SensitivityAntigenAntibodiesAntibody SpecificityGenesInfectionMicroorganismsRecognizesPathogensAssayCytochromePsittaciIsoformsProteinsHumansDistinctTropismMolecularPatternsLymph nodesDiversityOrganismsDormantBacteriaHostsHostHumanMechanismsOrgansCellsLesionsCross-speciesSamplesOccurRatsBiologicalZikaSerumAttemptsGene ExpressionStudiesTumorDiseaseRespiratoryExpressionRepresentativeBoundBlood
Sensitivity9
- The current regulatory method for OTC in fish tissue, based on microbial inhibition, lacks sensitivity and specificity. (usgs.gov)
- Once the specificity and sensitivity of the dipsticks are confirmed with greenhouse-generated Cps- and Che-infected leaf extracts, experiments will be conducted to identify optimal sampling strategies for Cps-infected boxwood plants before symptoms appear and in garden and nursery settings. (usda.gov)
- High specificity and sensitivity coupled rapid and an accurate result has proven role of FISH in both research and diagnosis of solid tumor and hematological malignancies. (biogenex.com)
- Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for this test were 92.5%, 100%, 100% and 99.1% respectively. (who.int)
- The demand for clinical signs or symptoms of pulmonary or sensitivity, specificity and speed of M. tu- extra-pulmonary TB) which had been sent berculosis detection led to the development to the TB laboratory at the Saudi-British of nucleic acid-based amplification tests to Laboratories for MTBC testing. (who.int)
- consistent with the observed species sensitivity to the development of respiratory-tract neoplasms. (cdc.gov)
- Pharmacodynamic factors are also expected to contribute to species sensitivity, potentially augmenting pharmacokinetics-based differences. (cdc.gov)
- ABSTRACT A serological study was carried out in Tiaret province in western Algeria on 1032 cows distributed in 95 flocks to estimate the prevalence of Brucella infection and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of a range of agglutination tests. (who.int)
- The complement fixation test evaluate a number of serological tests and was (CFT) used as the gold standard for to discuss some epidemiological aspects of measuring the sensitivity and specificity of brucellosis. (who.int)
Antigen4
- Yet, if and how the tissue environment shapes the antigen specificity of iNKT cells remains unknown. (elifesciences.org)
- By analysing iNKT cells from lymphoid tissues of mice and humans we demonstrate that their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse and is distinct for cells from various tissues resulting in differential lipid-antigen recognition. (elifesciences.org)
- They are not as effective as adaptive immune responses, which can afford to be more powerful on account of their antigen specificity . (nih.gov)
- These are capable of connecting any kind of cytotoxic T cell to a cancer cell, independently of T-cell receptor specificity, costimulation, or peptide antigen presentation. (aacrjournals.org)
Antibodies5
- A survey of various species by immunoblot analysis with several antibodies revealed little if any epitope relatedness among microsomal proteins from rats, mice, rabbits, hamsters, squirrel monkeys, guinea pigs, or humans. (nih.gov)
- For selecting a single species for further molecular evaluation however, availability or specificity of antibodies may be a consideration. (cdc.gov)
- The first bispecific antibodies looked like normal immunoglobin G (IgG) molecules but had their two binding arms equipped with distinct binding specificities. (aacrjournals.org)
- This enabled combination with an additional linker sequence of two single-chain antibodies of different binding specificity in tandem, in such a way that four gene products are ultimately aligned on a single polypeptide chain of approximately 55 kDa ( Fig. 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Our objective is to apply antibodies against surface proteins of the pathogens to develop portable, rapid low-cost "dipsticks" for detection of C. pseudonaviculata (Cps) and C. henricotiae (Che) in boxwood tissue extracts. (usda.gov)
Antibody Specificity1
- Find blocking peptides and proteins for use as quality controls to confirm antibody specificity. (novusbio.com)
Genes4
- Using RNA-Seq Gene Expression data, CoSIA provides multiple visualization tools to explore the transcriptome diversity and variation across genes, tissues, and species. (bioconductor.org)
- The clearest finding from proteomics experiments is that most human genes have a single main protein isoform, while those alternative isoforms that are identified tend to be the most biologically plausible: those with the most cross-species conservation and those that do not compromise functional domains. (blogspot.com)
- For orthologous genes in other vertebrate species, use the same symbol as in human, rat, and mouse, whenever possible. (jax.org)
- As additional genome sequences become available for other pathogenic and free-living spirochetes, comparisons of their genomes may elucidate genes that are unique to those species of spirochetes associated with ticks. (cdc.gov)
Infection11
- Most anatomical compartments, including mucosal surfaces and solid organs, host large populations of tissue-resident lymphocytes which are uniquely placed to provide local networks for immune surveillance and defence against infection ( Fan and Rudensky, 2016 ). (elifesciences.org)
- Host tropism is the infection specificity of certain pathogens to particular hosts and host tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- Knowledge of a pathogen's host specificity allows professionals in the research and medical industries to model pathogenesis and develop vaccines, medication, and preventive measures to fight against infection. (wikipedia.org)
- Pathogens frequently enter or adhere to host cells or tissues before causing infection. (wikipedia.org)
- Shin, H.Y. Tissue Specificity of Zika Virus Infection. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Tissue Specificity of Zika Virus Infection" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/27419 (accessed November 30, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
- The primary target tissues of ZIKV infection have been recognized as the maternal placenta and fetal brain. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Apical periodontal infection has been associated with 200 bacterial species, and 500 bacterial species have been reported with marginal periodontitis. (medscape.com)
- Change in the condition of any one of the above factors or combination thereof can result in oral hard or soft tissue infection. (medscape.com)
- Although MIF has shown greater specificity to C. psittaci than CF, positive serologic findings by both techniques may occur as a result of infection with other Chlamydia species and should be interpreted with caution. (cdc.gov)
- Infection can also occur by eating raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cysts, most commonly lamb, pork, or rarely beef. (msdmanuals.com)
Microorganisms1
- Endophytes are microorganisms that live in plant tissue and cause no harm. (ialr.org)
Recognizes1
- Recognizes mono- and polyubiquitinylated protein conjugates in a wide range of species. (enzolifesciences.com)
Pathogens6
- For instance, pathogens that are able to infect a wide range of hosts and tissues are said to be amphotropic. (wikipedia.org)
- Ecotropic pathogens, on the other hand, are only capable of infecting a narrow range of hosts and host tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- Some pathogens, such as anthrax, are spread by spores that are highly resistant to heat and drying, while others, such as the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ), are spread only by the exchange of bodily fluids or tissues because they are unable to survive as infectious agents outside the body. (nih.gov)
- Each individ- cluding immune cells, but also the was previously cal ed the gastroin- ual harbours hundreds of different metabolic and nervous systems), testinal flora or microflora, the more species, most of which have not and protecting against pathogens pragmatic term "microbiota" is now yet been cultured. (who.int)
- Because aerobic gram-negative bacilli (eg, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are the major pathogens associated with HAP, the pathophysiology of nosocomial pneumonia relates to the destructive effect on lung tissue. (medscape.com)
- Two groups of spirochetes stand out among these tick-borne species because of their prevalence as human pathogens: Lyme disease spirochetes, transmitted by the relatively slow-feeding ixodid (hard) ticks of the genus Ixodes , and relapsing fever spirochetes, transmitted by the fast-feeding argasid (soft) ticks of the genus Ornithodoros ( Figure 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Assay2
- Triplicate samples of rainbow trout fillet tissue fortified with OTC at 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, and 9.6 ppm and fillet tissue with incurred OTC at approximately 0.75, 1.5, and 3.75 ppm were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the microbial inhibition assay. (usgs.gov)
- Detection of C. psittaci DNA in a respiratory specimen (e.g. sputum, pleural fluid or tissue) via amplification of a specific target by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. (cdc.gov)
Cytochrome2
Psittaci1
- The mode of transmission is different among the three species ( C pneumoniae , C psittaci , and C trachomatis ), but all can cause systemic disease by hematogenous spread. (medscape.com)
Isoforms1
- While a small number of alternative isoforms are conserved across species, have strong tissue dependence, and are translated in detectable quantities, most have variable tissue specificities and appear to be evolving neutrally. (blogspot.com)
Proteins2
- They utilize a panel of lectins (saccharide-binding proteins with distinct sugar specificities) immobilized onto a solid surface. (muni.cz)
- Find functional native proteins isolated from serum, cell, and tissue sources. (novusbio.com)
Humans5
- Vertebrate animals play an integral role in the life cycle of tick species, whereas humans are incidental hosts. (cdc.gov)
- All three species can cause pneumonia in humans. (medscape.com)
- Humans can become infected by ingesting undercooked meat containing tissue cysts. (msdmanuals.com)
- Three isolates were identified from 105 blood samples from humans with brucellosis and 50 samples of milk and tissues from infected cows and they were all Brucella melitensis biovar 3. (who.int)
- The genus Borrelia currently contains 37 species of spirochetes, many of which cause diseases in humans and domestic animals ( Table ) ( 3 ) . (cdc.gov)
Distinct2
- Beyond the common features shared by all iNKT cells (including their CD1-restriction and innate-like properties), cells found in discrete tissues have distinct phenotypes and functions that critically modulate the outcome of immunity ( Crosby and Kronenberg, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
- Since numerous studies have indicated that there are slightly different tissue-specific pathologies in each animal model of ZIKV, the distinct ZIKV tropism of a given animal model must be understood to enable effective vaccine development. (encyclopedia.pub)
Tropism1
- Researchers can classify pathogenic organisms by the range of species and cell types that they exhibit host tropism for. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular1
- Symbols should not include tissue specificity and molecular weight designations. (jax.org)
Patterns5
- Explanations for the diversity of tropical herbivorous insects often focus on patterns of host specificity. (usda.gov)
- Patterns inferred from morphospecies collected on plant surfaces could underestimate both host specificity and diversity. (usda.gov)
- Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
- Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
- The tissue-specific expression patterns of these RNA species and their high stability in biological fluids are well established. (medscape.com)
Lymph nodes3
- However, ZIKV can also be transmitted to other adult tissues, including the reproductive system, brain, eyes, and lymph nodes ( Figure 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
- The highest recorded tissue drug levels were in the lymph nodes (4-6 μM), followed by kidney and liver (2.5, 2.0 uM, respectively). (duke.edu)
- The high tissue drug levels in lymph nodes have not been previously reported. (duke.edu)
Diversity3
- We used DNA sequence data to investigate species diversity of fruit flies attacking plants in the melon family in the Neotropics. (usda.gov)
- CoSIA uses the Coefficient of Variation and Shannon Entropy and Specificity to calculate transcriptome diversity and variation. (bioconductor.org)
- The overarching aim of my project is to elucidate the evolutionary role of predator-prey interactions in generating species diversity and adaptations. (szn.it)
Organisms2
Dormant1
- Most tumours begin growing within normal tissues (dormant) (a) until they out grow they nutrient availability of the local environment and cell death occurs alongside rapid cell division. (scientificamerican.com)
Bacteria4
- These nutrients can often be provided by host tissues, and that is why some bacteria need a host for survival. (wikipedia.org)
- Bacteria have various mechanisms for colonizing host tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, biofilm production allows bacteria to adhere to the host tissue surface, and it provides a protective environment ideal for bacterial growth. (wikipedia.org)
- Some bacteria, such as spirochetes, are capable of proliferating the host cell or tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Hosts1
- 5. Cats become infected after consuming intermediate hosts containing tissue cysts. (msdmanuals.com)
Host5
- All of these virulence factors either aid directly in host colonization or in host cell and tissue damage. (wikipedia.org)
- 52 species, including many cryptic species specializing on specific parts of single host species. (usda.gov)
- Most infectious agents show a significant degree of host specificity , causing disease only in one or a few related species. (nih.gov)
- What determines host specificity for every agent is not known, but the requirement for attachment to a particular cell-surface molecule is one critical factor. (nih.gov)
- Very few information is available on this predator-prey relationship at the species level, especially for deep-water taxa that tend to detach from their host upon collection. (szn.it)
Human6
- The results from large-scale proteomics experiments are in line with evidence from cross-species conservation, human population variation studies, and investigations into the relative effect of gene expression and alternative splicing. (blogspot.com)
- Almitrine is a drug used in the treatment of hypoxemic chronic lung diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema because it is a potent stimulant of the carotid bodies in human and different animal species that produces a long-lasting enhancement of alveolar ventilation, ameliorating arterial blood gases. (aspetjournals.org)
- Human axillary lymph node tissue containing pigmented melanoma metastases. (enzolifesciences.com)
- Immunohistochemistry analysis of human melanoma skin tissue using Melanoma marker (human) mAb (HMB45) (Ready-To-Use), (Prod. (enzolifesciences.com)
- Choose from over 50 different species including human, mouse, and rat! (novusbio.com)
- Except for Borrelia recurrentis (which causes louse-borne relapsing fever and is transmitted by the human body louse), all known species are transmitted by ticks ( 4 ) . (cdc.gov)
Mechanisms3
- Rats are often used as experimental animals for the study of toxic mechanisms and guinea pigs are a common species for toxicology tests, which are used to categorize chemicals as skin irritants. (cdc.gov)
- These challenges include identifying clinically relevant but nonteratogenic forms of the drug, and the mechanisms underlying phocomelia and species specificity. (hindawi.com)
- We illustrate where such mechanisms of pattern formation arise in biological systems from cellular to tissue scales, with an emphasis on morphogenesis. (mpi-cbg.de)
Organs1
- The damage caused by thalidomide was not mutually exclusive, with the majority of children exhibiting damage to multiple organs and tissues [ 3 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cells10
- Tissue homeostasis is critically dependent on the function of tissue-resident lymphocytes, including lipid-reactive invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. (elifesciences.org)
- This suggests that unique tissue-specific factors (including local lipid antigens, cytokines and/or hormones) may shape the population of iNKT cells resident in those tissues, ultimately regulating local immune responses. (elifesciences.org)
- and the presence of physical or chemical barriers within the cells and throughout the surrounding tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- Designed to visualize the expression of LAMP1 by fluorescence microscopy for staining cells and tissues. (rndsystems.com)
- Adherent cells or tissue should be dissociated and in single-cell suspension prior to fixation. (cellsignal.com)
- The glycosylation of cells reflects the biological species, tissue, and physiological state of the organism. (muni.cz)
- They can be used for glycan profiling of various samples, including purified glycoproteins, cell/tissue lysates, membrane vesicles, complex biological samples, or entire cells. (muni.cz)
- deletions, amplification and translocation in tissue sections or within individual cells. (biogenex.com)
- FISH can also be used to detect and localize specific RNA targets in cells, circulating tumor cells, and tissue samples. (biogenex.com)
- Rodent species show marked differ- ences in the distribution and regional density of Clara cells within the respiratory tract, as well as in their capacity to produce and eliminate SO. (cdc.gov)
Lesions1
- They also may be produced through manipulation of lesions or processing of tissue or secretions in the hospital or laboratory. (cdc.gov)
Cross-species2
- Cross-Species Investigation and Analysis (CoSIA) is a package that provides researchers with an alternative methodology for comparing across species and tissues using normal wild-type RNA-Seq Gene Expression data from Bgee. (bioconductor.org)
- CoSIA also provides additional conversion tools and utilities to provide a streamlined methodology for cross-species comparison. (bioconductor.org)
Samples6
- 50 species of the order Psittaciformes, and immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-PCR, and single cases of a clinically and morphologically largely nucleotide sequence analysis to examine paraffin wax- identical disease have also been found in nonpsittacine spe- embedded or frozen tissue samples of 31 psittacine birds cies ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- Tissue samples had been proventriculus, gizzard, and duodenum. (cdc.gov)
- Seibersdorf, Austria (J. Kolodziejek) paraffin wax-embedded tissue samples that are useful for DOI: 10.3201/eid1509.090353 retrospective studies. (cdc.gov)
- This antibody is not suitable for using in tissue samples when testing in WB application. (abcam.com)
- We use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect specific DNA samples of this aquatic invasive species in the feces of piscivorous fish of Lake Erie. (psu.edu)
- A total of ditional biochemical testing is undertaken to 866 samples were selected from routine di- identify the species, in itself a time con- agnostic respiratory and non-respiratory suming and challenging task necessitating samples (taken from patients with clear experienced personnel [ 2 ]. (who.int)
Occur1
- This presents a problem for the tumour as nutrients and in particular oxygen can only diffuse so far from the capillaries and if extra tissue is being laid down between capillaries, essentially pushing them apart, then tissue death will occur beyond where the nutrients can diffuse to. (scientificamerican.com)
Rats2
- The purpose of our study was to compare the time course and severity of the histopathological responses in rats and guinea pigs, so that this could be factored into our choice of species for mechanistic studies. (cdc.gov)
- In addition, after one-hour topical xylene exposure, severity in rats and guinea pigs progressively increased in dermal tissues at two, four and six hours. (cdc.gov)
Biological1
- We describe how these two species of Borrelia change their outer surface during their alternating infections in ticks and mammals, which in turn suggests biological functions for a few surface-exposed lipoproteins. (cdc.gov)
Zika1
- During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in tissues from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
Serum1
- Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is the main biomarker for detecting persistent/recurrent thyroid cancer, [ 1-3 ] although its specificity is limited in the presence of anti-Tg autoantibodies and residual normal thyroid tissue. (medscape.com)
Attempts1
- Attempts have been made to identify miRNAs associated with thyroid tissue in general, [ 20-22 ] thyroid tumor tissue, [ 20-25 ] and specific clinicopathological variables of thyroid tumors. (medscape.com)
Gene Expression2
- Gene expression levels, not alternative splicing, seem to be the key to tissue specificity. (blogspot.com)
- Together, our work identified Bonus as a regulator of tissue-specific gene expression and revealed the importance of SUMOylation as a regulator of complex formation in the context of transcriptional repression. (elifesciences.org)
Studies3
- One requirement for FDA to extend and expand the approval of this antibacterial agent to other fish species is residue depletion studies. (usgs.gov)
- Our current studies focus on discovering which species of fish prey upon these invasive gobies. (psu.edu)
- This group is also known for polyploidy studies due to diploid parents and allotetraploid species 2 . (nature.com)
Tumor1
- No other tumor type was increased significantly in either species. (cdc.gov)
Disease1
- ciated with the presence of novel virus species within the P family Bornaviridae , provisionally termed avian bornavi- roventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a serious and rus (ABV). (cdc.gov)
Respiratory2
- A mode of action-based physiologi- cally based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to predict the concentration of ST and SO in blood, liver, and the respiratory-tract tissues, particularly in terminal bron- chioles (target tisue), in order to conduct interspecies extrapolations and determine the extent to which there is a pharmacokinetic basis for the observed species specificity. (cdc.gov)
- PBPK model has a multicompartment description of the respiratory tract and incorporates species-specific quantitative information on respiratory-tract physiology, cellular composi- tion, and metabolic capacity. (cdc.gov)
Expression2
- There are pronounced species differences in both spontaneous and light-evoked expression of ZIF268 immunoreactivity. (nih.gov)
- [ 14 ] Dysregulated miRNA expression has been documented and characterized at the tissue level in many malignancies, including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common form of differentiated thyroid cancer. (medscape.com)
Representative2
- This tree includes only several representative species. (embl-heidelberg.de)
- The microbiome, the "other ge- species have no representative in nome" or "second genome" of the culture collections. (who.int)
Bound1
- Subsequent stringent washing steps remove any probe that is non-specifically bound to the tissue section. (biogenex.com)
Blood1
- This is particularly notable because, in these species, 20E is also produced by females after every blood meal, whereby 20E drives the oogenetic cycles (reviewed in ref. 8 ). (nature.com)