KinasePeptidesModel substratesDistinct substrateProteinsGlutathioneAcylInhibitorPhosphorylationRecombinantRegulatesConstantsChromogenicColiRibonucleasesStructural basisKcatAminoTyrosineToxicityGlutamateHydrophobicConformationCholinesterasePreferenceEnzyme activityVariantsVitroRNasesActivityGenesCloselySequenceHumanComplexesConcentrationBasisRevealsInsightsKineticStronglyRecognitionActive siteStructureInteractionStudyStudies
Kinase8
- Although we did not identify any highly Clb2-specific substrates, we found that Clb2-Cdk1 possessed higher intrinsic kinase activity than Clb5-Cdk1, enabling efficient phosphorylation of a broad range of mitotic Cdk1 targets. (nature.com)
- Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nature.com)
- Schulman, B. A., Lindstrom, D. L. & Harlow, E. Substrate recruitment to cyclin-dependent kinase 2 by a multipurpose docking site on cyclin A. (nature.com)
- Human herpesvirus 8 open reading frame 21 is a thymidine and thymidylate kinase of narrow substrate specificity that efficiently phosphorylates zidovudine but not ganciclovir. (umassmed.edu)
- Using this, we showed that the tyrosine kinase ZAP-70, which is critical for T cell signaling, discriminates substrates through an electrostatic selection mechanism encoded within its catalytic domain (Shah et al. (escholarship.org)
- 2016). Here, we expand this high-throughput platform to analyze the intrinsic specificity of any tyrosine kinase domain against thousands of peptides derived from human tyrosine phosphorylation sites. (escholarship.org)
- These results point to the importance of direct recognition at the kinase active site in fine-tuning specificity. (escholarship.org)
- A systematic study was undertaken in order to assess the substrate specificity of cyclin-B/cell division control protein kinase (CDC2) isolated from human HeLa cells, using 13-15 residue peptides with a central histone-like KKSPKK motif as a model. (unityfvg.it)
Peptides3
- Brown, N. R., Noble, M. E., Endicott, J. A. & Johnson, L. N. The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases. (nature.com)
- Substrate peptides that lism (4). (cdc.gov)
- The specific characters of peptides (high bioactivity, high specificity, and low toxicity) have made them attractive therapeutic agents. (intechopen.com)
Model substrates3
- The primary specificity of the enzyme for these natural substrates is shown to closely correspond to that observed for model substrates. (caltech.edu)
- T o obtain better insights into the mechanism of ribonucleotyic activity we have modeled 7 human RN ases and bovine RNase A each with two different model substrates (ACAC and AUAU). (inrs.ca)
- For some members these model substrates remains stro ngly bound to the active-site, while for other members they are ejected within 10-20 nanosecon ds. (inrs.ca)
Distinct substrate2
- Recent crystal structures of ssDNA-bound A3s together with experimental studies have provided some insights into distinct substrate specificities among the family members. (umassmed.edu)
- Neuronal palmitoyl acyl transferases exhibit distinct substrate specificity. (nih.gov)
Proteins4
- The structural specificity of α-chymotrypsin for polypeptides and denatured proteins has been examined. (caltech.edu)
- The P-loop is best known for its presence in ATP- and GTP-binding proteins, and is also found in a variety of proteins with phosphorylated substrates. (wikipedia.org)
- The substrate specificities and affinities of substrate binding proteins MalE1 and MalE2 were measured and found to differ and are also expressed under different growth conditions. (uconn.edu)
- Six other putative sugar binding proteins from examined and four of them were found to be binding to ribose, xylose, myo-inositol and digalacturonic acid with high affinities and specificities. (uconn.edu)
Glutathione2
- GGT catalyzes the hydrolysis of the γ-glutamyl isopeptide bond of glutathione conjugates, releasing glutamic acid, or the transfer of the γ-glutamyl group to an acceptor substrate. (uoguelph.ca)
- The transpeptidation activity of bovine kidney GGT was measured with glycylglycine as acceptor substrate and several glutathione conjugate donor substrates, representative of detoxication products of polycyclic aromatic xenobiotics. (uoguelph.ca)
Acyl1
- The reduced specificity for the product and the high initial transferase/hydrolase ratio of betaF24A resulted in high yields in acyl transfer reactions. (hanze.nl)
Inhibitor1
- Human prostaglandin reductase 1 (PGR1): Substrate specificity, inhibitor analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
Phosphorylation4
- Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
- Phosphorylation of Clb5-specific targets during S phase was reduced by replacing Clb5 with Clb2 or by mutating the substrate RXL motif, confirming the importance of Clb5 specificity in vivo . (nature.com)
- Thus, Clb5 and Clb2 use distinct mechanisms to enhance the phosphorylation of S-phase and M-phase substrates. (nature.com)
- Figure 3: Clb5-specific substrate phosphorylation occurs in vivo . (nature.com)
Recombinant2
- The substrate profile of the toxins was investigated with recombinant LCGT transferase domains (rN) and a wide panel of small GTPases. (pasteur.fr)
- Thus, in vitro analysis of substrate spectra using recombinant transferase domains corresponding to the auto-proteolytically cleaved domains, predicts more precisely the in vivo substrates than the full length toxins. (pasteur.fr)
Regulates1
- However, the molecular interactions responsible for their distinct biological functions and how structure regulates substrate specificity are not clear. (umassmed.edu)
Constants2
- In addition to the previously described substrates, four novel compounds, Ac-Glu-Met, Ac-Asp-Met and, surprisingly, Ac-Ala-Glu and Ac-Ala-Met were identified as substrates for GCPII, and their respective kinetic constants determined. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Further analysis of the betaF24A mutant showed that it had specificity constants (kcat/Km) for p-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester and phenylglycine methyl ester that were similar to the wild-type values, whereas the specificity constants for p-hydroxyphenylglycine amide and phenylglycine amide had decreased 10-fold, due to a decreased kcat value. (hanze.nl)
Chromogenic2
- The commonly-used chromogenic donor substrate γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide was also tested. (uoguelph.ca)
- Mutation of alphaF146, betaF24 and betaF57 to Tyr, Trp, Ala or Leu yielded mutants that were still capable of hydrolysing the chromogenic substrate 2-nitro-5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-benzoic acid. (hanze.nl)
Coli3
- Our research is focused on studying an ABC importer in E. coli, as a model system, to examine the mechanism of substrate specificity and transport. (usfca.edu)
- In the present review, we will deal with work performed on substrate specificity, reaction mechanism and 3D structure of E. coli MurD. (degruyter.com)
- We revealed that in the γ-GCS activity, S. agalactiae γ-GCS-GS had different substrate specificities from those of Escherichia coli γ-GCS. (elsevierpure.com)
Ribonucleases1
- The main biological roles of these ribonucleases are cleaving or degrading RNA substrates. (frontiersin.org)
Structural basis3
- In this study, we identified the structural basis of substrate specificities in three catalytically active A3 domains whose crystal structures have been previously characterized: A3A, A3B- CTD, and A3G-CTD. (umassmed.edu)
- Hou S, Lee JM, Myint W, Matsuo H, Kurt Yilmaz N, Schiffer CA. Structural basis of substrate specificity in human cytidine deaminase family APOBEC3s. (umassmed.edu)
- Structural basis for substrate specificity. (expasy.org)
Kcat1
- The best substrates in terms of kcat/Km were 15-keto-PGE2, trans-3-nonen-2-one and trans-2-decenal. (ox.ac.uk)
Amino5
- The change of a single amino acid, E146A, was sufficient to transform the catalytic properties and substrate preference of SULT1A3, such that they closely resembled those of SULT1A1. (aspetjournals.org)
- Finally, some reactive esters of N-acetylated amino acids have been evaluated as substrates of α-chymotrypsin. (caltech.edu)
- D-Ser is a poor substrate while the enzyme is inactive with respect to L-Ser and 1-amino-1-carboxy cyclopropane (ACC). (elsevierpure.com)
- The enzymes that dephosphorylate these three amino acids are classified into four groups on the basis of specific catalytic signatures/domain sequences and substrate preference. (ac.be)
- A single amino acid change (Glu18 to Asp18) improved the substrate specificity of mDJ-1 toward NacLys and NacArg. (bvsalud.org)
Tyrosine2
- The specificity of tyrosine kinases is attributed predominantly to localization effects dictated by non-catalytic domains. (escholarship.org)
- We developed a method to profile the specificities of tyrosine kinases by combining bacterial surface-display of peptide libraries with next-generation sequencing. (escholarship.org)
Toxicity1
- A life-or-death selection was employed to select for PhaC variants able to polymerise aromatic substrates based upon the toxicity of the un-polymerized aromatic hydroxyacid monomers. (wgtn.ac.nz)
Glutamate1
- Structural analysis of hDJ-1 by molecular docking and simulation studies, however, indicates a possible role of glutamate (Glu18) in determining its substrate specificity . (bvsalud.org)
Hydrophobic2
- Clb5 specificity depended on an interaction between a hydrophobic patch in Clb5 and a short sequence in the substrate (the RXL or Cy motif). (nature.com)
- Figure 2: Clb5 specificity depends on an interaction between the Clb5 hydrophobic patch and an RXL motif in the substrate. (nature.com)
Conformation3
- It emerges from this study that the enzyme does not require a planar ribose conformation of the substrate to catalyse C - F bond formation. (sinapse.ac.uk)
- Through molecular modeling and dynamic simulations, we found an interdependency between ssDNA substrate binding conformation and nucleotide sequence specificity. (umassmed.edu)
- In sequence, the substrate and two Mg ions are aligned, the nucleophile 3'-OH is deprotonated, the sugar conformation changes and the new bond is formed. (nii.ac.jp)
Cholinesterase5
- 1(2-Acetoxyethyl)quinuclidinium iodide has been examined as a substrate of both purified acetylcholinesterase and human serum cholinesterase. (aspetjournals.org)
- Direct visualization of cholinesterase activity on polyacrylamide gels is routinely practiced using acetylthiocholine as a substrate. (who.int)
- Here, we have explored alternative substrates, such as 1-NA and 2-NA which might have the potential to behave as specific substrates for the detection of hemolysate cholinesterase activity on the gels. (who.int)
- Moreover, the enzyme activity bands formed using 1-NA proves the specificity of the substrate for hemolysate cholinesterase as in the presence of specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitors the band formation disappears. (who.int)
- Our results prove that 1-NA is an alternative substrate of hemolysate cholinesterase which specifically detects the enzyme activity on gel rapidly. (who.int)
Preference1
- Previous studies indicate that there is no preference for a common substrate by all members. (inrs.ca)
Enzyme activity1
- A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts. (bvsalud.org)
Variants1
- Studies have been done of MetQ substrate specificity by purifying several variants of MetQ. (usfca.edu)
Vitro1
- The docking studies strongly suggested that AmyC easily accommodated the short substrates as it was exhibited in vitro and seemed to look like maltogenic amylases. (olmdiagnostics.com)
RNases1
- The r esults in ground (reactant) state indicate significant variations in the interactions of the huma n RNases family members with model substrate. (inrs.ca)
Activity7
- Although overall structurally similar, A3s have vastly varying deamination activity and substrate preferences. (umassmed.edu)
- The regulation of PP2A is mainly accomplished by the identity of the regulatory B-type subunit, which determines substrate specificity, subcellular localization and catalytic activity of the PP2A holoenzyme. (ac.be)
- PON1 activity was determined using phenyl acetate (PA) and CMPA [4-(Chloromethyl)phenyl acetate] as substrates, and Q192R genotyping was performed using the TaqMan-Applied Biosystems 7900 HT System. (cdc.gov)
- Analysis of variance [ANOVA] with repeated-measures did not show the expected decrease in PON1 activity over time with either substrate. (cdc.gov)
- Canonical discriminant analysis confirmed that the PON1 activity-defined by PA and CMPA substrates-provided good separation of the genotypes at each time point (R-sq range: 0.65-0.73), suggesting approximately 70% of the variation in PON1 activity is explained by the Q192R genotype. (cdc.gov)
- Activity is regulated on two levels: overall activity and substrate specificity (as only one RNR catalyses the reduction of all four ribonucleotides under given physiological conditions). (lu.se)
- The first PTPase domain has enzymatic activity, while the second one seems to affect the substrate specificity of the first one. (lu.se)
Genes1
- I constructed a minimal plasmid for the expression of PhaC and a second plasmid with the CoA ligase genes required for substrate activation. (wgtn.ac.nz)
Closely1
- Using this approach, we find a difference in the electrostatic recognition of substrates between the closely related Src-family kinases Lck and c-Src. (escholarship.org)
Sequence1
- We develop a homology model and use comparative sequence analyses to identify substitutions in the substrate-binding site of SiaT that may explain the altered specificity. (instem.res.in)
Human1
- Structure-guided approach to modify the substrate specificity of the protein human deglycase-1 (hDJ-1). (bvsalud.org)
Complexes2
- A- and B-type cyclins differentially modulate substrate specificity of cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
- More recently we have probed the allosteric regulation of class II and class III RNRs by solving the structures of complexes with several combinations of allosteric effector and substrate [2,5]. (lu.se)
Concentration2
Basis2
- Our results explain the molecular basis of previously observed substrate specificities in A3s and have implications for designing A3-specific inhibitors for cancer therapy as well as engineering base-editing systems for gene therapy. (umassmed.edu)
- Analysis of double-strand break synapses with Pol λ reveals basis for unique substrate specificity. (nih.gov)
Reveals1
- We now report that the enzyme will accept 2′-deoxyadenosine in place of adenosine substrates, and structural evidence reveals a reorganisation in hydrogen bonding to accommodate this substrate series. (sinapse.ac.uk)
Insights1
- Overall, these studies are providing us structural and dynamical insights into affinity of substrate by various members of this family. (inrs.ca)
Kinetic1
- The importance of non-productive binding in determining the kinetic parameters of these substrates is discussed. (caltech.edu)
Strongly1
- Sampling substrate strongly determined the community compositions of algae and other micro-eukaryotes. (gettysburg.edu)
Recognition1
- The disordered (β3-β4) and (β7-β8) loops contained in the AmyC active cleft were presumed to be the recognition sites of the non-reducing end substrate. (olmdiagnostics.com)
Active site5
- A partial model of the locus of the active site which interacts with the R' 1 CONH- group of a substrate of the form R' 1 CONHCHR 2 COR' 3 is proposed. (caltech.edu)
- This specificity of hDJ-1 is thought to be regulated by its active site cysteine residue (Cys106). (bvsalud.org)
- We have been able to explain how conformational changes a loop spanning the dimer interface communicate the substrate specificity signal to the active site for the class II RNR. (lu.se)
- Similar movements were observed for the class III enzyme but the full picture has still not been obtained as substrates were not observed to bind to the active site in this system. (lu.se)
- We continue to try to obtain substrate binding to the active site of class III RNRs. (lu.se)
Structure1
- The structure specificity of alpha-chymotrypsin. (caltech.edu)
Interaction1
- The importance of a binding interaction between the carboxyl function of the substrate and the enzyme is suggested by the results obtained. (caltech.edu)
Study1
- The results are interpreted in terms of the available specificity theories and are compared with results obtained in the study of polypeptide substrates. (caltech.edu)
Studies2
- Mutational studies suggest that Ser78 and Gln77 are key determinants of enzyme specificity and the phenolate of Tyr287 is responsible for Cα proton abstraction from D-Cys. (elsevierpure.com)
- Modifing Aspergillus Oryzae S2 amylase substrate specificity and thermostability through its tetramerisation using biochemical and in silico studies and stabilization. (olmdiagnostics.com)