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Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) and Microsatellite DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Rapid molecular identification and typing methods that may be useful include 16S rRNA gene sequencing, random amplified polymorphic DNA and a combination polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis ( 39 , 116 ). (antimicrobe.org)

From a mapping population of 288 recombinant haploid gametophytes, genotyped at 121 polymorphic AFLP loci, three gene-based â ¦ We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. (oosteinde.info)
From a mapping population of 288 recombinant haploid gametophytes, genotyped at 121 polymorphic AFLP loci, three gene-based … The forthcoming C. purpureus genome will build on these existing resources and enable us to answer definitively many questions regarding the evolution of land plant gene families, genome structure, and the genetic basis of adaptive variation. (oosteinde.info)

We can therefore amplify nucleotide sequences from infinitesimal amounts of DNA extract. (intechopen.com)
Using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, a genetic map composed of 6,434 loci, including 6,295 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 139 simple sequence repeat loci, was developed from RIL population. (biomedcentral.com)
Adenine (A) is one of the four nucleotide bases in DNA, with the other three being cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Within a double-stranded DNA molecule, adenine bases on one strand pair with thymine bases on the opposite strand. (genome.gov)

This review gives a brief summary on the development of genetic markers including both the classical genetic markers and more advanced DNA-based molecular markers. (biomedcentral.com)
All of these DNA-based markers contain specific advantages and have played significant roles in the evaluation of genetic diversity in farm animals. (biomedcentral.com)
At present, DNA molecular marker techniques are widely applied in the fields of germplasm identification, phylogenetics, and genetic structural analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic variation among faba bean genotypes is imperative for their efficient utilization in plant breeding programs and effective conservation. (ppjonline.org)
A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genetic information encoding a particular amino acid. (genome.gov)

Its principle is based on the use of DNA polymerase which is an in vitro replication of specific DNA sequences. (intechopen.com)

A number of markers are now available to detect nuclear DNA polymorphisms. (intechopen.com)
Residual heterozygosity in the initial inbreds can partly explain the observed responses as evidenced by 42 markers derived from both Methyl-Sensitive Amplification- and Amplified Fragment Length- Polymorphisms. (biomedcentral.com)

Increased understanding of plant genetics and the development of powerful and easier-to-use gene editing tools over the past century have revolutionized humankind's ability to deliver precise genotypes in crops. (frontiersin.org)
Plant transformation techniques are well developed for making transgenic varieties in certain crops and model organisms, yet reagent delivery and plant regeneration remain key bottlenecks to applying the technology of gene editing to most crops. (frontiersin.org)
Some examples include delivering DNA-free gene editing reagents such as ribonucleoproteins or mRNA, relying on reagent expression from non-integrated DNA, using novel delivery mechanisms such as viruses or nanoparticles, using unconventional selection methods to avoid integration of transgenes, and/or avoiding tissue culture altogether. (frontiersin.org)
Gene editing tools are being applied in basic research to close the knowledge gap, but the requirements for gene editing techniques for agriculture are different than those for research. (frontiersin.org)
Antisense is the non-coding DNA strand of a gene. (genome.gov)
These species were validated primarily on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, antimicrobial susceptibility and biochemical profiles, and, to a lesser degree, on high-performance liquid chromatography ( 22 , 54 , 55 , 69 ). (antimicrobe.org)

This method can generate tens of billions of copies of a particular DNA fragment (the sequence of interest, DNA of interest, or target DNA) from a DNA extract (DNA template). (intechopen.com)
Indeed, if the sequence of interest is present in the DNA extract, it is possible to selectively replicate it (we speak of amplification) in very large numbers. (intechopen.com)
One could say the primary limitation to crop improvement is no longer, "can we make a precise sequence change in a precise location in eukaryotic genomic DNA? (frontiersin.org)
An allele is one of two or more versions of DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a given genomic location. (genome.gov)

In addition, with biotechnological and computer innovations, novel strategies such as whole-genome SNP chips and DNA Barcoding have emerged. (biomedcentral.com)
The amount of DNA in a genome, known as genome size or C value, varies greatly across living organisms and is known to correlate with a number of phenotypic traits, most notably cell size (e.g. (oosteinde.info)
In many crops, genome engineering techniques have enabled researchers and breeders to take advantage of a vast knowledge base of plant physiology, pathology, and genetics. (frontiersin.org)
The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)

By the 1980s, many different types of DNA molecular markers had been explored, e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
The dendrogram based on combined data of molecular and biochemical markers grouped the 16 faba bean genotypes into three clusters. (ppjonline.org)
In this investigation, we aimed to detect some biochemical and/or molecular markers related to resistant genes for FW disease in some genotypes of faba bean. (ppjonline.org)
Therefore, these markers can be used in the early selection of resistant genotypes to provide the effort and cost resulting from the use of traditional breeding methods. (ppjonline.org)

In a cell, antisense DNA serves as the template for producing messenger RNA (mRNA), which directs the synthesis of a protein. (genome.gov)

The drug moieties may affect cytotoxic and cytostatic mechanisms including tubulin binding, DNA binding, or topoisomerase inhibition. (justia.com)

Cultivation of the resistant genotypes is the most effective method for integrated management of the disease and remarkable reduced the incidence of the wilt disease on faba bean. (ppjonline.org)
Other techniques and future developments Self-expandable metal stents Primary stenting and drainage has been shown to be an effective and safe way to treat esophageal perforations or anastomotic leaks after gastric bypass surgery. (hsp-signal.com)

80] present a pilot clinical study evaluating the feasibility of endoscopic transluminal omental patch closure for perforated peptic selleck chemicals llc ulcers, with the hypothesis that the technique will be successful at closing ulcer perforations, as evidenced by intraoperative leak test and post operative water-soluble contrast studies. (hsp-signal.com)

Making the diagnosis may often involve performing invasive techniques on the patient and may take up to 2 or 3 weeks. (antimicrobe.org)

The power of PCR is based on the fact that the amount of matrix DNA is not, in theory, a limiting factor. (intechopen.com)

A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)

However, the technique must invariably deliver a precise result that is stable and safe for the environment and the consumer. (frontiersin.org)

Certain properties are desirable for a molecular marker such as highly polymorphic behavior, codominant inheritance, frequent occurrence in the genome, even distribution throughout the genome, selectively neutral behavior, easy access, easy and fast assay and high reproducibility (Weining and Henry, 1995). (scialert.net)
Variable length "short tandem repeats" (STRs) such as (CA)n are highly polymorphic and serve as informative markers (4,5). (justia.com)

Phylogenetic relationships among four Pistacia species were studied by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. (scialert.net)
Genomic DNA was extracted from leaf tissue and RAPD analysis was performed using 23 primers. (scialert.net)
RAPD markers depend on the amplification of a DNA sequence by the polymerase chain reaction using only a single primer of arbitrary nucleotide sequence. (scialert.net)
Kafkas and Perl-Treves (2001) addressed the taxonomic relationships and genetic variation of wild Pistacia germplasm in Turkey using morphological data and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). (scialert.net)
Another recent advance in polymorphic marker analysis is single short primer PCR, or "random amplified polymorphic DNA" (RAPD) marker analysis. (justia.com)
Although variable number tandem repeat markers, short tandem repeats and RAPD markers have significantly increased the rate of polymorphic marker discovery and the throughput of polymorphic marker analysis, their analysis is limited by the requirement of labor intensive gel electrophoresis, which typically requires several hours of time and accommodates a relatively small number of tests at one time (less than 100). (justia.com)

For example, inbred mice carrying the agouti viable yellow (A vy ) allele show a range of coat colours associated with different DNA methylation states at the locus. (researchgate.net)
At many chromosomal positions, the frequency of sequence variation within a population is great enough to yield useful DNA markers, and the occurrence of a polymorphic allele at a frequency of about 10% is generally considered useful for mapping purposes (1). (justia.com)
An allele is one of two or more versions of DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a given genomic location. (genome.gov)

1990) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) (Vos et al . (scialert.net)
The use of gel electrophoresis to detect restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) has yielded thousands of mapped polymorphic DNA markers in various species. (justia.com)
Although restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis remains a widely used method for detecting DNA sequence polymorphism, several useful variations on the fragment length theme have recently been introduced. (justia.com)

Batt, C. A. title: Applications of DNA amplification techniques in veterinary diagnostics date: 1995 journal: Vet Res Commun DOI: 10.1007/bf01839319 sha: 9282b6f2a3a4c79ab56505e5c040a8b94b0750de doc_id: 5364 cord_uid: gwkr4r1k An overview of the principles of the polymerase chain reaction, ligase chain reaction, self-sustained sequence replication and Qβ replicase is given. (distantreader.org)
Specific areas where these DNA-based amplification methods provide substantial advantages over traditional approaches are also highlighted. (distantreader.org)
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro enzymatic method which allows several million-fold amplification of a specific DNA sequence. (distantreader.org)
Other recently developed DNA amplification methods, such as the ligase chain reaction (LCR), self-sustained sequence replication (3SR) and Qfl replicase amplification have so far found only limited applications, but show promise for specific diagnostic applications. (distantreader.org)
While PCR and LCR rely on temperature cycling and therefore require some investment in the appropriate equipment, 3SR and Qfl replicase amplification are isothermal methods of DNA amplification, so making potential 'field' use feasible. (distantreader.org)
This review gives a short overview of the principles of the different DNA amplification techniques, with emphasis on current technical developments which will facilitate their use in veterinary diagnostics in the near future. (distantreader.org)
The DNA amplification methods will be described briefly. (distantreader.org)
Newly synthesized DNA molecules can serve as templates in the next cycle, thus resulting in exponential amplification. (distantreader.org)
Methods are provided for multiplexed amplification of selected targets and analysis of the amplified targets. (justia.com)
The methods of the invention relate generally to amplification of nucleic acid on a solid support and analysis of the amplified nucleic acid. (justia.com)
This clonal amplification enables a single DNA molecule to be amplified on solid phase, which physically separates one molecule from another. (justia.com)
After amplification, these distinct clusters of DNA are then subject to repeated cycles of ligation or reversible single base chain terminated extension. (justia.com)

A total of 248 fragments were generated and 139 bands were polymorphic at the inter-specific level. (scialert.net)
A PCR-based strategy with primers designed on exons was used to successfully amplify NPR1 gene fragments from different Vitaceae accessions. (beds.ac.uk)

Whereas grape cultivar characterization had been traditionally carried out using morphological and phenological observations, nowadays DNA analysis techniques based on molecular markers, when correctly performed, are able to provide objective information on the identity of a species. (ucpress.edu)

Out of 19, successful DNA amplifications were shown by 7 ISSR primers and a total of 80 bands were identified ranging between 8 and 14 with an average of 11.43 bands/primer. (springeropen.com)

Two oligonucleotide primers each hybridize to their respective complementary DNA strands in the second step (annealing step), thus defining a region of the target DNA. (distantreader.org)
In the last step, the 3' ends of these bound primers are extended by a thermostable DNA polymerase. (distantreader.org)

The existence of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) or "microsatellite" sequences scattered throughout genomic DNA has been exploited in the identification of polymorphic markers (2,3). (justia.com)
Using Affymetrix GENECHIP arrays, specific hybridization can be achieved by direct synthesis of the DNA sequences of interest on arrays. (justia.com)
In preferred aspects the methods reduce the requirements for analysis of redundant sequences relative to that of methods that employ random sampling methods. (justia.com)

In the first step, the double-stranded target DNA is denatured at high temperatures, resulting in single-stranded molecules. (distantreader.org)
Adenine (A) is one of the four nucleotide bases in DNA, with the other three being cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Within a double-stranded DNA molecule, adenine bases on one strand pair with thymine bases on the opposite strand. (genome.gov)

Using this technique, it is possible to generate human egg cells for IVF that have the genetic material from the intended mother without the defects in the cytoplasm that may be responsible for infertility. (elifesciences.org)

They characterized these species based on chloroplast DNA profiles and subdivided the genus into two sections, Terebinthus ( P. atlantica , P. chinensis , P. khinjuk , P. integerrima , P. terebinthus and P. vera ) and Lentiscus ( P. lentiscus , P. mexicana , P. texana and P. weinmanniflolia ). (scialert.net)

Single population proportion formula was used to calculate the sample size and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. (bvsalud.org)

Vineyard is constantly subjected to numerous stresses due to climatic conditions, farming techniques, mineral deficiency or pathogens. (beds.ac.uk)

DNA sequencing and PCR analysis can also be performed to achieve accurate microbial identification and typing, but like current DNA typing procedures, these microbial DNA diagnostic tests require gel electrophoretic analysis, which is time consuming and labor intensive and accommodates a relatively low sample throughput. (justia.com)

Such modified traits can significantly complement the high throughput genotyping procedures to fast track breeding of improved drought tolerant varieties. (frontiersin.org)

1991) Prime % for Listeria bothering of support interests and drawing of routine techniques. (ligaya-technologies.com)

anything songs are: Statistics distribution and frequency, way, valid Listeria, operator of random groups, variety ampelography, activity and poverty, palmitoylation of fifth and central :RecDescent, and analysis of event and first awardsRelated issues with not database jobs. (ligaya-technologies.com)

1992) . Some thermostable DNA polymerases possess RT activity, so making a single-tube RT-PCR more feasible, allowing reduced manipulation time and minimizing carry-over contamination. (distantreader.org)

This approach allows for the locus specific targeting of sequencing in only regions of interest and reduces the overwhelming redundancies required with other random sampling methods. (justia.com)

Before modern biomolecular techniques became available, all we had to describe grape varieties was ampelography. (ucpress.edu)

Such clonally amplified DNAs can serve as a template for next generation sequencing biochemical reactions. (justia.com)

During these reactions, separate labeling with 4 florophores or haptens, one for each of the 4 DNA bases, allows for the identification of the incorporated base at any given position. (justia.com)

applied MST to infertile female mice and found that the technique could permanently correct deficiencies in the cytoplasms of poor quality egg cells, allowing the mice to give birth to healthy offspring. (elifesciences.org)

The methods may be used for genotyping, sequencing and analysis of copy number. (justia.com)

While high throughput genotyping have been achieved, this is rarely the case for phenotyping for drought adaptation. (frontiersin.org)
This pre-clinical model demonstrates the high efficiency and potential of the MST technique, not only to prevent the transmission of mtDNA mutations, but also as a new potential treatment for patients with certain forms of infertility refractory to current clinical strategies. (elifesciences.org)

A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)

Results: An untagged T-DNA insertional mutant showed defective pollen and abnormal anthers as compared with its semi-sterile mutant (sstl) progeny segregates. (gov.tw)

In many of the embodiments the methods include amplifying a target to make many copies and then analyzing the copies. (justia.com)

In particular, strain genotyping is a valuable tool for epidemiological tracing of pathogenic micro-organisms. (biomedcentral.com)

The amplified target is then analyzed, for example, by sequencing by synthesis or sequencing by ligation. (justia.com)
Targets are amplified in a feature to which the target hybridizes through a target specific interaction between a probe in the feature and the target. (justia.com)
The target:probe interaction is specific so a known target is amplified at each feature. (justia.com)

In a cell, antisense DNA serves as the template for producing messenger RNA (mRNA), which directs the synthesis of a protein. (genome.gov)

Aspergillus fumigatus , the epidemiology and evolution tionwide study of scedosporiosis in Australia (2003-2005) of human infections caused by uncommon but emerging and 46 additional isolates were genotyped by internal tran- fungi are incompletely understood. (cdc.gov)
These findings open up the possibility of developing new treatments for infertility caused by problems with egg cells, so experiments involving human egg cells are now being performed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the technique. (elifesciences.org)

In this study, delivery vehicles comprised of microvesicles loaded with engineered minicircle (MC) DNA that encodes prodrug converting enzymes were developed as a cancer therapy in mammary carcinoma models. (regenerativemedicine.net)

The DNA sequencing approach is therefore random and currently does not specifically sample any targeted regions of interest. (justia.com)

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science3

Fragment length polymorphism2

AFLP2

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Genetic5

Polymerase1

Polymorphisms2

Gene6

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Genome4

Markers4

MRNA1

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Highly polymorphic2

RAPD6

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Fragment length3

Amplification12

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Primers2

Sequences3

Double-stranded2

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Single1

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