ConcentricPhysiologic hypertrophyHypertrophic cardiomyopathyMyocardialRight ventricleCharacterizeRegarding cardiac functionWall thicknessEnlargementHypertensionDysfunctionDiseasesAbnormalLeftPhysiologicalSystemicChamberGrossOverloadMagneticOccurMolecularTissueSizeClinicallyAthletesAdverseConditionsIndividualsPatientsFunctionBloodDevelopmentStudiesFactorsTopic
Concentric11
- Two-dimensional echocardiogram (parasternal long axis view) from a 70-year-old woman showing concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement. (medscape.com)
- Gross specimen of the heart with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. (medscape.com)
- Conversely, concentric hypertrophy can make itself known in a variety of ways. (wikipedia.org)
- Ventricular hypertrophy may be divided into two categories: concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy. (wikipedia.org)
- Concentric hypertrophy is a result of pressure overload on the heart, resulting in parallel sarcomerogenesis (addition of sarcomere units parallel to existing units). (wikipedia.org)
- Concentric hypertrophy results from various stressors to the heart including hypertension, congenital heart defects (such as Tetralogy of Fallot), valvular defects (aortic coarction or stenosis), and primary defects of the myocardium which directly cause hypertrophy (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). (wikipedia.org)
- Concentric hypertrophy is characterized by an addition of sarcomeres (the contractile units of cardiac cells) in parallel. (wikipedia.org)
- When stressors that encourage this concentric hypertrophy are reduced or eliminated (either surgically corrected in the case of cardiac defects, or hypertension is reduced from diet and exercise) it is possible for the heart to undergo 'reverse remodeling', returning to a somewhat more 'normal' state instead of progressing to a dilated, pathologic phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
- Recent echocardiographic studies suggest that concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is another characteristic feature of this syndrome, but the mechanism remains unknown. (elsevierpure.com)
- Patients with generalized lipodystrophy, compared with controls, also had a striking degree of concentric LV hypertrophy, independent of blood pressure: LV mass index 101.0 ± 18.3 versus 69.0 ± 17.7 g/m 2 , respectively (p = 0.02), and LV concentricity 1.3 ± 0.3 versus 0.99 ± 0.1 g/ml, respectively (p = 0.04). (elsevierpure.com)
- In conclusion, these findings advance the lipotoxicity hypothesis as a putative underlying mechanism for the dramatic concentric LV hypertrophy found in generalized lipodystrophy. (elsevierpure.com)
Physiologic hypertrophy2
- Eccentric hypertrophy is generally regarded as healthy, or physiologic hypertrophy and is often termed "athlete's heart. (wikipedia.org)
- In this article, we discuss various techniques that can be utilized to help the clinician distinguish physiologic hypertrophy of the athlete and the pathologic hypertrophy of HCM. (acc.org)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy1
- The degree of hypertrophy associated with athletic physiologic adaptations can overlap with the pathologic hypertrophy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), leading to difficulty in distinguishing the two entities. (acc.org)
Myocardial3
- These changes in turn can lead to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), coronary artery disease (CAD), various conduction system diseases, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the myocardium, complications that manifest clinically as angina or myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias (especially atrial fibrillation), and congestive heart failure (CHF). (medscape.com)
- Myocardial strain imaging uses speckle-tracking echocardiography to measure tissue deformation through the cardiac cycle. (medscape.com)
- Contrast-enhanced T1 mapping is mostly used for calculating extracellular volume fraction (ECV) - that is, the ratio of pre- and postcontrast myocardial T1 to that of the ventricular blood compartment T1. (medscape.com)
Right ventricle2
- PV Loops are generated by inserting a pressure-volume catheter into the left or right ventricle of the heart and plotting the real-time ventricular pressure against ventricular volume over a complete cardiac cycle. (adinstruments.com)
- as a result the right ventricle undergoes hypertrophy to compensate for these increased pressures. (wikipedia.org)
Characterize1
- Min regularly uses ventricular pressure-volume (PV) analyses to characterize and study cardiac hypertrophy. (adinstruments.com)
Regarding cardiac function1
- While PV Loops may appear to be a relatively simple-looking graph, they can provide you with a wide array of information regarding cardiac function and performance, and can even be used to evaluate certain cardiac diseases. (adinstruments.com)
Wall thickness1
- Rowers, cyclists, and cross-country skiers tend to have the largest hearts, with an average left ventricular wall thickness of 1.3 centimeters, compared to 1.1 centimeters in average adults. (wikipedia.org)
Enlargement3
- Cardiac hypertrophy is the abnormal enlargement, or thickening of the heart muscle, in response to an increase in cardiac workload. (adinstruments.com)
- 45 mm), while athletes with physiological LVH have concomitant enlargement of the left ventricular cavity. (acc.org)
- Is there any diagnostic value of anteroposterior chest radiography in predicting cardiac chamber enlargement? (harvard.edu)
Hypertension3
- Obesity has been linked to hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in various epidemiologic studies, with as many as 50% of obese patients having some degree of hypertension and as many as 60-70% of patients with hypertension being obese. (medscape.com)
- The pathophysiologies of the various cardiac effects of hypertension differ and are described in this section. (medscape.com)
- This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. (harvard.edu)
Dysfunction2
- Transthoracic echocardiography , the most widely available initial standard of care test for ventricular dysfunction, can help differentiate ischemic and nonischemic etiologies of cardiomyopathies. (medscape.com)
- Heart Failure (HF) Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome of ventricular dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
Diseases1
- Thus, hypertensive heart disease is a term applied generally to heart diseases, such as LVH (seen in the images below), coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and CHF, that are caused by the direct or indirect effects of elevated BP. (medscape.com)
Abnormal1
- Respiratory rate, if abnormal, may indicate cardiac decompensation or a primary lung disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
Left8
- If left untreated, cardiac hypertrophy will eventually progress to heart failure (HF), a condition where the heart is no longer able to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. (adinstruments.com)
- A typical series of left ventricular PV Loops displayed in LabChart . (adinstruments.com)
- better source needed] Although left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is more common, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), as well as concurrent hypertrophy of both ventricles can also occur. (wikipedia.org)
- in trained athletes have hearts that have left ventricular mass up to 60% greater than untrained subjects. (wikipedia.org)
- The term "athlete's heart" is used to define the pattern of morphological, functional and electrical changes that result from intensive training including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). (acc.org)
- LVH occurs at the expense of left ventricular cavity size. (acc.org)
- Some experts feel that left ventricular cavity size is the single most important discriminator between physiological LVH and HCM. (acc.org)
- Left ventricular (LV) failure causes shortness of breath and fatigue, and right ventricular (RV) failure causes peripheral and abdominal. (msdmanuals.com)
Physiological1
- Both exercise-induced molecular mechanisms and physiological cardiac remodeling have been previously studied on a whole heart level. (researchgate.net)
Systemic1
- Complete examination of all systems is essential to detect peripheral and systemic effects of cardiac disorders and evidence of noncardiac disorders that might affect the heart. (msdmanuals.com)
Chamber2
- Ventricular hypertrophy (VH) is thickening of the walls of a ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart. (wikipedia.org)
- CMR is considered the gold standard for assessing chamber volumes and LV and right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction. (medscape.com)
Gross1
- Importantly, pathologic and physiologic remodeling engage different cellular pathways in the heart and result in different gross cardiac phenotypes. (wikipedia.org)
Overload2
- Eccentric hypertrophy is related to volume overload and leads to the addition of sarcomeres in series. (wikipedia.org)
- MicroRNA-21 regulates right ventricular remodeling secondary to pulmonary arterial pressure overload. (harvard.edu)
Magnetic2
- In this overview based on the latest research, we discuss the integral role of comprehensive imaging studies, particularly transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), in differentiating potential causes of HF and diagnosing various cardiomyopathies. (medscape.com)
- To test this hypothesis, the first cardiac magnetic resonance study of patients with generalized lipodystrophy was performed, using magnetic resonance imaging and localized proton spectroscopy to detect excessive triglyceride content in the hypertrophied myocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
Occur1
- but can also occur as a consequence of ventricular remodeling following a heart attack. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular4
- A deeper understanding of the molecular processes that lead to cardiac hypertrophy offers hope for millions of individuals worldwide. (adinstruments.com)
- A fundamental problem in the effective treatment of cardiac hypertrophy is our limited understanding of the key molecular processes involved in the development of the disease. (adinstruments.com)
- Taken together, CITED4 expression is necessary for exercise-induced regional remodeling of the heart's microstructural helicity revealing how a key molecular regulator of cardiac remodeling manifests into downstream local tissue-level changes. (researchgate.net)
- Expression of transcription factor CITED4 is necessary for exercise-induced regional remodeling of the heart's microstructural helicity, revealing how a key molecular regulator of cardiac remodeling mediates local tissue-level changes. (researchgate.net)
Tissue1
- This reversion may even go beyond muscle mass, and repair abnormalities in cardiac connective tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Size2
- The result is an increase in thickness of the myocardium without a corresponding increase in ventricular size. (wikipedia.org)
- Branch Pulmonary Artery Valve Implantation Reduces Pulmonary Regurgitation and Improves Right Ventricular Size/Function in Patients With Large Right Ventricular Outflow Tracts. (harvard.edu)
Clinically1
- While this may be an effective treatment for some people, there are no clinically available treatment options that target the intra-cardiac factors mediating hypertrophic growth. (adinstruments.com)
Athletes3
- Athletic hypertrophy has previously been described as occurring in approximately 2% of athletes and varies by gender. (acc.org)
- Distinguishing physiologic from pathologic hypertrophy for athletes can be difficult. (acc.org)
- Although many athletes show benign abnormalities on the ECG, the presence of changes such as T-wave inversions, pathological Q-waves and ST-segment depression especially in Caucasian athletes is concerning for pathological cardiac hypertrophy. (acc.org)
Adverse1
- It has recently been hypothesized that the LV hypertrophy could be an extreme clinical example of "lipotoxic cardiomyopathy": excessive myocyte accumulation of triglyceride leading to adverse hypertrophic signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
Conditions1
- Ventricular hypertrophy can result from a variety of conditions, both adaptive and maladaptive. (wikipedia.org)
Individuals1
- In individuals with eccentric hypertrophy there may be little or no indication that hypertrophy has occurred as it is generally a healthy response to increased demands on the heart. (wikipedia.org)
Patients2
- This provides a window of opportunity to slow or even reverse the progression of cardiac remodeling in these patients displaying the early stages of the disease. (adinstruments.com)
- Preoperative Predictors of Death and Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia After Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Patients With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Enrolled in the INDICATOR Cohort. (harvard.edu)
Function1
- Ultimately, this response can be compensatory for a duration, and allow for improved cardiac function in the face of stressors. (wikipedia.org)
Blood3
- The current treatment options for controlling hypertrophic growth involve targeting the extra-cardiac factors, such as high blood pressure. (adinstruments.com)
- However, this type of hypertrophy can result in a dilated ventricle which is unable to effectively pump blood, leading to heart failure. (wikipedia.org)
- Blood pressure (BP) is measured in both arms and, for suspected congenital cardiac disorders or peripheral vascular disorders, in both legs. (msdmanuals.com)
Development2
- Because cardiac hypertrophy develops gradually, there is a relatively long time frame between the onset of the disease to the development of HF. (adinstruments.com)
- Using a variety of techniques including animal models of ventricular hypertrophy, gene knockouts, and hemodynamic analyses - Min and collegues have successfully identified some key proteins involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy as well as potential drug targets and therapies for treating the disease 3,4,5 . (adinstruments.com)
Studies1
- Thanks to technologic advances in cardiac imaging, multimodality studies provide insight into the pathophysiology of both ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. (medscape.com)
Factors1
- Dr. Min Zi , a Researcher in the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences at Manchester University (UK), is one such scientist who is actively investigating these intra-cardiac factors. (adinstruments.com)
Topic1
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)