domain 3 (residues 175-191) is highly hydrophobic and acts as a signal sequence for E1 envelope protein. (wikipedia.org)
Crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of the effector protein SidI of Legionella pneumophila reveals a glucosyl transferase domain. (resist-cluster.de)
Antibody2
Finally, antibody responses to the envelope proteins develop slowly and achieve only modest titers during primary infection. (medscape.com)
The detection of antibody to non-structural protein (NSP) of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the reliable diagnostic method for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). (bvsalud.org)
Antibodies4
In addition, it has been reported that antibodies against a nonstructural protein of the tickborne encephalitis virus are also able to protect against virus challenge. (medscape.com)
For this purpose, the detection of antibodies to non-structural 3ABC protein is suitable for identification of virus activity in the animals exposed to FMDV infection. (bvsalud.org)
This protein can be used as a suitable diagnostic antigen to detect antibodies following FMDV infection. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, research has been conducted for preparation of antibodies against envelope proteins in blood serum samples of HCV patients. (justia.com)
Structural1
The thus replicated HCV genomic RNA is packaged by the Core protein and envelope proteins (E1 protein and E2 protein), which are structural proteins, so that new viral particles are formed. (justia.com)
Binds2
[ 6 ] In addition, the E2 protein binds to CD81, which is thought to be a receptor for HCV, [ 7 ] although the CD81 binding region of E2 is probably not located within the HVR1 site. (medscape.com)
First, HCV binds to a specific protein (virus receptor) on the cell surface and is incorporated by endocytosis into the host cell. (justia.com)
Genome4
citation needed] The proteins of this virus are arranged along the genome in the following order: N terminal-core-envelope (E1)-E2-p7-nonstructural protein 2 (NS2)-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B-C terminal. (wikipedia.org)
NS1 (p7) protein is dispensable for viral genome replication but plays a critical role in virus morphogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
The genome terminal regions were maintained in a form able to sustain viral replication, while the internal region was clipped to include only the left-side genetic set, containing the coding sequence for the functional NS1 protein. (bvsalud.org)
The HCV genome encodes a precursor protein that is converted into 10 types of virus protein (i.e. (justia.com)
Hepatitis2
The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support novel strategies for the rational design of vaccines against hepatitis C virus (HCV), to assess the vaccines for their ability to induce protective immune responses, and to select candidates for preclinical development and clinical testing. (nih.gov)
The large pre-protein is later cleaved by cellular and viral proteases into the 10 smaller proteins that allow viral replication within the host cell, or assemble into the mature viral particles. (wikipedia.org)
Viral6
This is why on publicly available databases, such as the European Bioinformatics Institute, the viral proteome only consists of 2 proteins. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] At the 5′ and 3′ ends of the RNA are the untranslated regions (UTR), that are not translated into proteins but are important to translation and replication of the viral RNA. (wikipedia.org)
The mature nonstructural proteins (NS2 to NS5B) generation relies on the activity of viral proteinases. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental studies in animal have shown that viral infections can induce or protect from autoimmunopathologies depending on several factors including genetic background, host-elicited immune responses, type of virus strain, viral load, and the onset time of infection. (mdpi.com)
Further, the B19V minigenome was able to complement B19-derived, NS1-defective genomes, restoring their ability to express viral capsid proteins. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, we found that a smaller proportion of cells supported miR-122-independent replication compared a population of cells supporting miR-122-dependent replication, while viral protein levels per positive cell were similar. (bvsalud.org)
Receptor2
It prevents CD81 from latching onto its respective receptor on the virus. (wikipedia.org)
E1 serves as the fusogenic subunit and E2 acts as the receptor binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
Envelope protein2
The envelope protein E2 of HCV has been of particular interest because it contains highly variable sequences within the N-terminal region (HVR1) that encodes neutralizing B-cell epitopes. (medscape.com)
domain 3 (residues 175-191) is highly hydrophobic and acts as a signal sequence for E1 envelope protein. (wikipedia.org)
Recombinant5
However, large-scale production of recombinant 3ABC protein is challenging due to the formation of inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli and low yield due to protein aggregation during in vitro refolding. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, 3ABC gene was fused with SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifiers) fusion system which significantly enhanced expression of recombinant 3ABC protein in E. coli. (bvsalud.org)
The solubility of the recombinant 6xHis-SUMO 3ABC fusion protein was improved by mild detergent treatment and purified through Ni-NTA chromatography under non-denaturing conditions which yielded 9 mg protein obtained from 1-L bacterial fermentation culture. (bvsalud.org)
The diagnostic potential of recombinant 3ABC protein was also tested by ELISA that provided reliable diagnostic performance (DSn = 92%, DSp = 94%) upon comparison with commercially available kit. (bvsalud.org)
In conclusion, we presented SUMO fusion for the enhanced expression in E. coli and purification of active recombinant 3ABC protein using non-denaturing conditions without refolding steps. (bvsalud.org)
Cells2
The virus is taken up by dendritic cells, which, after antigen processing, presents it to T cells, leading to immune activation and release of a cascade of cytokines that are believed to mediate the systemic effects of plasma leakage and circulatory insufficiency. (who.int)
Following transfection in UT7/EpoS1 cells, this minigenome still proved competent for replication, transcription and production of NS1 protein. (bvsalud.org)
[ 8 ] The hypervariability of this region has been suggested as a possible mechanism through which the virus evades the immune response. (medscape.com)
After each virus protein has been generated by processing, the HCV genomic RNA is replicated by RNA polymerase, which is one of the generated virus proteins. (justia.com)
Active1
This single open reading frame is translated to produce a single protein product, which is then further processed to produce smaller active proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Highly1
Both envelope proteins (E1 and E2) are highly glycosylated and important in cell entry. (wikipedia.org)