• Conventional toxicology approaches have limitations when considering the large number of compounds that need toxicity assessment, particularly if mixture effects also should be evaluated. (ivl.se)
  • CCl 4 -induced liver injury is therefore considered as a model for the screening of hepatoprotective drugs 7 .A number of investigators have previously demonstrated that antioxidants would prevent CCl 4 toxicity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation 8, 9 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Radioprotective natural products have particularly received attention for their potential usefulness in counteracting radiation-induced damage because of their reduced toxicity compared with most drugs currently in use. (e-algae.org)
  • For more information on vitamin toxicity management, consult a regional poison control center or a local medical toxicologist (certified through the American Board of Medical Toxicology or the American Board of Emergency Medicine). (medscape.com)
  • Lipid peroxidation damage on pyrethroid exposure and alternations in antioxidant status in rat erythrocytes: A possible involvement of reactive Oxygen species. (scialert.net)
  • These include increased release of reactive oxygen species from phagocytes, such as superoxide from peripheral blood neutrophils, oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), increased lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde, and decreased plasma antioxidant capacity [ 4 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • By being such a powerful antioxidant as it is, Glutathione protects our bodies against the damage of oxidative stress and the free radicals, making its production of vital importance to us. (thyroidadvisor.com)
  • Vitamin E is an important known antioxidant and protect cell membrane of sperm cell from damage of reactive oxygen species in male reproductive system of animal. (ac.ir)
  • These findings suggest that dexamethasone injection caused a sharp decline in sperm quality by reducing sperm motility, antioxidant enzyme activity, and plasma membrane integrity, while vitamin E supplementation improved sperm quality by enhancing the antioxidant status and protecting the sperm cell membrane from the damage caused by reactive oxygen species in broiler breeders. (ac.ir)
  • A comparative study on lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes and viability of cattle and buffalo bull spermatozoa during storage at refrigeration temperature. (anandpub.com)
  • Proteins such as "damage-up" proteins (DDPs) can promote endogenous DNA lesions by either increasing the amount of reactive oxygen by transmembrane transporters, losing chromosomes by replisome binding, and stalling replication by transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • - Metabolism - The liver is responsible for metabolizing proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids into useful substances. (butterflyayurveda.com)
  • These ROS react with cellular macromolecules including DNA, RNA, membrane lipids, and proteins, leading to cellular dysfunction and DNA damage, resulting in chromosomal abnormalities and mutations that cause cancers. (e-algae.org)
  • DNA lesions can also naturally occur from the release of specific compounds such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive carbonyl species (RCS), lipid peroxidation products, adducts, and alkylating agents through metabolic processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • After 24 h of exposure to different doses (4-32 μg/mL) of BP-QDs, intracellular lipid peroxidation and iron overload occurred in Beas-2B cells. (medworm.com)
  • Iron overload, glutathione (GSH) depletion and lipid peroxidation in the lung tissue of mice in the exposure group. (medworm.com)
  • Other DNA damaging, cancer-causing agents include asbestos, which can cause damage through physical interaction with DNA or by indirectly setting off a reactive oxygen species, excessive nickel exposure, which can repress the DNA damage-repair pathways, aflatoxins, which are found in food, and many more. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exposure to higher concentrations (≥50 µM) of the PFOS and PFOA mixture caused cell death through synergistic interactions that induced oxidative stress, DNA/RNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, illustrating the complexity of mixture toxicology. (ivl.se)
  • 3)Cellular membrane damage and lipid peroxide following exposure of the skin to ultraviolet rays. (sugiyama-pharmacy.com)
  • 1) Lipid peroxidation and radical formation in methyl linoleate following ultaviolet light exposure. (sugiyama-pharmacy.com)
  • There is probably no single one chemical exposure responsible for these illnesses, but more likely a mixed exposure of chemical classes such as particulate matter and oxygenated organic species (oxidized volatile organic compounds that are likely biologically reactive and potentially cause cell damage and increase susceptibility to disease). (cdc.gov)
  • For example, exposure to ethylene oxide results in reactions with DNA bases, and, after excision of the damaged base, N-7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine will be eliminated in the urine. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
  • Acute RF EM Radiation Exposure Impairs Neurogenesis and Causes Neuronal DNA Damage in the Young Rat Brain," Neurotoxicology, posted November 3, 2022. (microwavenews.com)
  • Conclusion V exposure in vitro resulted in oxidative damage with significant regional variations in brain tissue homogenates. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Prolonged exposure to oxygen and environmental toxins stimulate phagocytic cells in the lung to generate ROS and free radicals, which cause lipid per-oxidation. (noxygen.de)
  • The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective of the toxicology of pyridine and a depiction of significant exposure levels associated with various adverse health effects. (cdc.gov)
  • In vitro study of the protective effect of manganese against vanadium-mediated nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA integrity of spermatozoa in relation to intracellular reactive oxygen species in liquid and frozen-thawed buffalo semen. (anandpub.com)
  • Inhalation Toxicology. (noxygen.de)
  • Inhalation Toxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by CDC Information Center on 07/06/12 alternative to methyl bromide as a fumigant, there is potential here as a sequence of key events and processes, starting for human exposures to MeI. (cdc.gov)
  • Lipid peroxidation produces reactive species that damage sperm membrane function and motility, ultimately reducing the fertility potential of aged roosters. (ac.ir)
  • Effects of temperature and restoration of osmotic equilibrium during thawing on the induction of plasma membrane damage in cryopreserved ram spermatozoa. (anandpub.com)
  • Oxidation of cell macromolecules, cell death by necrosis, apoptosis and damage of tissue structure are the results of another oxidative stress damage. (ac.ir)
  • In summary, findings in the present study confirmed that BP-QDs induce ferroptosis via increasing lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in vitro and in vivo.PMID:3748. (medworm.com)
  • Chemotherapeutics, by design, induce DNA damage and are targeted towards rapidly dividing cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • These conditions lead to the damage of mitochondria [ 20 ], and cigarette smoke may even induce liver injury via lipid peroxidation and corresponding inflammation [ 21 , 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • For example, 8-hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine reflects oxidative damage to DNA, and this reaction may be triggered by several chemical compounds, most of which also induce lipid peroxidation. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
  • The placebo, which was devoid of iridoid glycosides, did not significantly influence blood lipid profiles or hs-CRP. (hindawi.com)
  • They were divided into two groups: They took garlic extract supplements for 4 months and were regularly checked for blood lipid parameters, as well as kidney and liver function. (portanywhere.com)
  • Researchers at Ankara University investigated the effects of garlic extract supplementation on the blood lipid (fat) profile of patients with high blood cholesterol. (portanywhere.com)
  • A molecular lesion or point lesion is damage to the structure of a biological molecule such as DNA, RNA, or protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • This leads to the formation of lipid peroxides, and a depression of protein synthesis 4 and elevated levels of serum marker enzymes such as AST, ALT and ALP 5 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Mushrooms accumulate a variety of qualitatively good protein, crude fiber, minerals and vitamins but are poor sources of lipids and are rich in secondary metabolites 12 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Silicon nanowires: free radical production and related damage in cellular exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • Biomarkers of free radical damage: Applications in experimental animals and in humans. (scialert.net)
  • Epidemiological studies indicate that fruits and vegetables may reduce free radical-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in cigarette smokers [ 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These results indicate that the radical generation and the damage caused by them is not only a function of surface area but is also influenced by changing chemical and other characteristics due to particle size. (cdc.gov)
  • The planar catechin (P1H 2 ), in which the catechol and chroman structure in (+)-catechin (1H 2 ) are constrained to be planar, undergoes efficient hydrogen atom transfer toward galvinoxyol radical, showing an enhanced protective effect against the oxidative DNA damage induced by the Fenton reaction. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • The present studies were undertaken to further characterize the radical scavenging ability of P1H 2 in the reaction with cumylperoxyl radical, which is a model radical of lipid peroxyl radical for lipid peroxidation. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Silymarin protects against its toxic principle α-amanitin by preventing its uptake through hepatocyte membranes and inhibiting the effects of tumour necrosis factor-α, which exacerbates lipid peroxidation. (springer.com)
  • Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 180, 110-117. (innspub.net)
  • If liver damage is evident, appropriate consultation with a transplantation service is recommended. (medscape.com)
  • However, these techniques have to be carried out very carefully as they, if applied wrongly, bear risks of generating ROS damaging the germ cells and preventing fertilization. (hindawi.com)
  • Avian sperm are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation due to their high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. (ac.ir)
  • NO is also involved in cell kil ing but often used as a marker of oxidative Hanahan and Weinberg (2011), i n can also react with superoxide at DNA damage, although other bas- their landmark review "Hallmarks diffusion-limited rates to form per- es are also susceptible to oxidation. (who.int)
  • Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels indicating cellular damage, increased when bivalves were exposed to 20 and 70 μg l -1 of carbamazepine for 96 h CBZ. (scielo.br)
  • Besides affecting fertilization and the outcome of pregnancy, sperm DNA damage has a negative impact on the health of the offspring as uncorrected sperm DNA damage following zygote formation has the potential to create mutations/epimutations in the offspring [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • As a result, numerous authors have suggested an introduction of sperm DNA damage testing into the andrological laboratory workup as an independent tool as DNA fragmentation apart from normal sperm morphology appears to be a reliable and more robust parameter than conventional semen analysis due to its low biological variability and thus is a useful biomarker that should be implemented in any andrological diagnostic workup [ 19 - 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, sperm DNA damage appears to be linked to the most important checkpoints of fertility such as reduced fertilization rates, lower embryo quality and pregnancy rates, higher miscarriage rates, malformations, and childhood diseases [ 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Paternal sperm DNA damage has negative effects on the integrity of early embryonic development as the percentage of good quality embryos as well as implantation rates was significantly reduced in patients exhibiting high DNA damage [ 27 ] and it appears that the second and third mitoses are the sensitive periods [ 28 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 2019). Qualitative characteristics of sperm, blood testosterone level, and plasma lipid peroxidation are affected by severe oxidative stress (Khan, 2011). (ac.ir)
  • Spontaneous lipid peroxidation in rabbit epididymal spermatozoa, its effect on sperm motility. (anandpub.com)
  • Radiation induced damage to the normal tissues can be partially reduced by the use of radioprotectors that reduce the damaging effects of radiation, including radiation-induced lethality (4,22,38). (tfljournal.org)
  • Biomarkers of organ damage or dysfunction for the renal, hepatobiliary, and immune systems. (cdc.gov)
  • Subcommittee on Biomarkers of Organ Damage and Dysfunction. (cdc.gov)
  • ROS is one of the major endogenous sources of DNA damage and the most studied oxidative DNA adduct is 8-oxo-dG. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most of these stresses at the molecular level are associated with oxidative stress and damage to biologically important molecules (Surai et al. (ac.ir)
  • DNA and RNA lesions caused by endogenous factors generally occur more frequently than damage caused by exogenous ones. (wikipedia.org)
  • For RNA lesions specifically, the most abundant types of endogenous damage include oxidation, alkylation, and chlorination. (wikipedia.org)
  • UV light, specifically non-ionizing shorter-wavelength radiation such as UVC and UVB, causes direct DNA damage by initiating a synthesis reaction between two thymine molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1)Role of oxygen in lipid peroxide of skin exposed to ultraviolet light. (sugiyama-pharmacy.com)
  • The lungs are prone to oxidative damage as they are exposed to an oxygen rich environment and are continually exposed to environmental toxins. (noxygen.de)
  • Although they can be removed through excision repairs, when UV damage is extensive, the entire DNA molecule breaks down and the cell dies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alkylating agents are a type of chemotherapeutic drug which keeps the cell from undergoing mitosis by damaging its DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • There may be tremendous practical value to understanding how to neutralize or reduce the damaging (and lethal) effects of radiation on the human body. (tfljournal.org)
  • In light of the various nuclear power plant accident, military and terrorism scenarios that have entered the world consciousness over the past two generations, there is tremendous practical value to understanding how to neutralize or reduce the damaging (and lethal) effects of radiation on the body. (tfljournal.org)
  • The impact of garlic on lipid parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis, systematic review and metaanalysis on the effects of garlic preparations on blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. (portanywhere.com)
  • Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of manpower in the field of toxicology. (inchem.org)
  • This damage may result in the reduction or absence of normal function, and in rare cases the gain of a new function. (wikipedia.org)