AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
IsoniazidAntitubercular AgentsRifampinMycobacterium tuberculosisPyrazinamideEthambutolAntibiotics, AntitubercularTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantTuberculosisTuberculosis, PulmonaryEthionamideStreptomycinAminosalicylic AcidsAminosalicylic AcidMicrobial Sensitivity TestsDrug Resistance, BacterialIsonicotinic AcidsCatalaseThioacetazoneMycolic AcidsMycobacteriumDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialLatent TuberculosisDrug Resistance, MicrobialMycobacteriophagesDrug Therapy, CombinationBacterial ProteinsAza CompoundsSputumTuberculin TestMycobacterium smegmatisClofazimineArylamine N-AcetyltransferaseRifamycinsHydrazinesOxidoreductasesColony Count, Microbial
Isonicotinic acid hydrTuberculosisKeep IsoniazidPyrazinamideRifapentineInfectionHepatitisKetoconazolePreventive therapyAsiansHepatotoxicityBlacksEthambutolRegimenAcuteMedicinesTherapy1952Empty stomachVitaminPersonsTreatmentDosesMycobacteriumRegularlyPharmacyAlcoholLiver damagePrescriptionSide effectsMedicationOccursAbnormalParticipantsImportantHealth care pro
Isonicotinic acid hydr3
  • Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • This article focuses on the acute and chronic isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide [INH] toxicity. (medscape.com)
  • This article focuses on acute isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide [INH]) hepatotoxicity. (medscape.com)
Tuberculosis17
  • Isoniazid is often used to treat latent and active tuberculosis infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • In persons with isoniazid-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, drug regimens based on isoniazid are usually effective when persons adhere to the prescribed treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in persons with isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, drug regimens based on isoniazid have a high rate of failure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evidence suggests that isoniazid prevents mycolic acid synthesis in M. avium complex as in M. tuberculosis and although this is not bactericidal to M. avium complex, it greatly potentiates the effect of rifampicin. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is recommended that women with active tuberculosis who are pregnant or breastfeeding take isoniazid. (wikipedia.org)
  • The World Health Organization also has TB guidelines at http://www.who.int/publications/guidelines/tuberculosis/en/ and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138748/ . (medscape.com)
  • Isoniazid is an anti-bacterial drug that has been used to prevent and to treat tuberculosis since 1952. (hdkino.org)
  • Patients with a tuberculosis skin test that has recently become abnormal (demonstrating recent infection with tuberculosis) but a normal chest X-ray (demonstrating inactive infection) are given isoniazid alone for 9 months. (hdkino.org)
  • The mechanism of action of isoniazid is not known, but it is thought to work through its effects on lipids ( fats ) and DNA within the tuberculosis bacterium. (hdkino.org)
  • Isoniazid is used to prevent active tuberculosis in persons who have an abnormal skin test for tuberculosis (latent tuberculosis) or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of active tuberculosis. (hdkino.org)
  • Isoniazid is used for treating or preventing tuberculosis. (thecityclub.in)
  • We assessed the effects of pregnancy on rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide PK in pregnant and postpartum (PP) persons without HIV treated for drug-susceptible tuberculosis disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • This report provides a recommendation for using a 4-month regimen consisting of 8 weeks of daily treatment with rifapentine (RPT), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide, and moxifloxacin (MOX), followed by 9-weeks of daily treatment with RPT, INH, and MOX in patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
  • On May 5, 2021, CDC's Tuberculosis Trials Consortium and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) published results from a randomized controlled trial indicating that a 4-month regimen containing rifapentine (RPT), moxifloxacin (MOX), isoniazid (INH), and pyrazinamide (PZA) was as effective as the standard 6-month regimen for tuberculosis (TB) treatment ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment outcomes of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis patients, Western Cape Province, South Africa. (sb-skpo.ru)
  • Hispanic or non-Hispanic), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, information about diagnosis and treatment, and drug-susceptibility test results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. (blogspot.com)
  • In 1962, isoniazid (INH) was demonstrated to be effective in preventing tuberculosis (TB) among household contacts of persons with TB disease ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Keep Isoniazid2
Pyrazinamide3
Rifapentine1
  • Title : Three months of weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid is less hepatotoxic than nine months of daily isoniazid for LTBI Personal Author(s) : Bliven-Sizemore, E. E.;Sterling, T. R.;Shang, N.;Benator, D.;Schwartzman, K.;Reves, R.;Drobeniuc, J.;Bock, N.;Villarino, M. E. (cdc.gov)
Infection3
  • Vitamin B6 is used to prevent isoniazid-induced B6 deficiency and neuropathy in people with a risk factor, such as pregnancy, lactation, HIV infection, alcoholism, diabetes, kidney failure, or malnutrition. (wikipedia.org)
  • When taken as prescribed, isoniazid preventive therapy is highly effective in preventing latent tuberculous infection from progressing to clinically apparent disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients with active infection on chest X-ray are given isoniazid combined with other antituberculous drugs . (hdkino.org)
Hepatitis3
  • Isoniazid has a boxed warning for severe and sometimes fatal hepatitis, which is age-dependent at a rate of 0.3% in people 21 to 35 years old and over 2% in those over age 50. (wikipedia.org)
  • When taken over a long period of time at standard doses, isoniazid can cause important and even fatal liver injury ( hepatitis ) in approximately 1 out of every 100 patients. (hdkino.org)
  • Isoniazid-associated hepatitis usually occurs during the first three months of treatment but can occur at any time during therapy or even many months after starting treatment. (hdkino.org)
Ketoconazole1
Preventive therapy6
  • In controlled trials conducted by the Public Health Service in ordinary clinical and public health settings, isoniazid preventive therapy reduced the incidence of disease by 54%-88% (2). (cdc.gov)
  • In a trial conducted in eastern Europe among infected adults with abnormal chest radiographs, a 12-month course of isoniazid preventive therapy was 75% effective among all persons assigned to the regimen and 93% effective among those who were compliant with therapy (3). (cdc.gov)
  • Similarly, isoniazid preventive therapy was estimated to be 98% effective among children in Houston and in recently infected nursing home patients who were compliant with therapy (4,5). (cdc.gov)
  • Isoniazid preventive therapy has been shown to be effective for long periods and to be reasonably cost-effective (6,7). (cdc.gov)
  • 17 , 19-22 In combination with ART, isoniazid preventive therapy decreased the risk of TB disease by 76 percent among people with HIV in Brazil. (hiv.gov)
  • 23 Furthermore, isoniazid preventive therapy and ART independently and additively decreased the risk of death and severe HIV-related illness. (hiv.gov)
Asians3
  • At the beginning of the new millennium, two-thirds of all cases of TB in the United States affect African Americans , Hispanics, Asians, and persons from the Pacific Islands. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Blacks (and possibly Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans) are affected more than Whites. (glutenfreeworks.com)
  • Compared with non-Hispanic whites, the TB rate among Asians was 28.5 times higher, whereas rates among non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics were each eight times higher. (blogspot.com)
Hepatotoxicity2
  • Black and Hispanic women are at higher risk for isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the most common presentation of isoniazid hepatotoxicity is hepatocellular damage, patients occasionally may present with true drug hypersensitivity characterized by skin rash, fever, and eosinophilia. (medscape.com)
Blacks1
  • This deficiency is seen in ~5% of the general population, with non-Hispanic Blacks having the highest prevalence. (unboundmedicine.com)
Ethambutol2
Regimen1
  • The most patients were lost to follow-up if they were treated with the longest regimen of isoniazid only. (jabfm.org)
Acute1
  • Acute isoniazid (INH) overdose results in decreased pyridoxal-5'-phosphate levels, decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, increased cerebral excitability, and seizures. (medscape.com)
Medicines2
Therapy1
  • When it happens, isoniazid-induced liver toxicity has been shown to occur in 50% of patients within the first 2 months of therapy. (wikipedia.org)
19521
Empty stomach2
Vitamin1
  • If you have a history of diabetes, alcohol abuse, or poor nutrition, your doctor may recommend that you also take vitamin B 6 while you are taking Isoniazid. (thecityclub.in)
Persons3
  • This fi nding represented the high- were in persons of Hispanic ethnicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Prevalence of tuberculin reactivity in this population is lower than reported among Hispanic farm workers in the eastern and midwestern U.S. Higher prevalence may obtain among California farm workers not included in the study population, including homeless, single, and highly mobile persons. (cdc.gov)
  • non-Hispanic persons were categorized as black, Asian, white, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, or of multiple races. (blogspot.com)
Treatment4
  • TB of M. bovis in communities with large Hispanic popula- prevention and treatment strategies, particularly those in tions. (cdc.gov)
  • Isoniazid can also be used in the treatment of a BCG-oma. (thecityclub.in)
  • Your doctor may want you to have blood tests or other medical evaluations during treatment with isoniazid to monitor progress and side effects. (buylevitra24h.com)
  • Will a positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test return to normal, i.e., become nonreactive, after isoniazid treatment? (clinicaladvisor.com)
Doses1
  • Up to 20% of people taking isoniazid experience peripheral neuropathy when taking daily doses of 6 mg/kg of body weight or higher. (wikipedia.org)
Mycobacterium1
  • Mycobacterium the Hispanic population has grown from 20% to 29% in bovis appears to be contributing substantially to the TB in- the past 15 years ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Regularly2
Pharmacy2
Alcohol2
Liver damage1
  • Usually, enzyme levels return to normal despite continuation of the isoniazid, but in some cases progressive liver damage and even death occurs. (hdkino.org)
Prescription2
Side effects1
Medication2
  • Isoniazid is available as a generic medication. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main reason for the variation in efficacy appears to have been the amount of medication actually taken during the year in which isoniazid was prescribed. (cdc.gov)
Occurs2
Abnormal1
  • How should I manage a 62-year-old Hispanic man who has hyperlipidemia and abnormal liver enzymes? (clinicaladvisor.com)
Participants1
  • Twenty-seven participants were included: 11 African, 9 Asian, 3 Hispanic, and 4 mixed descent. (bvsalud.org)
Important1
  • The World Health Organization classifies isoniazid as critically important for human medicine. (wikipedia.org)
Health care pro1