• A struma ovarii (literally: goitre of the ovary) is a rare form of monodermal teratoma that contains mostly thyroid tissue, which may cause hyperthyroidism. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the cause of hyperthyroidism is not obvious, struma ovarii could be a possible cause. (bmj.com)
  • It is often confused with hyperthyroidism , which is caused by excessive endogenous thyroid hormone production. (medscape.com)
  • Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis in which accelerated thyroid hormone biosynthesis and secretion by the thyroid gland produce thyrotoxicosis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] This is because, although many patients have thyrotoxicosis caused by hyperthyroidism, other patients may have thyrotoxicosis resulting from inflammation of the thyroid gland, which causes the release of stored thyroid hormone but not accelerated synthesis, or they may have thyrotoxicosis, which is caused by ingestion of exogenous thyroid hormone. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with chronic hepatitis type C and interferon-alpha-induced hyperthyroidism in two-years clinical follow-up. (nel.edu)
  • Autoimmune thyroid dysfunctions remain a common cause of both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in pregnant women. (medscape.com)
  • Hyperthyroidism is characterized by hypermetabolism and elevated serum levels of free thyroid hormones. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Benign strumosis is a rare version where mature thyroid tissue implants are present throughout the peritoneal cavity. (medscape.com)
  • The vast majority of strumae ovarii are benign, but malignant disease is found in a small percentage of cases, the most common being papillary thyroid carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • For the vast majority of patients, the struma is benign, and the prognosis is excellent. (medscape.com)
  • Nearby to the tumor was a segment with hyperplastic thyroid follicles and colloid abundance compatible to monodermal teratoma (struma ovarii type) with benign histological features. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusion Struma ovarii is a rare ovarian tumor mainly with benign histological features. (bmj.com)
  • We sarcoma cancer follow up 58 cases registered in the Pathology Sarcoma cancer follow up as oophorectomy or hysterectomy specimens diagnosed with ovarian tumors, including benign, borderline and malignant tumors of various histological types. (metin2kiss.ro)
  • Based on their tumoral behavior, we had: three cases of benign tumors, all of them associated with a different histological tumor type and grade in the contralateral ovary, 12 cases of borderline tumors and 46 cases sarcoma cancer by age sarcoma cancer follow up tumors 39 cases of primary and 7 cases of secondary tumors. (metin2kiss.ro)
  • Mucin in benign thyroid nodules: treatment related change or not? (oalib.com)
  • The ovaries consist of different types of tissue ( epithelial , germ cells, and sex cord tissue), which may give rise to benign or malignant tumors . (amboss.com)
  • It is defined by the presence of thyroid tissue comprising more than 50% of the overall mass. (medscape.com)
  • Strumal carcinoid is defined by the presence of carcinoid tissue within a struma ovarii. (medscape.com)
  • Pathological examination reveals thyroid tissue as the major component of the mass and is most commonly found in a teratoma. (medscape.com)
  • Although the tumor is predominately composed of thyroid tissue, thyrotoxicosis is seen in only 5% of all cases. (medscape.com)
  • It contains cells from only one type of tissue. (cancerwall.com)
  • Introduction/Background Struma ovarii is a specialized or monodermal teratoma predominantly composed of mature thyroid tissue. (bmj.com)
  • We describe an unusual case of ectopic thyroid tissue found in the gallbladder wall of a 68-year-old man who underwent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. (ksbu.edu.tr)
  • Pathological findings were compatible with ectopic thyroid tissue in the gallbladder wall. (ksbu.edu.tr)
  • Malignant struma ovarii is a rare ovarian neoplasm composed predominantly of mature thyroid tissue. (nel.edu)
  • Proposed mechanisms include a tissue-specific defect in suppressor T-cell activity, a genetically programmed presentation of a thyroid-specific antigen, and an idiotype/anti-idiotype reaction. (medscape.com)
  • A chronic disease characterized by enlargement (goiter) and dense chronic lymphocytic infiltrates in the thyroid tissue, hypothyroidism. (labpedia.net)
  • In the beginning, the patient may be euthyroid, but with time, the patient will lose thyroid tissue and develop hypothyroidism. (labpedia.net)
  • In the advanced stage, the thyroid tissue is replaced by lymphocytes and fibrosis. (labpedia.net)
  • A teratoma is a tumor made up of several different types of tissue , such as hair , muscle , teeth , or bone . (mdwiki.org)
  • A mature teratoma often contains several different types of tissue such as skin , muscle , and bone . (mdwiki.org)
  • however, malignant tumours of this type are found in a small percentage of cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • In an analysis of 88 patients with malignant struma ovarii, several factors were identified as being associated with recurrence or extraovarian spread. (medscape.com)
  • In the most recent World Health Organization classification, malignant struma ovarii are included in the thyroid tumor group. (medscape.com)
  • In a study of 68 patients with malignant struma ovarii, Goffredo et al found excellent disease-specific survival rates for the condition no matter which treatment-unilateral oophorectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, oophorectomy and omentectomy, or debulking surgery-was used. (medscape.com)
  • Primary malignant tumors are the most frequent type of ovarian tumors and their age incidence ranges from the third to the eighth decade. (metin2kiss.ro)
  • Histologic examination of PTT-affected thyroid glands affected reveals destructive lymphocytic thyroiditis (see Histologic Findings). (medscape.com)
  • Other thyroid diseases are Transient thyroiditis syndrome and idiopathic hypothyroidism. (labpedia.net)
  • Such release is commonly caused by the destructive changes of various types of thyroiditis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hashimoto Thyroiditis Hashimoto thyroiditis is chronic autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid with lymphocytic infiltration. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Another type of ovarian teratoma is monodermal teratoma. (cancerwall.com)
  • Iodine-123 thyroid scan in a patient with Graves disease: Tracer uptake is uniform throughout the gland. (medscape.com)
  • Iodine-123 thyroid scan in a patient with Graves disease. (medscape.com)
  • Note the high level of iodine concentration near the thyroid. (medscape.com)
  • It is metabolized so one iodine atom is removed to produce T3 - about 10 times as active as T4 in binding to a receptor that exerts the action as receptor to the thyroid hormone. (cdc.gov)
  • On a portion of thyroid cell facing the blood stream there is a protein called sodium iodine symporter that transports iodine into the thyroid cell. (cdc.gov)
  • The iodine is what the cells need to make the thyroid hormone. (cdc.gov)
  • In the normal U.S. diet, iodine intake is about 250 micrograms or ¼ milligram (mg) of iodine per day, which goes into the thyroid cells and is incorporated into amino acids called tyrosine (in a large thyroglobulin molecule). (cdc.gov)
  • These circulating toxic autoantibodies eventually destroy the thyroid gland and produce hypothyroidism. (labpedia.net)
  • Findings include painless thyroid enlargement and symptoms of hypothyroidism. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some of the cystic spaces may demonstrate low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images due to the thick, gelatinous colloid of the struma. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term thyrotoxicosis refers to the hypermetabolic clinical syndrome resulting from serum elevations in thyroid hormone levels, specifically free thyroxine (T4) and/or triiodothyronine (T3). (medscape.com)
  • A decrease in blood thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) levels results in the inhibition of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin production. (medscape.com)
  • The thyroid produces thyroxine, and it is needed for body growth and metabolism. (labpedia.net)
  • The thyroid secretes thyroxine (T4), & triiodothyronine (T3) that exert effects on peripheral tissues exerting the actions of thyroid hormone. (cdc.gov)
  • thyroxine [T4] and triiodothyronine [T3]) from the thyroid, caused by thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) or by autonomous thyroid hyperfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The ultrasound (US) features of struma ovarii are nonspecific, but a heterogeneous, predominantly solid mass may be seen. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most frequent histologic type was represented by high-grade serous carcinoma Rare primary ovarian tumors were represented by: adult granulosa cell tumor, clear cell carcinoma, sarcoma cancer by age serous-mucinous carcinoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma 1. (metin2kiss.ro)
  • If there is exposure to extrathyroidal sources of thyroid hormone, which may be either endogenous (struma ovarii, metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer) or exogenous (factitious thyrotoxicosis). (medscape.com)
  • The common causes of thyrotoxicosis have different pathophysiologic features and include autoimmune diseases, functioning thyroid adenomas, and infections. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Strumae ovarii comprise 1% of all ovarian tumors and 2-5% of ovarian teratomas. (medscape.com)
  • Struma ovarii comprise 1% of all ovarian tumors and 2 to 5% of ovarian teratomas. (bmj.com)
  • If constitutive activation of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion occurs, leading to autonomous release of excess thyroid hormone. (medscape.com)
  • If thyroid stores of preformed hormone are passively released in excessive amounts because of autoimmune, infectious, chemical, or mechanical insult. (medscape.com)
  • Thyroid hormone homeostasis is illustrated in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • Illustration of the negative feedback loop causing homeostasis of thyroid hormone levels. (medscape.com)
  • This factor had a longer duration of action than that of thyrotropin (ie, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]), the long-acting thyroid stimulator. (medscape.com)
  • Other autoantibodies are against the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. (labpedia.net)
  • The pituitary gland produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) that goes into the blood stream to activate thyroid cells, which then secrete T3 and T4 into the peripheral tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • The hypothalamus secretes a small peptide called Thyroid Releasing Hormone. (cdc.gov)
  • The thyroid hormone exerts negative feedback on cells that produce TSH, causing them to shut down production. (cdc.gov)
  • When it senses not enough thyroid hormone circulating it produces more TSH. (cdc.gov)
  • When T4 is converted to T3 it produces the more active thyroid hormone and activates the pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • It is a very active transport due to the need to produce thyroid hormone. (cdc.gov)
  • The action of thyroid hormone is on the nucleus, which is true for a lot of hormones. (cdc.gov)
  • The action of hormones are transduced by regulating the synthesis of proteins (5% of proteins in the body are regulated by thyroid hormone). (cdc.gov)
  • With no thyroid hormone an infant becomes a cretin, having poor intellectual development, and is short. (cdc.gov)
  • The thyroid hormone regulates energy and fat metabolism and protein synthesis by regulating different enzymes that are involved in those processes. (cdc.gov)
  • It can also result from excessive release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid without increased synthesis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • questions on the mechanism and drugs involved in thyroid hormone formation and inhibition. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • CD16 and CD56 are markers for NK Cells *Rx for Mycoplasma pneumonia (cold agglutinins) mentioned in stem  Erythromycin, Tetracycline *Guy had occult blood in stool and fibrosis in kidney  Polyarteritis Nodosa *What type of HSN reaction is the PPD test for TB  Type IV HSN Rx *ADH hormone 2nd messenger  adenylyl cyclase / cAMP *Pt. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • Core needle biopsy of thyroid nodules - evaluation of diagnostic utility and pain experience. (nel.edu)
  • A crucial problem in the non-operative diagnosis of thyroid nodules is the significant amount of non-diagnostic biopsies. (nel.edu)
  • Stangierski A, Wolinski K, Martin K, Leitgeber O, Ruchala M. Core needle biopsy of thyroid nodules - evaluation of diagnostic utility and pain experience. (nel.edu)
  • Almost all patients with this disease have positive test results for the thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), an autoantibody against thyroid peroxidase enzyme. (medscape.com)
  • Autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase are found in high titers. (labpedia.net)
  • PPT is an autoimmune thyroid disease that occurs during the first year after delivery. (medscape.com)
  • Of interest, symptoms of autoimmune thyroid diseases tend to improve during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • The improvement in thyroid autoimmune diseases is thought to be due to the altered immune status in pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • The defect that predisposes an individual to develop autoimmune thyroid disease is still unknown. (medscape.com)
  • Adams and Purves described the concept of Graves disease as an autoimmune dysfunction of the thyroid gland. (medscape.com)
  • The spectrum of thyroid autoimmune diseases is vast. (labpedia.net)
  • There are two major forms of the autoimmune disease of thyroid are known. (labpedia.net)
  • More than 2% of older people have autoimmune thyroid disease. (labpedia.net)
  • Even its low level (titer) correlates with thyroid involvement by autoimmune disease. (labpedia.net)
  • Antibodies against thyroid microsomes are found in about 7% of the population, ranging from 1:100 to 1:1600. (labpedia.net)
  • Pituitary adenoma in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: a cohort study. (uliege.be)
  • These include adhesions, peritoneal fluid of 1 liter or more, ovarian serosal rent, a papillary histology, or a struma component 12 cm or more. (medscape.com)
  • Malignancy is defined by various criteria in different studies, principally differing on classifying struma as either a thyroid or ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • As a result, current drugs that solely target the HGF/c-MET axis and the Hh pathway demonstrate only moderate efficacy in specific types of cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • This may be used to monitor thyroid cancer. (labpedia.net)
  • Regardless of the cause, the common outcome is the production of 1 or more types of autoantibodies, which affect thyroid function positively or negatively. (medscape.com)
  • Further studies revealed that these long-acting thyroid stimulators are autoantibodies directed against the TSH receptor. (medscape.com)
  • The activating versions of the TSH receptor are the thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies, which activate adenylate cyclase and which stimulate thyroid function. (medscape.com)
  • Thyroid autoantibodies are frequently detected in healthy individuals, particularly in women. (labpedia.net)
  • Defined as a tumor of ovarian origin, struma ovarii occurs exclusively in genetic females. (medscape.com)
  • Struma ovarii typically presents between the ages of 40-60 and rarely occurs before puberty. (medscape.com)
  • Thyroid imaging and radiotracer thyroid uptake measurements, combined with serologic data, enable specific diagnosis and appropriate patient treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis is clinical and with thyroid function tests. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Ectopic thyroid in the gallbladder: Repo. (ksbu.edu.tr)
  • The released thyrotropin stimulates synthesis and release of T3/T4 by the thyroid, which in turn tends to inhibit further thyrotropin release. (medscape.com)
  • There is evidence of T-lymphocytic mediated cytotoxic reaction involving thyroid antigen. (labpedia.net)
  • In terms of histologic features, the thyroid glands of patients with Graves disease show follicular hypertrophy and hyperplasia (see Histologic Findings). (medscape.com)
  • Struma ovarii is a rare ovarian tumor that was first described in 1899. (medscape.com)
  • Struma ovarii is rare. (medscape.com)
  • This type of tumor is usually present in woman under 20 years of age and it is extremely rare. (cancerwall.com)
  • Ectopic thyroid is a rare developmental anomaly. (ksbu.edu.tr)
  • These investigators noted that the sera of patients with Graves disease contained a factor that stimulated the murine thyroid gland. (medscape.com)
  • This is the most common type of ovarian germ cell tumor . (cancerwall.com)
  • They are a type of germ cell tumor (a tumor that begins in the cells that give rise to sperm or eggs ). (mdwiki.org)
  • Dr. Hershman is here to make his presentation because issues of thyroid disease and I-131 exposures are significant issues to the Subcommittee. (cdc.gov)
  • Thyroid disorders are the second most common endocrinologic disorders found in pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • Immature teratoma has one of the lowest rates of somatic mutation of any tumor type and results from one of five mechanisms of meiotic failure. (mdwiki.org)