Thyroiditis. Medical search. Frequent questions

For the most common type, which is known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the treatment is to immediately start hormone replacement. (wikipedia.org)
However, Hashimoto's thyroiditis can initially present with excessive thyroid hormone being released from the thyroid gland (hyperthyroid). (wikipedia.org)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis was first described by Japanese physician Hashimoto Hakaru working in Germany in 1912. (wikipedia.org)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, and patients with this disease often complain about difficulty swallowing. (wikipedia.org)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid caused by an autoimmune disease in which anti-thyroid antibodies attack the thyroid gland. (bcm.edu)
In the U.S., Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause for Hashimoto's hypothyroidism-inflammation resulting from an underactive thyroid gland. (bcm.edu)
Some individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis may never develop hypothyroidism. (bcm.edu)
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis gets its name from Hakaru Hashimoto, who first described it in 1912. (bcm.edu)
disease Hashimoto's thyroiditis . (kidshealth.org)
What Is Hashimoto's Thyroiditis? (kidshealth.org)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (hah-she-MOE-toes thy-roy-DYE-tiss) is an autoimmune disease. (kidshealth.org)
What Happens in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis? (kidshealth.org)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an ongoing condition in which the immune system attacks the thyroid. (kidshealth.org)
How Are Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Diagnosed? (kidshealth.org)
To diagnose hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, doctors ask about a person's symptoms, do an exam, and order blood tests. (kidshealth.org)
Selenium is therapeutic in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (greenmedinfo.com)
Black cumin seeds improves serum lipids, atherogenic index of plasma and modulates anthropometric features in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (greenmedinfo.com)
there are several forms of thyroiditis, including chronic or Hashimoto's thyroiditis (also called autoimmune or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis), subacute thyroiditis, and painless or postpartum thyroiditis. (diagnose-me.com)
Alternative names: Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Hashimoto's Disease, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Thyroiditis is an inflammation - not an infection - of the thyroid gland. (diagnose-me.com)
Hypothyroidism is usually caused by an autoimmune disease ( Hashimoto's thyroiditis ), but may also be caused by radiation therapy, thyroid surgery, or certain medications. (diagnose-me.com)
There is an increased occurrence of thyroid disease ( Hashimoto's thyroiditis ) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. (diagnose-me.com)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a chronic (ongoing) condition where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid, a gland in the neck that makes thyroid hormone. (akronchildrens.org)
In rare cases, the immune system of someone with Hashimoto's thyroiditis can cause inflammation in the brain and nervous system . (akronchildrens.org)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is usually diagnosed by blood tests measuring the levels of thyroid hormone and the presence of antibodies. (akronchildrens.org)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis can be treated using a number of natural methods. (earthclinic.com)
Back flower remedies such as wild rose, elm, crab apple and milk thistle tea are also effective Hashimoto's thyroiditis treatments. (earthclinic.com)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as lymphocytic thyroiditis, is a condition in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, causing inflammation and decreased activity of the thyroid. (earthclinic.com)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis does not cause notable symptoms and typically develops very slowly. (earthclinic.com)
Selenium supplementation in people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis might reduce antibody levels and result in a decreased dosage of levothyroxine (LT 4 ) and may provide other beneficial effects (e.g. on mood and health-related quality of life). (karger.com)
The aim of our systematic review was to assess the effects of selenium supplementation on Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (karger.com)
In conclusion, the results of these four studies, assessed at unclear to high risk of bias, show that evidence to support or refute the efficacy of selenium supplementation in people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis is incomplete and not reliable to help inform clinical decision making. (karger.com)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is a common autoimmune disorder which tends to run in families and affects both genders at any age, although it is most often seen in middle-aged women [ 1,2 ]. (karger.com)
The aim of this systematic review is to examine all the data currently available in the literature on the effects of nutritional intervention on biochemical parameters (anti-thyroid antibody and thyroid hormones levels) and characteristic symptoms in the course of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (mdpi.com)
Gastrin and chromogranin A (CgA) levels have been tested for the diagnosis of enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia (ECLH) in patients with type 1 diabetes and autoimmune atrophic gastritis but not for patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). (karger.com)
Liu C, Pan Y, Li Q, Zhang Y. Bioinformatics analysis identified shared differentially expressed genes as potential biomarkers for Hashimoto's thyroiditis-related papillary thyroid cancer. (medsci.org)
Although the etiology of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), a common autoimmune endocrine disease, is unknown, studies suggest a potential association with genetic factors and environmental conditions inducing excessive iodine intake. (medsci.org)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), also known as lymphocytic thyroiditis, is a common autoimmune endocrine disease with an increasing prevalence in recent decades [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
To determine the relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and all stages of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with or without local lymph node metastasis (LNM). (harvard.edu)
To test the hypothesis that, a low Se intake could protect against goiter development in autoimmune thyroiditis, we analysed the Se concentration in 20 patients with the atrophic variant of lymphocytic thyroiditis, 23 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 23 patients with non-toxic nodular (colloid) goiter. (lu.se)
In addition, T cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis induce apoptosis in thyroid follicular cells, leading ultimately to the destruction of the gland. (scienceopen.com)
Lymphocytic (auto-immune, Hashimoto's) thyroiditis. (bmj.com)
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and IVIG Treatment? (mayoclinic.org)
Has anyone been recommended IVIG treatment for Hashimoto's thyroiditis? (mayoclinic.org)
One-Year Prophylactic Treatment of Euthyroid Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Patients with Levothyroxine: Is There a Benefit? (hotzehwc.com)
This study was to investigate the clinical value of grey-scale intensity quantitation analysis, also the 2D image and the distribution of blood flow by ultrasound in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients. (biomedres.info)
A total of 55 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in our hospital from January 2012 to June 2014 were enrolled, and 50 healthy cases were enrolled as controls. (biomedres.info)
There were significant differences of the size, internal echo, blood flow distribution, grey-scale intensity value between Hashimoto's thyroiditis group and control group. (biomedres.info)
The area under curve of greyscale intensity used for diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 0.870. (biomedres.info)
The majority of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients had the characteristic of increased thyroid volume, decreased echo and increased blood flow signals. (biomedres.info)
Grey-scale intensity quantitation analysis of ultrasound has significant differences between Hashimoto's thyroiditis group and normal group, Grey-scale intensity quantitative analysis technology has high clinical value. (biomedres.info)
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) is now considered the most common autoimmune thyroiditis, the most common endocrine disorder, as well as the most common cause of hypothyroidism [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedres.info)
A total of 55 patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT group) in our hospital from January 2012 to June 2014 were enrolled retrospectively, and the male/female rate was 6/46, age was 15-76 y. (biomedres.info)
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland making it difficult to function. (healthifyme.com)
Usually, the food items that help better function the thyroid gland help improve Hashimoto's thyroiditis condition. (healthifyme.com)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. (healthifyme.com)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in today's world. (healthifyme.com)
In brief, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease. (healthifyme.com)
What is Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Diet? (healthifyme.com)
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Diet is a diet that reduces inflammation of the thyroid gland. (healthifyme.com)
Diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis cause a hormone imbalance, disrupting the thyroid gland's hormone production to varying degrees. (medicalnewstoday.com)
However, Hashimoto's thyroiditis can sometimes cause lasting thyroid damage, which stops the gland from working properly and almost always leads to hypothyroidism , or underactive thyroid. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Learn more about Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
According to research, black cumin seed extract can be considered as a useful therapeutic approach in management of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (everphi.com)
Sexual Function and Depressive Symptoms in Young Women with Euthyroid Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Receiving Vitamin D, Selenomethionine and Myo-Inositol: A Pilot Study. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of this study was to compare sexual functioning and depressive symptoms in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis receiving different treatments . (bvsalud.org)
The Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neurological condition that is associated with the presence of high concentrations of anti-thyroid antibodies and with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (bvsalud.org)

from a patient with thyrotoxicosis from lymphocytic or subacute granulomatous thyroiditis. (medscape.com)
Patients eventually become euthyroid (i.e. not left with hyper or hypothyroidism) Patients with lymphocytic thyroiditis - may develop persistent goiter (enlarged thyroid ) and thyroid failure, which can be treated with thyroid replacement therapy. (rxmed.com)
Hashimoto thyroiditis is chronic autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid with lymphocytic infiltration. (merckmanuals.com)
Hashimoto thyroiditis , also known as lymphocytic thyroiditis or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis , is a subtype of autoimmune thyroiditis . (radiopaedia.org)

Painless thyroiditis occurs when the thyroid gland becomes inflamed and consequently vacillates between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. (bcm.edu)
In subacute thyroiditis, there is a short period of both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism accompanied by pain and discomfort in the neck. (bcm.edu)
Thyroiditis often results in hypothyroidism. (diagnose-me.com)
levels are invariably raised in hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto thyroiditis and in primary hypothyroidism from any cause. (medscape.com)
Schmidt syndrome-a combination of Addison disease with hypothyroidism secondary to Hashimoto thyroiditis and/or type 1 diabetes mellitus). (merckmanuals.com)
Autoimmune thyroiditis is a disorder that may cause hypothyroidism. (cdc.gov)

Women who were recently pregnant may develop painless postpartum thyroiditis. (bcm.edu)
The highest elevation in subacute thyroiditis is associated with subacute postpartum thyroiditis. (medscape.com)
In postpartum thyroiditis there is an association with other autoimmune diseases (e.g. lupus, vitiligo , Type 1 diabetes etc.) or a positive family history. (rxmed.com)
Stagnaro-Green A. Approach to the patient with postpartum thyroiditis. (medscape.com)

Elevated levels of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream cause both conditions, but thyrotoxicosis is the term used with thyroiditis since the thyroid gland is not overactive, as in the case of hyperthyroidism. (wikipedia.org)
Patients may develop radiation-induced thyroiditis following treatment with radioactive iodine for hyperthyroidism or radiation therapy for cancers. (bcm.edu)
Hyperthyroidism and thyroiditis. (medlineplus.gov)
Radioactive iodine thyroid scanning is helpful in patients with hyperthyroidism who are thought to have subacute thyroiditis, because the extremely low uptake is consistent with the thyrocellular destruction in progress. (medscape.com)
In order to differentiate between Graves' hyperthyroidism and painless thyroiditis a radioactive iodine uptake scan is often performed. (rxmed.com)
This leads to infiltration of the gland by T cells and B cells that produce antibodies specific for clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease (GD) and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (cAIT). (scienceopen.com)
Thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid gland, can cause hyperthyroidism. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Cytodiagnostic Accuracy of Hashimoto Thyroiditis: Correlatio. (lww.com)
The diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), especially in a nodular goiter, can be challenging. (lww.com)
Iodine uptake and scan usually are not indicated for the diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis. (medscape.com)
A literature review by Travaglino et al found that with regard to evidence of the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, the pooled prevalence was 78.9% in patients with primary thyroid lymphoma. (medscape.com)
A significantly higher prevalence of Hashimoto thyroiditis was found in patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma or with mixed MALT/diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) than in those with DLBCL alone. (medscape.com)
Hashimoto thyroiditis is a histologic diagnosis. (medscape.com)
eg, heat intolerance, weight loss) that may be due to release of thyroid hormones during the inflammatory phase of thyroiditis or from co-existence of Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis in the gland. (merckmanuals.com)
It is difficult to reliably sonographically differentiate Hashimoto thyroiditis from other thyroid pathology. (radiopaedia.org)
In some situations, large nodules may be present, which may be referred to as nodular Hashimoto thyroiditis 10 . (radiopaedia.org)
Although Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a predisposing factor for B-lineage thyroid lymphoma, clonal B-cell populations in HT are rare. (bmj.com)

It can also be caused by an infection, like a virus or bacteria, which works in the same way as antibodies to cause inflammation in the glands, such as in the case of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain). (wikipedia.org)
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is elevated only with subacute granulomatous thyroiditis and is usually greater than 50 mm/h, often exceeding 100 mm/h. (medscape.com)

Antibodies that attack the thyroid are what causes most types of thyroiditis. (wikipedia.org)
Certain people make thyroid antibodies, and thyroiditis can be considered an autoimmune disease, because the body acts as if the thyroid gland is foreign tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Blood tests also help to determine the kind of thyroiditis and to see how much thyroid stimulating hormone the pituitary gland is producing and what antibodies are present in the body. (wikipedia.org)
Approximately 10% of lupus patients have thyroid antibodies, and autoimmune thyroiditis occasionally coexists with SLE. (diagnose-me.com)
The investigators created a group of synthetic peptides derived from U12 and U51 and then conducted multiplex assays to detect IgG and IgM antibodies directed at these peptides in 79 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and 32 healthy control subjects. (hhv-6foundation.org)
Figure 1 - Patients with acute autoimmune thyroiditis positive and negative for IgG antibodies to HHV-6 peptides and thyroid autoantibodies levels. (hhv-6foundation.org)

When conditions become more severe, depending on the type of thyroiditis, one may start to see puffiness around the eyes, slowing of the heart rate, a drop in body temperature, or even incipient heart failure. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Treatments for this disease depend on the type of thyroiditis that is diagnosed. (wikipedia.org)
The causes of thyroiditis are thought to be associated with a viral infection autoimmune response to thyroid tissue - the most common type of thyroiditis e.g. (rxmed.com)

The association was most pronounced in autoimmune disorders (Graves' disease and autoimmune thyroiditis ), although there was still a strong association for non-autoimmune thyroid disorders. (diagnose-me.com)
Graves disease shows increased uptake whereas thyroiditis shows markedly decreased uptake of the iodine. (rxmed.com)
RÉSUMÉ La première description des pathologies thyroïdiennes, telles qu'on les connaît aujourd'hui, a été celle de la maladie de Graves par Caleb Parry en 1786, mais la pathogenèse de l'affection thyroïdienne n'a pas été découverte avant 1882-1886. (who.int)

There are many different signs and symptoms for thyroiditis, none of which are exclusively limited to this disease. (wikipedia.org)
Many of the signs imitate symptoms of other diseases, so thyroiditis can sometimes be difficult to diagnose. (wikipedia.org)
Subacute thyroiditis occurs most often in middle-aged women with symptoms of a viral upper respiratory tract infection in the past month. (medlineplus.gov)
You have thyroiditis and symptoms do not improve with treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
Occasionally an under-active thyroid condition called Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis, known as HAIT or, simply, thyroiditis has been associated with a range of anxiety symptoms. (diagnose-me.com)
Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis has been associated with a range of anxiety symptoms including panic attack. (diagnose-me.com)

and (3) chronic thyroiditis, which is usually autoimmune in nature. (medscape.com)
In childhood, chronic thyroiditis is the most common of these 3 types. (medscape.com)
Chronic thyroiditis or Hashimoto's disease is a common thyroid gland disorder that can occur at any age, but it is most often seen in middle-aged women. (diagnose-me.com)

Nishimaki M, Isozaki O, Yoshihara A, Okubo Y, Takano K. Clinical characteristics of frequently recurring painless thyroiditis: contributions of higher thyroid hormone levels, younger onset, male gender, presence of thyroid autoantibody and absence of goiter to repeated recurrence. (medscape.com)

Laboratory studies are important in the workup of thyroiditis, while thyroid ultrasonography is useful in revealing abscess formation in patients with acute thyroiditis. (medscape.com)

Such is also the case in Riedel thyroiditis, an inflammation in which the thyroid tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue which can extend to neighbouring structures. (wikipedia.org)
The second form of thyroiditis, Riedel struma, is rare in children. (medscape.com)
RIEDEL thyroiditis: A case report from Nigeria. (alliedacademies.org)
Diagnosing Riedel thyroiditis correctly happens only when one has a high index of suspicion for it, and this is not probable because of rarity of the variant in clinical practice and consequent lack of exposure to its management. (alliedacademies.org)

he thinks I have post partum thyroiditis. (healingwell.com)
Prevalence of post-partum thyroiditis in Liguria (Italy): an observational study. (medscape.com)

The hyperthyroid and hypothyroid phases of drug-induced thyroiditis can usually be managed by medication alone. (bcm.edu)

citation needed] Thyroiditis is a group of disorders that all cause thyroidal inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
Some doctors report finding that a high percentage of patients with autoimmune disorders, such as thyroiditis , are also deficient in DHEA, and should be tested. (diagnose-me.com)

Moreover, acute thyroiditis requires immediate parenteral antibiotic therapy before abscess formation begins. (medscape.com)
Thyroid ultrasonography is useful in revealing abscess formation in patients with acute thyroiditis. (medscape.com)
In patients with acute thyroiditis, fine-needle aspiration can be used to obtain material for culture, enabling appropriate antibiotic therapy. (medscape.com)
The last disorder in the above list, acute suppurative thyroiditis, is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection of the thyroid via the conduit of a congenital pyriform sinus fistula. (medscape.com)
A study by Masuoka et al of 60 patients with acute suppurative thyroiditis found that careful imaging can provide clues to an early diagnosis of this condition, which can develop into a life-threatening endocrine emergency. (medscape.com)
Imaging studies in sixty patients with acute suppurative thyroiditis. (medscape.com)

Most cases were women, had Roux-en-Y surgery years prior to diagnosis and few IBD-related complications. (medscape.com)

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common autoimmune thyroid disease. (scienceopen.com)

ABSTRACT We evaluated the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in a random sample of 1188 schoolchildren aged 8-13 years with normalized iodine intake in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)

Thyroiditis is the inflammation of the thyroid gland. (wikipedia.org)
The most common and helpful way to diagnose thyroiditis is first for a physician to palpate the thyroid gland during a physical examination. (wikipedia.org)
Subacute thyroiditis is an immune reaction of the thyroid gland that often follows an upper respiratory infection. (medlineplus.gov)
The most obvious symptom of subacute thyroiditis is pain in the neck caused by a swollen and inflamed thyroid gland. (medlineplus.gov)

The most specific autoantibody for autoimmune thyroiditis is antithyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) antibody. (medscape.com)
Antithyroid antibody titers can be elevated temporarily in all causes of subacute thyroiditis. (medscape.com)
The study results suggest that although all antibody-lowering treatments are associated with better sexual functioning and well-being in young women with euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis , the greatest benefits are observed in patients receiving vitamin D . (bvsalud.org)

According to the researchers, selenium deficiency appears to contribute to the development and maintenance of autoimmune thyroiditis because of its effect on the function of selenium-dependent enzymes, which can modulate the immune system. (diagnose-me.com)

Radioactive iodine treatment and antithyroid therapy are never appropriate for these forms of subacute thyroiditis. (medscape.com)

Daniel Agardh's group Our researchThe overall purpose of our research is to uncover the genetic and environmental etiology of three autoimmune diseases - celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and autoimmune thyroiditis. (lu.se)

Thyroiditis is generally caused by an immune system attack on the thyroid, resulting in inflammation and damage to the thyroid cells. (wikipedia.org)
Some drugs, such as interferon, lithium, amiodarone and immune check point inhibitors can also cause thyroiditis. (wikipedia.org)
Autoimmune thyroiditis occurs when thyroid cells are damaged by the immune system. (thyroid.org)
RÉSUMÉ Nous avons évalué la prévalence de la thyroïdite auto-immune dans un échantillon aléatoire de 1 188 élèves âgés de 8 à 13 ans recevant un apport d'iode standard en République islamique d'Iran. (who.int)

Secondary thyroiditis may be due to the administration of amiodarone to treat cardiac arrhythmias or the administration of interferon-alpha to treat viral diseases. (medscape.com)
Does having autoimmune thyroiditis make me more likely to have other autoimmune diseases (like hepatitis? (thyroid.org)
Autoimmune thyroiditis can also occasionally be associated with other autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, or celiac sprue disease. (thyroid.org)

I have thyroiditis as well and now my tsh levels are 4.70 in hypothyroid ranges. (healingwell.com)

Hello Michaelpaul: I also was diagnosed with hashimotos thyroiditis, and have high markers also, even though I take levothyroxine daily (AM, empty stomach, AT LEAST one hour before eating). (mayoclinic.org)

Clinical characteristics of subacute thyroiditis classified according to human leukocyte antigen typing. (medscape.com)
Clinical features and outcome of subacute thyroiditis in an incidence cohort: Olmsted County, Minnesota, study. (medscape.com)

The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis in adolescent girls with PCOS. (viamedica.pl)

Previous research has suggested that HHV-6A/B may both trigger some cases of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) ( Caselli 2012 ) ( Sultanova 2017 ). (hhv-6foundation.org)

Anatomy4

Organisms3

Diseases32

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes1

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis66

Lymphocytic4

Hypothyroidism6

Postpartum4

Hyperthyroidism7

Hashimoto Thyroiditis10

Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis2

Antibodies6

Type of thyroiditis3

Graves3

Symptoms6

Chronic thyroiditis3

Goiter1

Workup1

Riedel4

Post partum thyroiditis2

Drug-induced thyroiditis1

Disorders2

Acute6

Diagnosis1

Common autoimmune1

Prevalence1

Gland4

Antibody3

Selenium1

Radioactive1

Etiology1

Immune4

Diseases3

Hypothyroid1

Levothyroxine1

Clinical2

Adolescent1

20171