Methylenediphenyl DiisocyanateIsomersExposureDiamineMethylene Diphenyl DiiHexamethylene diisocyanateIsocyanateSynonymsOccupationalPolyurethaneAliphaticDinitrotolueneChemicalsBenzeneColorlessRespiratoryOrganicInhalationClassificationHumansNIOSHVinylCommonlyProductsChemicallyReactionCarbonIsocyanates2020MixtureEthanol20192016
Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate1
Isomers6
- Two of the six possible isomers are commercially important: 2,4-TDI (CAS: 584-84-9) and 2,6-TDI (CAS: 91-08-7). (wikipedia.org)
- 2,4-TDI is produced in the pure state, but TDI is often marketed as 80/20 and 65/35 mixtures of the 2,4 and 2,6 isomers respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- Toluene diisocyanate is produced commercially as an 80:20 (2,4-toluene diisocyanate:2,6-toluene diisocyanate) mixture of the two isomers. (cdc.gov)
- Dermal - Possible exposure route for the who are particularly sensitive to the An acute-duration (14 days) inhalation isomers are 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI. (cdc.gov)
- Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), and toluene diisocyanate mixed isomers are the three forms of TDI commonly used in commerce. (turi.org)
- Butanols - four isomers : 1-butanol, 2-butanol, tert-butanol, isobutanol / published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, and the World Health Organization. (who.int)
Exposure17
- In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit with a ceiling at 0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m3), while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has not established a recommended exposure limit, due to the classification of toluene diisocyanate as a possible occupational carcinogen. (wikipedia.org)
- In animals, chronic oral exposure of 4,4'-MDI. (cdc.gov)
- Exposure to low to moderate levels of toluene can cause tiredness, confusion, weakness, memory loss, nausea, loss of appetite along with hearing and color vision loss. (emsl.com)
- The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) requests assistance in preventing asthma, other respiratory disease, and death from diisocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
- This Alert summarizes seven case reports of disease and deaths following occupational exposure to diisocyanates. (cdc.gov)
- Information about preventing adverse health effects from exposure to diisocyanates is urgently needed by workers and employers, small businesses, physicians, and other health care providers. (cdc.gov)
- Recent studies of chronic effects in animals indicate that cancer is associated with exposure to commercial-grade TDI (an 80:20 mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI) and 2,4-TDA, a hydrolysis product of TDI. (cdc.gov)
- We report the clinical findings and the results of inhalation challenge with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methacholine in 113 subjects with a history of exposure to TDI and work-related respiratory symptoms. (nih.gov)
- Fifty-seven polyurethane foam manufacturing workers (PF workers) and 24 reference workers were followed for 4 years to clarify the effects on pulmonary function of working in PF factories with exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI). (elsevierpure.com)
- No significant differences in the average annual losses (AALs) of pulmonary function for 4 years were observed among the 28PF workers whose TDI exposure levels were very low (mean= 0.1 ppb, group L), the remaining 29 PF workers with mean TDI exposure of 5.7 ppb (group H), and the reference workers. (elsevierpure.com)
- [ 2 ] There were no data reported for exposure to azides. (medscape.com)
- In 2016, 464 cases of toluene diisocyanate exposure were reported by the NPDS. (medscape.com)
- During the report, Philips also identified toxic gasses, dimethyl diazene and phenol, 2,6-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(1-methylpropyl)- that exceeded the safe exposure threshold. (cellinolaw.com)
- 174) 1.Cyclohexanones 2.Environmental exposure 3.Occupational exposure 4.Solvents I.Series ISBN 92 4 157174 8 (NLM Classification: QV 633) ISSN 0250-863X The World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. (inchem.org)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can develop following exposure to chemicals like diisocyanate. (medscape.com)
- CONCLUSIONS: The current ACGIH TLV and OSHA standards for OT are 2 and 5ppm, respectively, 1000-fold higher than the exposure estimated here for 1-7 per thousand excess lifetime risk. (cdc.gov)
- Under the assumptions in this risk assessment, after three years of inhalation exposure at 0.3mg/m(3), the excess attributable impairment manifest in vibration perception and nerve conduction velocity is estimated to occur in 1-2% of workers. (cdc.gov)
Diamine3
- The first polyurethane was formed by the reaction between a diamine-forming polyurea and an aliphatic diisocyanate. (iqsdirectory.com)
- Second step is the catalytic hydrogenation of Dinitrotoluene into toluene diamine TDA. (arpadis.com)
- Philips analysis of the deteriorated foam confirmed the presence of several potentially harmful chemicals including toluene diamine, toluene diisocyanate, and diethylene glycol. (cellinolaw.com)
Methylene Diphenyl Dii3
- citation needed] Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate Hexamethylene diisocyanate Isophorone diisocyanate NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. (wikipedia.org)
- In view of the above, consumers always pay close attention to products with low energy consumption, and Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI), as a thermal insulator in the refrigerator, plays an important role in the energy consumption of the products and also in the production of washing machine is used as adhesive. (waocp.com)
- Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) CAS:101-68-8 Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate is produced by a 4 steps reaction based on benzene as feedstock. (arpadis.com)
Hexamethylene diisocyanate1
Isocyanate4
- The two isocyanate groups in TDI react at different rates: The 4-position is approximately four times more reactive than the 2-position. (wikipedia.org)
- 2,6-TDI is a symmetrical molecule and thus has two isocyanate groups of similar reactivity, similar to the 2-position on 2,4-TDI. (wikipedia.org)
- Airborne concentrations of free isocyanate s (methylene bisphenyl isocyanate and toluene diisocyanate ) indicated that these air-borne concentrations were not detected using the prescribed sampling and analytical methods and thus were within the acceptable evaluation criteria. (cdc.gov)
- The TDI-induced VEGF production/ secretion was reversed by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment, which may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with isocyanate-OA. (korea.ac.kr)
Synonyms1
- Appendix A lists commonly used synonyms for these three diisocyanates. (cdc.gov)
Occupational4
- EMSL Analytical provides testing services to identify the presence of toluene from occupational, indoor and environmental samples. (emsl.com)
- In occupational settings, workers can be exposed to toluene by breathing contaminated air or through skin contact. (emsl.com)
- To learn more about toluene testing or other occupational, environmental, health and safety services, please visit www.EMSL.com , call (800) 220-3675 or email [email protected] . (emsl.com)
- 2 Studies that have used information collected during military service suggest that occupational factors explain 25% of apparently new cases. (bmj.com)
Polyurethane4
- Profile for Toluene Di socyanate and with uncured polyurethane products. (cdc.gov)
- Polyurethane foam is a porous, cellular-structured, synthetic material made from the reaction of polyols and diisocyanates. (iqsdirectory.com)
- The flexible polyurethane foam was created through simultaneous polyurethane synthesis and gas generation by combining organic toluene diisocyanate (TDI), aliphatic polyester, water, and catalyst. (iqsdirectory.com)
- MDI is an aromatic compound of the diisocyanate family, which is widely used in the production of hard polyurethane foams and is used by the foaming industry worldwide 4 million tons per year [4]. (waocp.com)
Aliphatic1
- Diisocyanates are a group of low-molecular-weight aromatic and aliphatic compounds. (cdc.gov)
Dinitrotoluene2
- 2,4-TDI is prepared in three steps from toluene via dinitrotoluene and 2,4-diaminotoluene (TDA). (wikipedia.org)
- The first step is the nitration of toluene to obtain dinitrotoluene. (arpadis.com)
Chemicals4
- Toluene has been listed since 1991 on California's Proposition 65 list of chemicals known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity," said Joe Frasca, Senior Vice President of Marketing at EMSL Analytical, Inc. "The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that the central nervous system is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in humans for both short-term and long-term exposures. (emsl.com)
- Chemical Protection: EN 13832-3:2006 approval for footwear highly resistant to chemicals. (workmasterboots.com)
- The importance of the household appliance industry mainly comes from the fact that the industry relates to various industries (especially chemicals, petrochemicals, etc.). and the life of this industry and its expansion, given its broad economic aspects, such as employment and value-added, can be one of the most important goals for any country [2]. (waocp.com)
- Chemicals like anhydrides, diisocyanates including trimellitic anhydrides, and other chemicals can result in hypersensitvity pneumonitis (HP). (medscape.com)
Benzene1
Colorless2
- 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a strong irritating odor and toxic properties. (hiseachem.com)
- BisPhenol A (BPA) is a colorless solid with a molecular formula C 15 H 16 O 2 that is soluble in organic solvents, but not in water. (arpadis.com)
Respiratory2
Organic3
- Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H3(NCO)2. (wikipedia.org)
- Toluene diisocyanate is insoluble in water and miscible with most common organic solvents. (cdc.gov)
- Toluene (C 7 H 8 ) is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that is widely used in a number of industrial processes. (emsl.com)
Inhalation1
- Each 2 mL vial for oral inhalation use only contains 20 mg cromolyn sodium, USP in water for injection, USP. (nih.gov)
Classification1
- The reason for focusing only on the LLNA is 2-fold: first, because it is this assay that will most commonly be used to provide data that are suitable for potency ranking and classification, and second because the same general principles apply to results deriving from guinea pig tests. (cdc.gov)
Humans1
NIOSH5
- NIOSH therefore requests that editors of trade journals, safety and health officials, labor union leaders, employers, educators, and diisocyanate suppliers and manufacturers bring this Alert to the attention of all workers at risk. (cdc.gov)
- El 4 de febrero del 2020 es el Día Mundial contra el Cáncer , y estamos reflexionando acerca de las investigaciones sobre el cáncer ocupacional que se están realizando en el Instituto Nacional para la Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional (NIOSH), con el fin de reducir la carga del cáncer en todo el mundo. (cdc.gov)
- En NIOSH investigamos el riesgo carcinogénico relacionado con agentes físicos y químicos haciendo evaluaciones de trabajadores expuestos. (cdc.gov)
- En la última década, investigadores de NIOSH han publicado más de 50 estudios epidemiológicos sobre el cáncer relacionado con el lugar de trabajo. (cdc.gov)
- NIOSH ha tenido un impacto de gran alcance en evaluaciones a nivel nacional e internacional de agentes potencialmente carcinógenos, así como en los límites de exposición y las recomendaciones que han emitido agencias nacionales e internacionales. (cdc.gov)
Vinyl1
- Initial models yielded some evidence for increased risk for several compounds, including acrylamide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroprene, 4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline), propylene oxide, and vinyl chloride, but after adjustment for multiple comparisons, only results for propylene oxide and vinyl chloride remained statistically significant. (biomedcentral.com)
Commonly1
- BACKGROUND: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a low molecular weight compound,is commonly known as a factor causing asthma in chemical industry workers. (medscimonit.com)
Products2
- Others can be exposed to toluene both indoors and outdoors by breathing automobile exhaust, pumping gasoline, consuming contaminated foods or water, or using other products that contain toluene, such as kerosene, heating oil, paints and lacquers. (emsl.com)
- According to Philips, any DreamStation 2 products are safe to use. (1call.ms)
Chemically1
- Cromolyn sodium, USP is chemically designated as disodium 5,5'- [(2-hydroxytrimethylene)dioxy] bis [4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylate]. (nih.gov)
Reaction2
- Carbon is a product of the reaction of diisocyanates with water. (iqsdirectory.com)
- Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) CAS:584-84-9 TDI (Toluene Diisocyanate) is produced by a 3 step reaction. (arpadis.com)
Carbon2
- Carbon disulfide, N-hexane, and toluene are some of the more common industrial solvents. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] No data were reported for carbon disulfide and N-hexane exposures. (medscape.com)
Isocyanates1
- In this report, diisocyanates as a group will be referred to as isocyanates. (cdc.gov)
20202
Mixture3
- Distillation of the raw TDI mixture produces an 80:20 mixture of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI, known as TDI (80/20). (wikipedia.org)
- Differentiation or separation of the TDI (80/20) can be used to produce pure 2,4-TDI and a 65:35 mixture of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI, known as TDI (65/35). (wikipedia.org)
- Desmodur CQ T 80 MB is a mixture of the two isomeric forms 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate in the ratio 80:20. (covestro.com)
Ethanol2
- Discover the Power of 2 Ethoxy Ethanol for Your Business in Kenya and Nearby Port Locations! (kenyachemical.com)
- Introducing 2 Ethoxy Ethanol - the ultimate game-changer you've been waiting for. (kenyachemical.com)
20191
- 2019). En todo el mundo, hay entre 340 738 y 1 362 952 nuevos diagnósticos de cáncer cada año causados por exposiciones ocupacionales. (cdc.gov)
20161
- 2015). En el 2016 (el año más reciente sobre el que hay datos disponibles), hubo entre 49 761 y 132 697 nuevos casos de cáncer en los Estados Unidos que fueron causados por antiguas exposiciones en el lugar de trabajo (Grupo de Trabajo sobre Estadísticas de Cáncer de los EE. (cdc.gov)