• N-linked glycans are commonly found on proteins, but always on a specific amino acid within a specific sequence. (nist.gov)
  • There were abundance differences in proteins associated with stress, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If genomics involves the study of genes and proteomics deals with proteins, glycomics examines the role of carbohydrates, which are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (fapesp.br)
  • The cell wall comprises between 50% and 60% of a plant's biomass and is rich in complex carbohydrates (the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin), as well as structural proteins and lignin, a polymer that gives it rigidity. (fapesp.br)
  • A particular challenge is the synthesis of oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs), which catalyze the attachment of glycans to specific amino acid residues in target proteins. (biorxiv.org)
  • To be able to explain briefly how carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are metabolized 3. (vpncy.com)
  • As a result of studies conducted in our research group on chitin synthesis and considering the lack of information on chitinase ants, we propose, in this project, the production of different chimeric proteins (containing chitinase catalytic domain and modules for binding in chitin) and the study of its catalytic function against chitin and analysis of the products through HPLC and mass spectrometry. (fapesp.br)
  • Anabolic processes, which include the synthesis of such cell components as carbohydrates , proteins , and lipids , require energy in the form of energy-rich compounds (e.g., adenosine triphosphate ) that are produced during breakdown processes ( see catabolism ). (britannica.com)
  • Protein/Peptide Chemistry: amino acid analysis, N- and C-terminal sequencing, peptide synthesis, peptide/protein arrays. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main objective of our study was the sequencing and full characterization of the genome of the fungal strain of O. australis (CCMB661) and its predicted secretome. (bvsalud.org)
  • its fully sequenced genome has enabled omic-based analyses that have been applied to better understand its metabolic responses to stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This microalga has a full genome sequence available and represents a well-characterised model green alga [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome sequences of several strains from our bacterial collection from the marine, arctic environment have revealed their ability to synthesize different Sias, and represent a novel source for the prospecting of new gene variants. (uit.no)
  • Their ability to function as potent inhibitors of oligosaccharide synthesis in eukaryotic cells has established them as unique biochemical probes of the role of glycosylation on protein structure and function. (caltech.edu)
  • Currently, 18 subtypes have been reported: 12 are type I (dysfunctional lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor synthesis), and 6 are type II (dysfunctional trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide), including leukocyte adhesion deficiency II (CDG-IIc). (medscape.com)
  • Recent studies focusing on the intricate network of lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acids metabolism 23 October 2011. (vpncy.com)
  • Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism youtube. (vpncy.com)
  • Dietary Lipids20-40% calorie intakeMainly >90% - triacylglycerol (TG)- 16-18 C, mixtureOthers phosphoglycerides, cholesterol ester, cholesterolFat solid at room temp - animal source - 40-60% saturated FA Carbohydrate metabolism. (vpncy.com)
  • Carbohydrate metabolism.nucleotide sugar. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Glycogen Storage Diseases Glycogen storage diseases are carbohydrate metabolism disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Galactosemia Galactosemia is a carbohydrate metabolism disorder caused by inherited deficiencies in enzymes that convert galactose to glucose. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • These results contribute to a better more biomass-derived carbohydrates are also used for produc- understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in tion of chemicals, a further valorization of lignin is an essential terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for component. (lu.se)
  • Monodisperse sequenced peptides and peptoids present unique nano-structures based on their self-assembled secondary and tertiary structures. (diamond.ac.uk)
  • Here, we address this challenge by establishing a bacterial cell-free protein synthesis platform that enables rapid production of a variety of OSTs in their active conformations. (biorxiv.org)
  • Our identification of a genetic variant of TFB1M , encoding a protein that controls protein synthesis in mitochondria, which is associated with increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes, has been a strong thrust. (lu.se)
  • This project aims to increase our fundamental understanding of the roles of bacterial Sias in host-pathogen interactions, and to characterize biosynthetic pathways and enzymes involved in sialic acid synthesis. (uit.no)
  • There are many numbered and named types, all of which are caused by deficiencies of enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis or. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A general method for synthesis of GPI anchors illustrated by the total synthesis of the low-molecular-weight antigen from Toxoplasma gondi. (mpg.de)
  • I understand that this is some total synthesis reaction, but I cannot find which one. (stackexchange.com)
  • Combine peptide/carbohydrate and nucleic acid chemistry to synthesize hybrid structures. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • The various combinations and quantities of these large carbohydrate molecules generate structures with particular architectures, and therefore different chemical and mechanical properties. (fapesp.br)
  • anabolism , also called biosynthesis , the sequences of enzyme -catalyzed reactions by which relatively complex molecules are formed in living cells from nutrients with relatively simple structures. (britannica.com)
  • In: Modern synthetic methods in carbohydrate chemistry: from monosaccharides to complex glycoconjugates, pp. 335 - 372 (Eds. (mpg.de)
  • The construction of large, phylogenetically diverse libraries of synthetic genes from a sequence-based family allows rapid evaluation of the substrate specificity encoded within the gene products and identification of rare catalytic capabilities. (doe.gov)
  • A detailed synthetic study was performed which revealed that an azido function 'A' had to be installed at an advanced stage of the synthesis for successful preparation of the desired AB4-type carbohydrate scaffolds. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The most successful synthetic sequence involved tetra-cyanoethylation of a 2-benzyloxyethyl mannopyranoside and subsequent reduction with in situ Boc protection to achieve (NHBoc)4 functionalisation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Previous synthetic strategies rely on carbohydrate starting materials (e.g. chiral pool synthesis) and are limited in their ability to produce stereoisomers or analogues, limiting their application to target-specific syntheses. (sfu.ca)
  • A concise synthetic route to the tunicamycin antibiotics is described, illustrated by the preparation of (+)-tunicamycin-V (1-V), Key features of the synthesis include (1) the development and application of a silicon-mediated reductive coupling of aldehydes and allylic alcohols to construct the undecose core of the natural product and (2) the development of an efficient procedure for the synthesis of the trehalose glycosidic bond within the antibiotic. (caltech.edu)
  • Experiments with these synthetic materials provide strong evidence that thiol activation of 1 is facilitated dramatically through participation of the carbohydrate amino group as an internal base. (caltech.edu)
  • In this comprehensive mutational analysis we found that only the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine and the bulky amino acid leucine at the +1 position of the predicted signal peptidase cleavage site allow plastid import, as expected from the sequence comparison of native plastid targeting presequences of P. tricornutum and the cryptophyte Guillardia theta. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • Sequencing of a 2.5-kb chromosomal Sma I- Pst I fragment containing the structural gene revealed an open reading frame encoding 537 amino acids, homologous to known pckA genes. (asm.org)
  • Design and implementation of carbohydrate sequencing analysis software application (EVE) which coupled the biological modelling of in-vivo glycoprotein synthesis with the modelling of rules for exo-glycosidase specificity to deduce the sequence of carbohydrates analysed with the OGS RAAM Glycosequencer instruments. (maproom.co.uk)
  • In support of this idea, it is shown that the sequence specificity of DNA cleavage by externally generated cumulene is identical to that of the presumptive cumulene formed in situ from 1 and 2 in the presence of DNA. (caltech.edu)
  • It is proposed that the species that determines the sequence specificity of DNA cleavage is thecumulene intermediate. (caltech.edu)
  • Both stages of DNA cleavage proceed with identical sequence specificity. (caltech.edu)
  • De novo sequencing and homology matching was used in conjunction with iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis to identify and relatively quantify proteomic alterations in cells exposed to salt stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Purine nucleotides produced from any of the input processes, including the de novo synthesis and salvage of either the endogenous or exogenous purines, could be converted into nucleotides of other purines. (vpncy.com)
  • 2. Cholesterol is an extremely important biological molecule that has roles in membrane structure as well as being a precursor for the synthesis of the steroid hormones, the bile acids, and vitamin D.Both dietary cholesterol, and that synthesized de novo, are transported through the circulation in lipoprotein particles. (vpncy.com)
  • Results of transcriptome sequencing at 0, 48, 96 and 144 hpi showed that 8810 genes were disease-responsive genes after challenge by S. botryosum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying its biology and ecology, we generated a reference transcriptome for H. coerulea using next-generation sequencing. (nature.com)
  • They are isolated via SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment), an evolutionary process that involves iterative rounds of selection and amplification before sequencing and aptamer characterization. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Key features of this sequence include the coupling of the enol triflate 11 and the arylboronic acid 10 (90%), the thermal deprotection/internal amidation of the coupling product 18 (84%), the use of 2-chloropyridine as an economical alternative to 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine to promote the reaction of the quinolone 9 and triflic anhydride (85%), the highly stereoselective addition of the (Z)-enediyne 31 to the quinoline 61 (89%), intramolecular acetylide addition within the acetylenic ketone 66 (94%), and oxidation of the phenol 76 with iodosobenzene to afford the quinone imine precursor 77 in 89% yield. (caltech.edu)
  • The (Z)-allene-ene-yne 10, a precursor to a reactive α,3-dehydrotoluene biradical, was covalently linked to a minor groove binding element, and the resultant conjugate (9) was shown to bind and cleave DNA with sequence selectivity. (caltech.edu)
  • The way in which the monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates, come together and form polysaccharides, the larger molecules present in the cell walls of plants, is not random," says Buckeridge. (fapesp.br)
  • In this case, the signs are the monosaccharides, the simplest forms of carbohydrates, such as glucose, fructose and galactose. (fapesp.br)
  • Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides. (mpg.de)
  • A group of enzymes promotes the union of these small molecules of sugars and causes the synthesis (adaptor) of larger molecules, polysaccharides, which function-now having been provided with instructions-as energy reserves (starch) or structural components of the plant's cell walls. (fapesp.br)
  • Sialic acid biosynthetic and modifying enzymes will be tested for their potential use in chemoenzymatic synthesis to create modified Sias with useful properties, for example antiviral compounds. (uit.no)
  • Odd-chain fatty acids and branched-chain fatty acids have unique biosynthetic pathways, while omega-alicyclic fatty acids and tuberculostearic acid synthesis are specific to certain organisms. (microbenotes.com)
  • Synthesis, liposomal formulation, and immunological evaluation of a minimalistic carbohydrate-α-GalCer vaccine candidate. (mpg.de)
  • Sialic acids (Sias) are carbohydrates with immensely important roles in biological, pathological and immunological processes. (uit.no)
  • Synthesis of diverse glycosylphosphatidylinositol glycans from toxoplasma gondii and their application as vaccines and diagnostics. (mpg.de)
  • Synthesis of diverse glycosylphosphatidylinositol glycans and glycolipids from toxoplasma gondii and their application as diagnostic markers and vaccines. (mpg.de)
  • Aptamers are short nucleic acid sequences capable of specific, high-affinity molecular binding. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • From an applied perspective, such sugar-modifying enzymes can be utilized in many different areas of molecular biology and medicine, and a combination of chemical and enzymatic synthesis has the potential to produce new saccharides with useful properties. (uit.no)
  • I am studying drug synthesis, and I found some examples that uses $\ce{H_2}$ and Pd/C or Pd/$\ce{BaSO_4}$ as catalytic hydrogenation reagents for reduction of alcohol or halide in benzylic position. (stackexchange.com)
  • I came across the following question, where a set of reagents are used, starting from a carbohydrate derivative. (stackexchange.com)
  • In 0.2 M NaCl, C. nivalis accumulates carbohydrates up to 10.4% DCW at 80 h, and fatty acids up to 52.0% dry cell weight (DCW) over 12 days, however, C. reinhardtii does not show fatty acid accumulation over time, and shows limited carbohydrate accumulation up to 5.5% DCW. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We will explore subjects like straight-chain fatty acids, unsaturated straight-chain fatty acids, odd-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, omega-alicyclic fatty acids, and the synthesis of tuberculostearic acid as we dig into the complex world of fatty acid production in this article. (microbenotes.com)
  • These fatty acids are generally produced by the process of lipogenesis, which transforms carbohydrates into fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)
  • The synthesis of fatty acids then uses acetyl-CoA as a substrate and takes place in the cytoplasm of cells. (microbenotes.com)
  • A sequence of events that are catalyzed by enzymes including acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and different elongases and desaturases result in the production of fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)
  • While carbohydrates can be synthesized from fatty acids through a process called gluconeogenesis, animals cannot resynthesize carbohydrates from fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)
  • This inability to convert fatty acids back into carbohydrates underscores the importance of maintaining a balance between energy intake and expenditure. (microbenotes.com)
  • The synthesis of well-defined oligosaccharides is crucial for the establishment of structure-activity relationships for specific sequences of heparin, contributing to the understanding of the biological role of this polysaccharide. (uea.ac.uk)
  • We present here the synthesis of a series of amine-functionalized heparin oligosaccharides using an n+2 modular approach. (uea.ac.uk)
  • On resin synthesis of sulfated oligosaccharides. (mpg.de)
  • Design of a feedback optimising system to determine the most efficient experimental strategy in parallel and sequential sequencing reactions. (maproom.co.uk)
  • Synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain the desired product. (stackexchange.com)
  • Fatty acid synthesis encompasses a complex series of enzymatic reactions that involve the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, followed by the sequential addition of two-carbon units to elongate the growing fatty acid chain in the fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex. (microbenotes.com)
  • His group ran the large-scale chemical and enzyme-based synthesis and purification of the material before providing it in a powdered form. (nist.gov)
  • random to their competing genomic online artificial risk and the attP of the such trial in suppressor target pIRES2-EGFP-TSLC1 trait4 residues are again associated for the conditionsPrivacy of sequences for collection with a mRNA of elsewhere 50 polynucleotide among the polynomial differences( Figure 1). (scoutconnection.com)
  • This lack of increase contrasts with previous reports as does the mRNA length: this is 50% larger as confirmed by sequencing the 3' end. (embl.de)
  • It is determined that while there is evidence to support the hypothesis that the carbohydrate amino group of 1 participates in the thiol activation of 1 in organic solvents, no conclusions may be drawn at this time concerning its role in the corresponding reaction in water in the presence of DNA. (caltech.edu)
  • In one such industrial case of ammonia synthesis, hydrogen is created through steam reforming, which creates some carbon monoxide. (stackexchange.com)
  • Chemical synthesis of GPI anchors and GPI-anchored molecules. (mpg.de)
  • The title compound, (4S,5S,8R,10Z)-2,2,5,6,8,10- hexamethyl-4-phenyl-l,3-dioxa-6-aza-2-silacycloundec- 10-en-7-one, crystallizes with two virtually identical molecules in the asymmetric unit, each with the same absolute configuration. (caltech.edu)
  • Branch-chain fatty acid synthesis is a crucial mechanism in some microorganisms and has effects on a number of biological phenomena. (microbenotes.com)
  • Nonetheless, according to our results, this fungal species also exhibits a complete set of genes coding for plant cell wall degrading Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes), enabling a full endophytic stage and, consequently, its dual ability to both parasitize insects and live inside plant tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genes, which are formed by the nucleotides and are grouped in longer sequences of DNA (chromosomes), represent the meaning of the code. (fapesp.br)
  • In 1986 a Research Resource Facility Satellite Meeting was held in conjunction with the Sixth International Conference on Methods in Protein Sequence Analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • On joining OGS, I developed instrumentation and software for the analysis of carbohydrates , becoming head of the software team of 3 in 1991. (maproom.co.uk)
  • Expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis and developmental polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies demonstrated that Ov-phy-1 was expressed in L3 and adult parasites. (embl.de)
  • Primer extension analysis identified a transcriptional start site 72 bp upstream of the pckA initiation codon and an upstream sequence similar to ς 70 promoters. (asm.org)
  • Analysis of sequences deposited in databases has already been started and two pairs of oligonucleotides have been acquired. (fapesp.br)
  • Endocrine functions of the pancreas & regulation of carbohydrate. (vpncy.com)
  • Microorganisms capable of catabolizing lignin-derived ar- carbohydrate and protein components of the organic matter omatics are essentially fungi and bacteria (Bugg et al. (lu.se)
  • Although it can act on substrates with a terminal beta-linked galactose residue, it prefers the sequence galactose-beta-1,4-xylose (Bai et al. (reactome.org)
  • The resultant amino polyol is a versatile intermediate for the synthesis of any of the homologous tunicamycin antibiotics. (caltech.edu)
  • New and existing data pertaining to the potential role of DNA as a catalyst in the thiol activation reaction and to the potential participation of the carbohydrate amino group of 1 in that reaction is evaluated. (caltech.edu)
  • However, the generation of peptide and peptoid hybrid oligomers in a sequence-defined manner via Ugi multicomponent reaction has not yet been studied. (diamond.ac.uk)
  • A platform to screen for C-type lectin receptor-binding carbohydrates and their potential for cell-specific targeting and immune modulation. (mpg.de)
  • After activation C3b can bind covalently, via its reactive thioester, to cell surface carbohydrates or immune aggregates. (abcam.com)
  • The method reported herein involves the diastereoselective nucleophilic addition of propargylamines to α-chloroaldehydes, followed by a domino epoxidation-cyclization sequence providing 2,5-dihydropyrrole intermediates that upon dihydroxylation provides iminosugar natural products in good overall yield and optical purity. (sfu.ca)
  • NIST collaborated with researcher Geert-Jan Boons at the University of Georgia's Complex Carbohydrate Research Center. (nist.gov)
  • Applies to long and complex natural product syntheses as much as to short one or two-step syntheses. (stackexchange.com)
  • The position of the amino group of the chromophore carbohydrate relative to C-12 supports the idea that the amino group plays a role in thiol activation. (caltech.edu)
  • By using a Swern oxidation-epimerization-reduction sequence it is possible to selectively epimerize any position in isopropylidene-protected xylopyranosides, thus forming arabinosides, ribosides, and lyxosides. (lu.se)
  • Carbohydrate scaffolds, functionalised according to an AB4-type, were prepared on the basis of α-d-mannopyranosides with various ethyl aglycone moieties, functionalised with 'A'. Four functional groups 'B' were installed at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6 of the sugar ring. (elsevierpure.com)