white -tailed eagle ( Haliaeetus albicilla), being apex predators and facultative scavengers, can bioaccumulate different environmental contaminants, including toxic elements that may adversely affect their health . (bvsalud.org)

The relation between trace element levels in drinking water and cognitive function was investigated in a population-based study of elderly residents (n = 1,016) in rural China in 1996-1997. (fluoridealert.org)
This study presents a trace ratio criterion-based kernel discriminant analysis (TR-KDA) for fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings. (hindawi.com)
This study investigated the association of selected trace elements with thyroid dis- orders in a Saudi population. (ajol.info)
First study to report urinary trace element levels showed a possible link between thyroid disorders and trace element exposure which reflect the environmental pollution. (ajol.info)
Special emphasis in this study was placed on evaluating the effects of storage conditions on redistribution of the elements and moreover the potential roles of metallothionein in tissue redistribution. (unboundmedicine.com)
The aim of our study was to compare A. viridis trace element profiles and compartmentalization between high p CO 2 and control environments. (peerj.com)

Not only do trace elements play a role in biological processes but they also serve as catalysts to engage in redox - oxidation and reduction mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
A background concentration is defined as the concentration of trace elements before industrialization, so its level should reflect natural processes uninfluenced by human activities (Tapia et al. (springer.com)
Environmental speciation and monitoring needs for trace metal-containing substances from energy-related processes : proceedings of the DoE/NBS Workshop held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD, May 18-20, 1981 / editors, Frederick E. Brinckman and Richard H. Fish. (who.int)

Trace and alloying elements in steel, such as Mn, Si, and Ni, can diffuse to the surface and influence the deoxidation process. (lu.se)

We have the experience and technology to help you with your trace element analysis. (sgs.com)
Back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging accompanied by ion-microprobe (SHRIMP-RG) analysis confirms significant incorporation of selected trace-elements at structural sites. (usgs.gov)
Nesbitt, R.W. , Mastins, H. , Stolz, G.W. and Bruce, D.R. (1976) Matrix corrections in trace-element analysis by X-ray fluorescence: An extension of the Compton scattering technique to long wavelengths. (soton.ac.uk)
Trace elements, hair analysis and nutrition / Richard A. Passwater and Elmer M. Cranton. (who.int)

Non-parametric Mann-Whitney Test, were used to examine the association between socio-demographic as well as clinical characteristics of thyroid profile levels (T3,T4 and TSH) and urinary trace element concentrations. (ajol.info)

Forty Fathoms® (now Crystal Sea®) printed an "assay" that showed dozens and dozens of elements in their salt. (aquacraft.net)

Brenan JM, Shaw HF, Ryerson FJ, Phinney DL (1995) Experimental determination of trace-element partitioning between pargasite and a synthetic hydrous andesitic melt. (springer.com)

Trace element characteristics have been used extensively to identify anthropogenic components within the atmosphere. (bl.uk)

Anatomy3

Organisms3

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes12

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science2

Health Care4

Conducted to determine the concentrations1

Metals6

Isotope3

Selenium5

Iodine2

Compositions4

Enrichment5

Tissues16

Accumulation5

Mineral4

Inductively-coupled plas1

Minerals1

Geochemical1

Rich in trace elements1

Pollutants1

Tropic Marin2

Essential Trace Elements3

Deficiency4

Alkaline1

Isotopic1

Contamination3

Concentrations of these elements2

Nickel1

Urine3

Exposures3

20011

Micronutrients3

Soils2

Impurities4

Sediments2

Crystals3

Particles3

Salts6

Cadmium1

Found7

Search1

Differences2

Patterns2

Digestion3

Matrix-matched1

Metabolic1

Ratios3

Health and Dis2

Deficiencies1

Biological materials1

Distributions2

Physiological1

Laboratory1

Species3

Conventional1

GEOTRACES1

Zircons1

Toxic elements1

Study6

Processes3

Surface1

Analysis4

Levels1

Assay2

Synthetic1

Extensively1