Study cognitive reserve. Medical search. Frequent questions

Their study finds a variety of lifelong lifestyle factors like participating in clubs, religious groups, and sports or artistic activities appear to promote a so-called "cognitive reserve" that serves as a buffer against cognitive decline and dementia. (studyfinds.org)
These results are exciting because they indicate that cognitive ability is subject to factors throughout our lifetime and taking part in an intellectually, socially and physically active lifestyle may help ward off cognitive decline and dementia," says study author Dorina Cadar, PhD, from Brighton and Sussex Medical School, in a media release . (studyfinds.org)
A 1997 study found that Alzheimer's disease pathology in large brains did not necessarily result in clinical dementia. (wikipedia.org)
Education may play a key role in developing "cognitive reserve" against neurodegenerative dementia. (uniba.it)
While frequently studied in the context of dementia, reserve in delirium is relatively understudied. (harvard.edu)
We examined the association of three markers of brain reserve (head circumference, MRI-derived brain volume, and leisure time physical activity) and five markers of cognitive reserve (education, vocabulary, cognitive activities, cognitive demand of lifetime occupation, and interpersonal demand of lifetime occupation) and the risk of postoperative delirium in a prospective observational study of 566 older adults free of dementia undergoing scheduled surgery. (harvard.edu)
Our findings suggest that the reserve markers that are important for delirium may be different from those considered to be important for dementia. (harvard.edu)
However, in this study, tests for dementia given to persons older than 30 years showed some performance decline from 40 to 45 years. (medscape.com)
One study compared the clinical findings in individuals with DS and dementia with those with dementia and intellectual disabilities. (medscape.com)
Can A Baby's Birth Size Tell Us Something About The Late-Life Risk For Dementia And Cognitive Impairment? (databasefootball.com)
Finally, lower cognitive ability, lower education, and low occupational achievement throughout a person's lifetime have been linked to an increased risk for age-related cognitive decline and dementia. (databasefootball.com)
We conducted a registry-based cohort study using data from the Swedish Twin-, Birth-, Patient-, and Cause of Death Registers resulting in a sample of more than 35,000 individuals born between 1926 and 1960with information on birth characteristics, health status (dementia diagnosis), and vital status. (databasefootball.com)
The main outcome measures were registry-based dementia diagnoses in the full sample and telephone-assessed cognitive impairment in the subsample. (databasefootball.com)
Methods: From 2000 to 2002, we assessed parental history of dementia in participants without dementia of the Rotterdam Study. (palmbeachneurological.com)
Methods: We studied 2,428 community-dwelling black and white older adults (baseline age 70-79 years) without dementia enrolled in the. (palmbeachneurological.com)
ABSTRACT Objective: Renal dysfunction has been linked with increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia, but studies are conflicting. (palmbeachneurological.com)
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer disease. (nature.com)
In this Review, the authors examine the potential of key molecules in the pathophysiology as biomarkers of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia and consider the challenges of clinical translation. (nature.com)
A new study examining trends in postmortem neuropathology results over the past 25 years provides important insights into secular trends in dementia risk. (nature.com)
Proving the old adage "use it or lose it", a new study has shown that being good with words could help stave off ageing conditions including dementia. (express.co.uk)
A second study, from experts at New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (IBR), revealed that eating a diet packed with a handful of walnuts every day can have a major impact on keeping dementia at bay. (express.co.uk)
The implication of the findings is that early life performance on cognitive tests could be used to identify potential at-risk populations who might especially benefit from interventions aimed at modifying their dementia risk, such as those promoting social/mental stimulation," wrote Serhiy Dekhtyar, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, to Alzforum. (alzforum.org)
Another study, published in 2022 in PNAS , found that more time spent in cognitively passive activities, such as watching TV, is linked to increased dementia risk, whereas more time spent in cognitively active tasks, such as using a computer, is linked to a reduced risk of dementia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
And a study from JAMA Open , published in July 2023, found that frequently engaging in brain-challenging activities, including journaling, playing chess, and solving crossword puzzles was associated with a lower risk of developing dementia among older adults. (medicalnewstoday.com)
She said that cognitively stimulating activities such as reading and crossword puzzles reduce dementia risk and boost cognition by increasing the cognitive reserve , which she likened to the size of one's mental library. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The investigators focused on a group of 331 participants without dementia who were part of an additional study, the ARIC-PET study, in which participants underwent specialized brain imaging. (neurosciencenews.com)
The data was pulled from ACTIVE trial , an NIH-funded longitudinal study to better understand how to prevent the onset of dementia. (vox.com)
Background and Objectives Little is known about the effect of education or other indicators of cognitive reserve on the rate of reversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to normal cognition (NC) or the relative rate (RR) of reversion from MCI to NC vs progression from MCI to dementia. (uky.edu)
Our objectives were to (1) estimate transition rates from MCI to NC and dementia and (2) determine the effect of age, APOE , and indicators of cognitive reserve on the RR of reversion vs progression using multistate Markov modeling. (uky.edu)
Methods We estimated instantaneous transition rates between NC, MCI, and dementia after accounting for transition to death across up to 12 assessments in the Nun Study, a cohort study of religious sisters aged 75+ years. (uky.edu)
Objective To summarise evidence on the preventive effects of continuing education on mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's-type dementia in adults 45 years or older. (bmj.com)
Systematic reviews consistently reported a positive association between participation in cognitively stimulating leisure activities and reduced incidence of dementia and improved cognitive test performance. (bmj.com)
Conclusion Available results demonstrate that cognitive reserve increases through continuing education and show a positive association of cognitive leisure activities with both improved cognitive function and lower dementia incidence. (bmj.com)
Dementia can be avoided or delayed, even among those more pre-disposed to the condition, claims a new study based on researching people in the UK over 60 years. (sussex.ac.uk)
The study, published in Neurology® , the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology , shows for the first time that building mental resilience across a lifetime - a 'cognitive reserve' - through education, socialising, jobs and having several leisure activities, can reduce the risk of dementia, even among those with low childhood cognition or a genetic predisposition to the condition. (sussex.ac.uk)
These results are exciting because they indicate that cognitive ability is influenced by various factors throughout our lifetime and taking part in an intellectually, socially and physically active lifestyle may help ward off cognitive decline and dementia," said study author Dorina Cadar, PhD, Brighton and Sussex Medical School. (sussex.ac.uk)
Considering that we struggle to successfully treat dementia, this study is promising that we could and should build our mental resilience throughout our entire life before it's too late. (sussex.ac.uk)
However, a 2018 meta-analysis of prospective studies indicated no statistically significant association between coffee consumption and the risk of dementia 12 . (coffeeandhealth.org)
Dementia and cognitive decline in older adulthood: are agricultur al workers at greater risk? (cdc.gov)
Objectives: To examine whether long-term exposure to agricultur al work is associated with dementia prevalence and the rate of cognitive change in older adulthood. (cdc.gov)
Discussion: Consistent with European studies, results from the United States also demonstrate a higher prevalence of dementia among agricultur al workers. (cdc.gov)
Dementia refers not to a single disorder but to a number of syndromes characterized by diverse behavioral, cognitive, and emotional impairments. (cdc.gov)
We identified articles for review primarily by conducting a Medline search using the subject headings dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and Lewy body dementia . (cdc.gov)
Dementia represents a diverse category of syndromes characterized by deficits in memory, cognitive function, and behavior. (cdc.gov)
To promote cognitive functioning and independence among older adults, public health interventions need to facilitate both early detection and treatment of dementia. (cdc.gov)
Recent advances in the treatment of dementia may slow the course of cognitive decline, thereby enhancing the quality of life of older individuals as well as decreasing costs associated with institutional care. (cdc.gov)
Articles included in this review were primarily identified through a Medline search of the terms dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, mental disorders, and stigma . (cdc.gov)
38.3% no formal education) in the baseline examination of the Multidomain Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China study. (bvsalud.org)
A Life-Course Study of Cognitive Reserve in Dementia-From Childhood to Old Age. (lu.se)
One study that compared the clinical findings in persons with dementia and DS with clinical findings in persons with dementia and intellectual disabilities due to other etiologies found that patients with DS had a higher prevalence of mood changes, over activity, auditory hallucinations, and disturbed sleep, as well as less aggression. (medscape.com)
A new study recently published in Neurology looked at the quantity of a person's sleep and how that could correlate with the diagnosis of dementia later in life. (medscape.com)
If you look at the study, in patients who slept longer, this may actually be a premonitory symptom of dementia and Alzheimer disease itself. (medscape.com)
Also in the study was another very interesting finding: People who slept longer than 9 hours a night who also had less than a high school education were at a 600% increased risk for dementia. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Now, that underscores a couple of things: When you have higher educational status, the theory of cognitive reserve or a cognitive backup system can certainly protect against dementia. (medscape.com)
In this case, when you combine the two factors in this study, there was a profound increase in the likelihood that that person will be diagnosed with dementia later. (medscape.com)

We carried out an exploratory study involving a sample of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, with high and low education respectively, and a sample of healthy elder controls. (uniba.it)
The HELIAD is a population-based, multidisciplinary, collaborative study designed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of AD, other dementias, mild cognitive impairment, and other neuropsychiatric conditions of aging in the Greek population and to investigate associations between nutrition and cognitive dysfunction/age-related neuropsychiatric diseases in this Mediterranean population. (karger.com)
The research looked at 222 healthy individuals and 104 with mild cognitive impairment who were over the age of 50. (express.co.uk)
The results revealed a greater prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in participants who achieved a lower vocabulary level score. (express.co.uk)
The purpose of this study was to compare the intellectual functioning of a sample of patients with mild traumatic brain injury, obtained by means of the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS), with their performance in a number of neuropsychological measures of executive functions, such as the Halstead Category Test (HCT), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Stroop Word and Color Test (SWCT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). (scirp.org)
A recent study published in JAMA Neurology explored whether post-acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) symptoms differ between men and women. (stark-stark.com)
In this cohort study, a total of 2,000 patients with mild traumatic brain injury (1,331 men and669 women) were included. (stark-stark.com)
Researchers from Melbourne, Australia looked at cognitive reserve and age as factors to predict the cognitive recovery after a mild to severe traumatic brain injury. (stark-stark.com)
Cognitive Reserve and Mild Cognitive Impairment" by Maryam Iraniparast, Yidan Shi et al. (uky.edu)
and Tyas, Suzanne L., "Cognitive Reserve and Mild Cognitive Impairment" (2022). (uky.edu)
Objective: This study examined whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) baseline levels of the synaptic protein NPTX2 predict time to onset of symptoms of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), both alone and when accounting for traditional CSF Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker levels. (researchgate.net)
Although the decline in brain function was small, it could be meaningful for individuals with already low cognitive function or pre-existing mild cognitive impairment who are considering surgery with general anesthesia, the researchers note. (news-medical.net)
BACKGROUND: Plasma biomarkers have emerged as a promising approach for characterizing pathophysiology in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). (bvsalud.org)
As part of any risk factor assessment, either for trying to reduce a person's risk for Alzheimer disease or when you're first trying to make a diagnosis of a person with cognitive impairment, does that person have mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease? (medscape.com)
A 62-year-old Black male presents with mild cognitive impairment and breathlessness on minor exertion such as walking and normal daily activity. (medscape.com)

It's heartening to find that building up one's cognitive reserve may offset the negative influence of low childhood cognition for people who might not have benefited from an enriching childhood and offer stronger mental resilience until later in life. (studyfinds.org)
Objective: Years of education are the most common proxy for measuring cognitive reserve (CR) when assessing the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and cognition. (omicsonline.org)
Analysis from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, a prospective cohort study, also suggested that caffeine intake was associated with better baseline cognition in adults over 70 years of age 6 . (coffeeandhealth.org)
Two Dutch studies on subjects aged 24-81 years also found positive effects of caffeine on cognition, mainly reaction time and verbal memory, but no age-related were observed 7,8 . (coffeeandhealth.org)
A further systematic literature review published in 2013 found only six prospective studies that encouraged further study of decline across the spectrum of cognition. (coffeeandhealth.org)
Mark Turner , professor of Cognitive Science at Case Western Reserve University, is one of the leading theorists and researchers in studying the nature of human cognition, and one of the originators of the theory of Conceptual Blending , which describes how we combine abstractions from different domains to understand and imagine. (fenwick.com)

How much does more engagement build the brain's cognitive reserve? (studyfinds.org)
Cognitive reserve is the mind's and brain's resistance to damage of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Brain reserve may be defined as the brain's resilience, its ability to cope with increasing damage while still functioning adequately. (wikipedia.org)
Cognitive reserve" is the name given to the brain's capacity to compensate for the loss of its functions. (express.co.uk)
They found that factors such as taking part in clubs, religious groups, sports or artistic activities, along with educational attainment by age 26, occupation and reading ability, may affect the brain's cognitive reserve. (eurekalert.org)
However, the speed of aging varies, depending upon a person's cognitive reserve - the brain's ability to maintain optimal performance while coping with age-related changes. (earth.com)
Experts also believe that education can help build up the brain's " cognitive reserve ", which makes it better able to withstand the effects of aging and disease. (seniorresource.com)

This is an efficiency model, rather than a threshold model, and it implies that the task is processed using less resources or using neural resources more efficiently, resulting in better cognitive performance. (wikipedia.org)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of cognitive reserve by examining both its convergent and its discriminant validity across three different samples of participants using structural equation modeling. (columbia.edu)
The cognitive test completed by the participants at age 69 featured a maximum possible score of 100. (studyfinds.org)
Additionally, participants with a higher cognitive reserve index and reading ability tended to see their cognitive scores decline at a slower rate than people with lower scores, regardless of childhood test scores. (studyfinds.org)
For instance, participants who remained with the study until age 69 were more likely to be healthier, have stronger overall thinking skills, and more socially advantaged than those who did not stick with the project. (studyfinds.org)
In 1988 a study published in Annals of Neurology reporting findings from post-mortem examinations on 137 elderly persons unexpectedly revealed that there was a discrepancy between the degree of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and the clinical manifestations of the disease: some participants whose brains had extensive Alzheimer's disease pathology, had no or very few clinical manifestations of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
Methods:Participants with early-stage cognitive decline were assigned to three weeks of daily long-known music listening, lasting one hour in duration. (iospress.com)
They followed 1,184 people from the United Kingdom from childhood until the age of 69 years, at which point the participants undertook a cognitive test with a maximum score of 100. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Twenty years into the study, participants were an average of 76 years old. (neurosciencenews.com)
Participants with any level of amyloid beta and with college, postgraduate or professional schooling had average cognitive scores of about one or more standard units higher than those who had less than a high school education, regardless of beta amyloid levels in the brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
The university release has said the study however did not have enough participants of other races and ethnicities to include them in the analysis. (yahoo.com)
All participants were healthy at the beginning of the study. (vox.com)
The cognitive test participants took at age 69 has a maximum total score of 100. (eurekalert.org)
Results Of the 619 participants, 472 were assessed with MCI during the study period. (uky.edu)
Methods: One hundred thirty-seven participants were studied at two time-points at an interval of 2. (researchgate.net)
The study analyzed nearly 2,000 participants in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging and found that exposure to anesthesia after age 70 was linked to long-term changes in brain function. (news-medical.net)
Participants in Olmsted County, Minnesota, undergo cognitive assessments at roughly 15-month intervals. (news-medical.net)
The group included 1,819 participants, ages 70 to 89 at the time of study enrollment. (news-medical.net)
Participants took cognitive tests when they were eight years old and again when they were 69 years old. (sussex.ac.uk)
By conducting an experiment that measured the speed of cognitive functioning of 63 healthy older adults (aged 60 or above), the scientists found that the more fluent the participants were in a second language, the faster they were in solving the tasks they were presented with. (earth.com)
A pilot study on 39 healthy participants, aged 53-79 years, found that decaffeinated coffee enriched with chlorogenic acids improved mood and some mood-related behaviours, compared to regular decaffeinated coffee. (coffeeandhealth.org)
The Rancho Bernardo study with 1,538 participants - 890 healthy women and 638 healthy men from South California with a mean age of 73 years - reported that higher caffeine consumption in a lifetime was associated with better performance in women in 6 out of 12 cognitive tests, with a trend in two other tests. (coffeeandhealth.org)
After the survey questions, the participants were asked retrospective probes about question meaning and they were asked to comment about some of the major concepts studied in the survey. (cdc.gov)
Participants were recruited from the VA office, with special care to recruit Gulf War veterans, female veterans, veterans who have been deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan, or veterans who have been called up from the Reserve or the National Guard. (cdc.gov)
All participants, including proxies were federal employees (from the VA, BLS and the Federal Reserve). (cdc.gov)
A total of 291 participants were included in the study. (who.int)

The researchers used a standard test carried out in the military called young adult general cognitive ability - in essence, an IQ test. (dailymail.co.uk)
But researchers from the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain have studied what factors can help to improve this ability and they conclude that having a higher level of vocabulary is one such factor. (express.co.uk)
In a recent study - published in 2022 in Neurology - researchers investigated how childhood cognitive skills, education attainment, and leisure activities affected cognitive reserve. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The team of researchers at NYU reported that such extreme heat can worsen cognitive decline among vulnerable groups. (yahoo.com)
As a result, researchers found that high exposure to extreme heat was associated with faster cognitive decline among residents of poor neighbourhoods, but not for those in wealthier neighbourhoods. (yahoo.com)
In one 2012 study , researchers looked at 10 exchange students who were native English speakers studying German in Switzerland. (healthline.com)
Researchers found that for every unit increase in childhood test scores, the old-age cognitive test score increased by 0.10 points on average. (eurekalert.org)
In this study, researchers used resources from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, a long-term epidemiologic and population-based prospective study about cognitive changes related to aging. (news-medical.net)
The researchers analyzed whether exposure to surgery and anesthesia during the period 20 years before enrollment was associated with cognitive decline and whether exposure to anesthesia after study enrollment as an older adult was associated with a cognitive change. (news-medical.net)
This account is specially designed to help researchers with their studies in the cognitive areas. (cognifit.com)
The work has also been replicated by a separate set of researchers in a study of more than 6,500 students in Norway. (scientificamerican.com)

Studies that track a person's cognitive function from youth to old age are rare. (alzforum.org)
According to previous studies, the more complex these neural networks are, the greater a person's cognitive reserve and thus capacity to cope with aging. (earth.com)

The study reported that patients with DS had a higher prevalence of mood changes, overactivity, auditory hallucinations, disturbed sleep, and less aggression due to other etiologies. (medscape.com)
The study objectives were to investigate the prevalence of HAND and associated factors among treatment experienced adults in Ethiopia. (who.int)
There are almost no studies on epilepsy incidence and prevalence in Morocco. (who.int)
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive disorders in older Palestinians and its relationship with nutritional, functional and cognitive status. (who.int)

However, the brain mechanisms underlying improvement in cognitive performance are not yet clear. (iospress.com)
A British study of 9,003 adult subjects reported a dose-related improvement in cognitive performance with higher levels of coffee consumption. (coffeeandhealth.org)

The study found continuing to learn over the course of one's life may help protect the brain. (studyfinds.org)
Cumulative exposure to extreme heat can trigger a cascade of events in the brain, including cellular damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress, all of which can exhaust one's cognitive reserve, Professor Chang added. (yahoo.com)

Both papers lend support to the theory of cognitive reserve. (alzforum.org)

Prior studies have identified that decline in characterized by relative decrement in incidence of cognitive function of HIV + patients were strongly the severe form of HAND (i.e. (who.int)

Together, these past findings made us wonder whether such risk/protective factors may at least partly be established even before birth, manifesting themselves in measures related to birth size, which would result in an association between birth characteristics and measures of age-related cognitive dysfunction spanning an entire lifetime. (databasefootball.com)
Being born with low birth weight for gestational age as well as a small head for gestational age increased the risk for cognitive dysfunction late in life up to two-fold, even after controlling for familial factors, childhood socioeconomic status, and education in adulthood. (databasefootball.com)
By comparing identical twins who share all their genetic and familial environment (including prenatal factors) but were different in birth size, we could show that the observed association with cognitive dysfunction late in life is likely not entirely explained by familial confounding. (databasefootball.com)
We showed that indeed smaller birth size (especially birth weight and head circumference adjusted and unadjusted for gestational age) poses a small but significant risk for late-life cognitive dysfunction. (databasefootball.com)
We need to be sure that patients considering surgery, and their families, are properly informed that the risk of cognitive dysfunction is possible,' says Juraj Sprung, M.D., Ph.D., a Mayo Clinic anesthesiologist, who is the study's senior author. (news-medical.net)

From a public health and societal perspective, there may be broad, long-term benefits in investing in high education , widening opportunities for leisure activities and providing cognitive challenging activities for people, especially those working in less skilled occupations," adds Michal Schnaider Beeri, PhD, of Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. (studyfinds.org)

Higher childhood cognitive skills, a higher cognitive reserve index, and higher reading ability were all associated with higher scores on the cognitive test by age 69 years-old. (studyfinds.org)

Cognitive reserve and cortical atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study. (unifi.it)
We performed a 4.5-year longitudinal study in 75 older community dwellers (48 women, mean age: 79.3 years) including magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and follow-up, positron emission tomography amyloid during follow-up, neuropsychological assessment at 18 and 55 months, and APOE genotyping. (unige.ch)
A recent longitudinal study[18] in which babies born with DS were followed from age 6 weeks up to age 45 years found that the mean IQ, in verbal and nonverbal tasks, changed little between ages 21 and 45 years. (medscape.com)

More education and cognitively complex occupation are some of the factors that predict higher cognitive abilities in old age. (wikipedia.org)
Our data support a multifactorial model including amyloid deposition, older age, male gender, APOE4 allele, and slight decline of cognitive abilities as independent predictors of MTL volume loss in brain aging. (unige.ch)
Safely challenging our cognitive abilities, as long as it doesn't lead to frustration, is healthy and will even improve our confidence and sense of independence. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Trains and strengthens essential cognitive abilities in a professional way. (cognifit.com)
Depressive disorders in elderly people can affect their cognitive and physical abilities and nutritional status. (who.int)
The elderly often present attributable to a reduction in mental, cognitive and phys- with somatic or non-specific symptoms rather than the ical abilities, increased probability of death among their typical symptoms of depression, such as low energy, friends or loved ones, retirement and loss of communi- fatigue, reduction in physical movements and cognitive cation with people. (who.int)

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence has linked elevated resting heart rate (RHR) with poor cognitive function in older adults, but the mechanisms underlying their association are poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
Poor cognitive function and high RHR may be linked through systemic low-grade inflammation and endothelial injury. (bvsalud.org)

The training was formal education, low baseline CD4, and un- given by the primary investigator on how to employment were found to be significantly associated administer the cognitive assessment tool. (who.int)

A study published in Neurology in 2021 found that high levels of cognitive activity, such as reading, playing games like checkers and puzzles, and writing letters, can delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease by 5 years among those aged 80 years and over. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A new study published in JAMA Neurology further debunks the myth often heard by defense doctors in litigation: everyone recovers from an mTBI within 6 to 8 weeks. (stark-stark.com)

Another study reported head circumference to be independently associated with a reduced risk of clinical Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
A study has found that it is education up to the age of 20 that is the decisive factor whether you will resist the ravages of Alzheimer's disease. (dailymail.co.uk)
Dr Chauhan, said: "These findings are very promising and help lay the groundwork for future human studies on walnuts and Alzheimer's disease - a disease for which there is no known cure. (express.co.uk)
Two recent studies examine the effect of early life brain function on late-life risk for Alzheimer's disease. (alzforum.org)
In a search for clues to what may delay or prevent Alzheimer's disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine scientists report that smarter, more educated people aren't protected from the disease, but do get a cognitive "head start" that may keep their minds functioning better temporarily. (neurosciencenews.com)
Put another way, the investigators say, those who start out with greater cognitive reserve - a baseline of higher mental functioning - may have more they can afford to lose before Alzheimer's disease symptoms begin to interfere with their daily lives compared with those who don't have as much schooling or participate regularly in mentally challenging tasks. (neurosciencenews.com)
I work on methods that combine biomarkers to predict cognitive decline related to preclinical Alzheimer's Disease (AD) among normal individuals. (researchgate.net)
Although the outcome of this meta-analysis ranged from cognitive decline to Alzheimer's disease, the analyses showed a clear protective role of coffee. (coffeeandhealth.org)

Further, it seemed that this effect may largely be independent of familial confounding as well as of measures of cognitive reserve in mid-life. (databasefootball.com)
three on cognitive decline), found a reduced risk of cognitive decline across different measures of cognitive impairment (mean risk ratio 0.84) with caffeine intake, with moderate heterogeneity 10 . (coffeeandhealth.org)

The study sparked off interest in this area, and to try to confirm these initial findings further studies were done. (wikipedia.org)
p = 0.044) were the only predictors of deteriorating cognitive performance.Our findings suggest that higher CR in individuals with MS may mediate between cognitive performance and brain pathology. (unifi.it)
The findings highlight the importance of preventing prenatal growth restriction and closely monitoring the cognitive development of infants of small birth size. (databasefootball.com)
But the study authors and independent experts said the five-year population-based study sample was too small and the findings are premature and need to be replicated in. (palmbeachneurological.com)
One possible explanation for this pattern of findings is that Black older adults may have disproportionately experienced systemic disadvantages throughout their lives due to structural racism, segregation, and other discriminatory policies, all of which may affect cognitive reserve," said Professor Chang. (yahoo.com)
The study is notable not only for its findings but for its methods, which met today's exacting scientific requirements and then some: It is a randomized controlled trial of more than 12,000 students from a nationally representative sample of public schools. (scientificamerican.com)

Furthermore, those with higher capacity showed more rapid decline once becoming clinically impaired, probably indicating a failure of all compensatory systems and strategies put in place by the individual with greater reserve to cope with the increasing neuropathological damage. (wikipedia.org)
Cognitive reserve also indicates a resilience to neuropathological damage, but the emphasis here is in the way the brain uses its damaged resources. (wikipedia.org)
Cognitive and brain reserve theories suggest that aspects of neural architecture or cognitive processes modify the impact of neuropathological processes on cognitive outcomes. (harvard.edu)
BACKGROUND: Sedentary behavior is associated with cognitive impairment, but the neuropathological mechanisms underlying their associations are poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)

Growth curve models indicated that while agricultur al work exposure was associated with lower initial levels of cognitive functioning, over time, the pattern reversed with individuals in non-AFF jobs, showing more accelerated cognitive decline. (cdc.gov)

The study involved 1,184 people who were born in 1946 in the United Kingdom. (eurekalert.org)

Results: Carrying at least one ε2 allele was associated with larger GM volumes in brain areas typically affected by AD and also in areas associated with cognitive resilience. (lu.se)

Whether or not MTL atrophy is dependent on increasing amyloid load before the emergence of cognitive deficits is still disputed. (unige.ch)

Research on cognitive trajectories would benefit from incorporating predictors of reverse transitions and competing events, such as death, into statistical modeling. (uky.edu)

Unhealthy lifestyles, vascular diseases, genetic factors, oxidative stress and inflammation all accelerate cognitive decline and suggest that cognitive decline could, at least partly, be modifiable. (coffeeandhealth.org)

By the time cognitive and functional symptoms are detected through clinical assessment, disease progression may already be too advanced for treatment to be most effective. (jmir.org)

Heritability estimates have been found to be high for general cognitive functions but low for memory itself. (wikipedia.org)
As part of Project Talent, 377,016 students from 1,225 secondary schools in the U.S. underwent detailed tests that probed general cognitive ability, language skills, perception, visualization, and mathematics, as well as complex intellectual aptitudes such as creativity and abstract reasoning. (alzforum.org)

A new study indicates that although men and women are equally likely to experience cognitive impairment after acute ischaemic stroke, there are sex differences in particular cognitive domains. (nature.com)
While older adults often experience cognitive decline associated as part of the normal aging process, decline following exposure to anesthesia and surgery was found to be slightly accelerated beyond that associated with normative aging. (news-medical.net)

The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between Internet searches as a measure of language and cognitive function in older adults. (jmir.org)

Next, the team used a cognitive reserve index to combine people's education level at age 26, their participation in enriching leisure activities at age 43, and their occupation up to age 53. (studyfinds.org)
Studies use factors like education, occupation, and lifestyle as proxies for cognitive reserve because they tend to positively correlate with higher cognitive reserve. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, two most commonly used proxies to study cognitive reserve are education and occupation. (wikipedia.org)
Education is known to play a role in cognitive decline in normal aging, as well as in degenerative diseases or traumatic brain injuries. (wikipedia.org)
To test the cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis in the model of multiple sclerosis (MS) by assessing the interactions among CR, brain atrophy, and cognitive efficiency in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.A Cognitive Reserve Index was calculated including education, premorbid leisure activities, and IQ. (unifi.it)
Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between cognitive function and Internet searches by controlling for variables such as age, sex, and education. (jmir.org)
Objective: To test whether higher global functional connectivity of the left frontal cortex (LFC) in Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with more years of education (a proxy of cognitive reserve [CR]) and mitigates the association between AD-related fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET hypometabolism and episodic memory. (palmbeachneurological.com)
They write 'although previous studies have found that education improves cognitive capacity through late adolescence, the results suggest that associations between later-life cognitive function and education may reflect reverse causation - individuals with higher intellectual capacity tend to attain higher education. (dailymail.co.uk)
Most studies have looked at features such as education or IQ ascertained much later in life," he wrote to Alzforum. (alzforum.org)
She explained that cognitive reserve is developed over the life span through education and life experiences- especially those that are challenging and make one think. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Earlier studies suggested that people with higher intelligence or more education might have lower rates of these diseases, and Gottesman's team designed a study to test the idea. (neurosciencenews.com)
We estimated RRs of reversion vs progression for age, APOE , and potential cognitive reserve indicators: education, academic performance (high school grades), and written language skills (idea density, grammatical complexity). (uky.edu)
A growing body of research suggests that ongoing education can help keep your brain healthy and reduce your risk of cognitive decline. (seniorresource.com)
Research shows that education can boost cognitive function and protect against age-related decline. (seniorresource.com)
For example, in one study , an extra year of education led to a lower likelihood of anxiety and depression. (seniorresource.com)
Very low levels of education and cognitive reserve. (bvsalud.org)

Whether these differences are directly linked to biological sex is uncertain, as many factors, including age and pre-stroke factors, could contribute to cognitive outcomes. (nature.com)

Recent studies have demonstrated a close relationship between cognitive function and everyday behavior, an avenue of research that holds great promise for the early detection of cognitive decline. (jmir.org)
One area of behavior that changes with cognitive decline is language use. (jmir.org)
Friedman & Miyake (2017) described executive functions as high-level cognitive processes that, through their influence on lower-level processes, allow individuals to regulate their thoughts and actions during behavior aimed at the attainment of goals. (scirp.org)

We employed growth curve models to investigate implications of agricultur al work on age trajectories of cognitive functioning. (cdc.gov)

Genome-wide association studies have been designed primarily to capture common variation and so far some 10,000 common genetic variants have been robustly associated with a wide range of complex diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
This is an important point, they say, because of how pervasive cognitive diseases have become and how difficult they are to treat. (consumeraffairs.com)
RESULTS: People with high RHR were more likely to have cardiometabolic diseases and worse cognitive function (p (bvsalud.org)

According to scientists at Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), July 2023 was hotter than any other month in the global temperature record. (yahoo.com)

There's plenty of evidence to suggest that acquiring a new language improves cognitive function. (healthline.com)
Two early studies on both elderly and adult subjects found that caffeine improves attention span, psychomotor performance and cognitive function, as well as and feelings of well-being in the elderly. (coffeeandhealth.org)

Further studies have considered the specific effect of coffee consumption, suggesting that habitual coffee consumption may boost the cognitive reserve of older adults, particularly in women. (coffeeandhealth.org)

Of the reserve markers examined, only the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR) was significantly associated with the risk of delirium. (harvard.edu)
Cognitive function was not significantly associated with the length of the words used in the searches. (jmir.org)
The presence of depressive disorders was also significantly associated with lower scores on the instrumental activities of daily living scale and the Montreal cognitive assessment tool, and with hypercholesterolaemia, chewing and swallowing difficulties and lack of appetite. (who.int)

Higher reserve was found to provide a greater threshold before clinical deficit appears. (wikipedia.org)
This might indicate a vulnerability to the manifestation of clinical cognitive impairment, although there may be other explanations. (wikipedia.org)
Besides age, other studies have also shown some clinical differences that might be unique to persons with DS. (medscape.com)
Decision impact studies, evidence of clinical utility for genomic assays in cancer: A scoping review. (cdc.gov)

There was also a significant improvement in the memory subdomain of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. (iospress.com)

The link between exposure to anesthesia and surgery, and cognitive decline in older adults has been debated for many years. (news-medical.net)

It could be defined as the ability to optimize or maximize performance through differential recruitment of brain networks and/or alternative cognitive strategies. (wikipedia.org)
Background:Repeated exposure to long-known music has been shown to have a beneficial effect on cognitive performance in patients with AD. (iospress.com)
However, no study had examined how performance in multiple cognitive domains related to disease. (alzforum.org)
Almost all other cognitive domains trended in the same direction, meaning poor performance tended to increase risk. (alzforum.org)
Other components in coffee may also enhance cognitive performance in older adults. (coffeeandhealth.org)
The cognitive reserve framework may explain the seemingly paradoxical result on age patterning of cognitive performance across older adults with different work histories. (cdc.gov)
Performance Characteristics of Oncomine Focus Assay for Theranostic Analysis of Solid Tumors, A (21-Months) Real-Life Study. (cdc.gov)

Research suggests that cognitive reserve may be established quite early in life. (databasefootball.com)
Research suggests this hobby can have plenty of cognitive benefits. (healthline.com)
The research this far suggests having a stimulating job, a good diet, good exercise, and strong social ties are keys to increasing these reserves. (vox.com)
The data from our study suggests that a simple and inexpensive lifestyle measure such as daily tea drinking can reduce a person's risk of developing neurocognitive disorders in late life," said assistant professor Lei Feng. (consumeraffairs.com)
The study suggests that continuing to learn over a lifetime may help protect the brain, which is true even for people who have lower scores on cognitive tests in childhood. (eurekalert.org)
This suggests that bilingualism's benefits on cognitive reserve might be stronger than those of other known factors. (earth.com)

We hypothesize that individuals with poorer cognitive function will search using fewer unique terms, employ shorter words, and use less obscure words in their searches. (jmir.org)
Individuals with higher cognitive function used more unique terms per search (beta=.39, P =.002) and employed less common terms in their searches (beta=1.39, P =.02). (jmir.org)
This phenomenon - that individuals who are educated and have higher cognitive functioning are somewhat protected - is often referred to as cognitive reserve. (databasefootball.com)
Since the neuropathology typical of AD is observed very early in the life of persons with DS, the study of this condition in persons with DS could result in knowledge that could also be useful for individuals without DS. (medscape.com)

Objective:In this pilot study we propose to examine the effect o f repeated long-known music exposure on imaging indices and corresponding changes in cognitive function in patients with early-stage cognitive decline. (iospress.com)
Conclusion:These preliminary results suggest that neuroplastic mechanisms may mediate improvements in cognitive functioning associated with exposure to long-known music listening and that these mechanisms may be different in musicians compared to non-musicians. (iospress.com)
Scientists studied more than 1,000 men who served in the US military between 1965 and 1975, nearly 80 per cent of whom reported no combat exposure. (dailymail.co.uk)
Moreover, cumulative exposure to extreme heat was associated with faster cognitive decline among Black older adults, which may be due to structural racism - but not among white or Hispanic older adults. (yahoo.com)
Our research finds that cumulative exposure to extreme heat can undermine cognitive health, but it does so unequally across the population," said Eunyoung Choi, a postdoctoral associate at the NYU School of Global Public Health and the first author of the study, published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. (yahoo.com)
In older adults with borderline cognitive reserve that is not yet clinically obvious, exposure to anesthesia and surgery may unmask underlying problems with memory and thinking. (news-medical.net)
This study provides further reasons for clinicians to start performing routine preoperative cognitive evaluations of the elderly to further clarify an individual's risk of exposure to surgery and anesthesia. (news-medical.net)
The relationship between AFF exposure and cognitive functioning was not mediated by hearing impairment, depression, or physical health indicators. (cdc.gov)

There is evidence for long-lasting negative effects of adverse birth characteristics such as low birth weight, short birth length, small head circumference, preterm birth, and reduced fetal growth on academic achievement and cognitive functioning in childhood and early adulthood, independent of familial factors and socioeconomic status. (databasefootball.com)
In line with this, anthropometric measures (that are measures of the size and proportions of the human body, such as height and head circumference) in adulthood are positively associated with cognitive functioning throughout adulthood and negatively with age-related cognitive decline later in life. (databasefootball.com)

Methods: The study included 3 independent prospective. (palmbeachneurological.com)
Several studies suggest that higher educational attainment is positively associated with increased awareness of HIV prevention methods and can empower girls to pursue options that can keep them safe from HIV infection, while other indicate that for girls simply being enrolled in school is protective against HIV/AIDS assuming that girls who are attending school are less likely to begin having sex at an early age. (researchgate.net)
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among female private college students in Nekemte town between April and May, 2014. (researchgate.net)

Furthermore, the study showed that these persons had higher brain weights and greater number of neurons as compared to age-matched controls. (wikipedia.org)
She said: "This led us to the conclusion that a higher level of vocabulary, as a measure of cognitive reserve, can protect against cognitive impairment. (express.co.uk)
They additionally found people with a higher reading ability experienced slower cognitive decline than those with a lower reading ability. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The study also found that for people with a higher cognitive reserve index and reading ability, their scores on cognitive tests did not decline as rapidly as people with lower scores, regardless of their test scores at age eight. (eurekalert.org)
Is Ambulatory Laparoscopic Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Associated With Higher Adverse Events? (medscape.com)

Cognitive reserve is a hypothetical construct that has been used to inform models of cognitive aging and is presumed to be indicative of life experiences that may mitigate the effects of brain pathology. (columbia.edu)

Potential early life interventions targeted at increasing cognitive reserve need to be evaluated in future research. (databasefootball.com)

Discussion: In addition to the known resistance against amyloid-β deposition, the larger GM volumes in key brain regions may confer APOE ε2 homozygotes additional protection against AD-related cognitive decline. (lu.se)

There are two models that can be used when exploring the concept of "reserve": brain reserve and cognitive reserve. (wikipedia.org)
Using a computer analogy, brain reserve can be seen as hardware and cognitive reserve as software. (wikipedia.org)
Cognitive reserve is commonly used to refer to both brain and cognitive reserves in the literature. (wikipedia.org)
Structures like the cerebellum contribute to brain reserve. (wikipedia.org)
The cerebellum contains the majority of neurons in the brain and participates in both cognitive and motor operations. (wikipedia.org)
Cerebellar circuitry is a site of multiple forms of neuronal plasticity, a factor playing a major role in terms of brain reserve. (wikipedia.org)
A cognitive battery was administered, and brain activity was measured before and after intervention. (iospress.com)
Two breakthrough new studies have revealed that being good with words and eating just a handful of walnuts every day can help stave off the ravages of the brain disease. (express.co.uk)
A case study published in the Lancet, Public Health looked at the growing public health concern of homelessness and its relationship with traumatic brain injury. (stark-stark.com)
After 5 months of intensive language study, their proficiency in German had increased - and so had the density of gray matter in their brain. (healthline.com)
Scientists believe that structural damage to the brain can precede cognitive changes by 10 years. (vox.com)
The study results presented at the Alzheimer's conference found evidence for one type of brain training - a very specific task that targets speed of mental processing. (vox.com)
however, most previous studies in humans have not consistently shown association between anesthesia and impaired brain function. (news-medical.net)
Katherine Gray, Research Communications Manger at Alzheimer's Society, said "This long-term Alzheimer's Society funded study adds to a popular theory that the more you regularly challenge your brain, the less likely you are to experience memory and thinking problems in your later years. (sussex.ac.uk)
At the neuronal level, aging manifests itself through anatomical changes in the grey and white matter in specific brain regions, while at the cognitive level, short- and long-term memory deteriorates, information-processing speed decreases, and control over linguistic, visuospatial, and executive skills declines. (earth.com)
This reserve is built up over the course of life, as the brain strengthens various neural networks in response to different stimuli. (earth.com)
This can help stimulate your brain and build cognitive reserve. (seniorresource.com)

A subsample of 4000 twins older than 64 years also participated in a cognitive screening. (databasefootball.com)
In other studies, speed of processing training has been shown to help older Americans pay better attention on the road. (vox.com)
The study began in 1998 and recruited 2,800 older Americans (average age 74) in six cities. (vox.com)
They are based on a measure of association (median odds ratios) between abuse of older people and the consequence in question across the relevant studies. (who.int)

In this relatively large and well-designed study, most markers of reserve fail to predict delirium risk. (harvard.edu)

Anatomy1

Diseases4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Psychiatry and Psychology10

Phenomena and Processes1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Dementia55

Mild15

Cognition6

Brain's7

Better cognitive performance1

Participants25

Researchers11

Person's cognitive2

Prevalence4

Improvement in cognitive performance2

One's2

Theory of cognitive reserve1

Incidence1

Dysfunction5

Activities and providing1

Childhood cognitive skills1

Longitudinal3

Abilities6

Poor cognitive function2

Associated administer the1

Neurology2

Alzheimer's disease8

Measures of cognitive2

Findings6

Neuropathological4

Levels of cognitive1

1,184 people1

Resilience1

Deficits1

Predictors1

Vascular1

Symptoms1

General cognitive2

Experience cognitive2

Function in older adults1

Education16

Outcomes1

Behavior3

Trajectories1

Diseases3

20231

Improves2

Boost1

Significantly3

Clinical4

Assessment1

Decline in older1

Performance7

Suggests6

Individuals4

Exposure8

Adulthood2

Methods3

Higher5

Pathology1

Interventions1

APOE1

Brain17

Older4

Predict1