Strabismus convergence ocular. Medical search. Frequent questions

Convergence insufficiency is a common condition that is characterized by the inability to maintain proper binocular eye alignment on near objects. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] Convergence insufficiency is a common disorder in young and aging adults and may be isolated and idiopathic or associated with other neurologic disease. (medscape.com)
Convergence insufficiency is a supranuclear disorder of ocular motility. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] Considering this distributed network, convergence insufficiency is typically poorly localizing and, as an isolated finding, is much more likely to result from an inherent imbalance within this system or decompensation secondary to multifocal cerebral dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Convergence insufficiency is reported to be rare in children younger than 10 years. (medscape.com)
The prevalence of convergence insufficiency is the same in all industrial societies. (medscape.com)
The morbidity of convergence insufficiency relates to the near point visual demands of the patient's activities. (medscape.com)
Eye strain, fatigue, frequent loss of place while reading, and frank binocular diplopia associated with near point tasks are among the reported symptoms of convergence insufficiency. (medscape.com)
Convergence insufficiency has no racial predilection. (medscape.com)
The frequency of convergence insufficiency symptoms may increase with age as patients' ability to compensate for their relative divergent binocular alignment decreases with time. (medscape.com)
Pediatric ophthalmology and childhood reading difficulties: Convergence insufficiency: relationship to reading and academic performance. (uams.edu)
Below you will find the intake report of a 58 yo female patient suffering from Convergence Insufficiency and various other visual deficiencies. (strabismusworld.com)
Convergence insufficiency (CI) means the eyes have a problem focusing on near or moving objects. (eye-trends.com)
We also provide vision therapy to treat conditions such as amblyopia, strabismus, convergence insufficiency, and binocular vision dysfunction. (eye-trends.com)
Orthoptists treat many non-surgical disorders of ocular motility and binocular vision including, but not limited to, amblyopia , convergence insufficiency , and accommodative esotropia . (aao.org)
These patients may be referred to the orthoptist for sensorimotor evaluations, management of amblyopia , convergence insufficiency , accommodative esotropia , and other non-surgical disorders of ocular motility and binocular vision from the supervising ophthalmologist's practice, or from the medical community. (aao.org)
Demographic studies have shown that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is more prevalent in children with convergence insufficiency than in normal children. (ac.ir)
The purpose of the present study was to compare ADHD symptoms in Iranian children with convergence insufficiency and normal children. (ac.ir)
In the current descriptive-comparative study, 47 children diagnosed with convergence insufficiency were compared with 61 normal children in Borujen city. (ac.ir)
Headaches caused by convergence or accommodative insufficiency usually do not occur until school age and often not until third or fourth grade when the reading print becomes smaller and it takes a longer time to finish assignments. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
Convergence insufficiency usually occurs in the school-aged child who complains of a chronic headache, typically for several months. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
The signs and symptoms of this condition are exactly the same as convergence insufficiency. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
Another common binocular vision disorder that may be contributing to your migraines is convergence insufficiency (CI). (visionforlifeworks.com)
When a patient has convergence insufficiency, it means their eyes are not coming together closely enough when looking at a near object. (visionforlifeworks.com)
It's also not that unusual for a person with convergence insufficiency to cover or close one eye when reading to relieve any blurred or double vision. (visionforlifeworks.com)
Convergence insufficiency is an eye coordination disorder where the eyes cannot work together. (bettnervision.com)
Dr. Susan Cotter, a Professor of Optometry at the Southern California College of Optometry (SCCO) at Marshall B. Ketchum University, is a pediatric optometrist and clinician scientist with primary research interests related to clinical management strategies for amblyopia, strabismus, convergence insufficiency, and childhood refractive error. (aaopt.org)
Dr. Cotter has served in leadership positions for several large-scale NEI-funded studies - the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study (MEPEDS), the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Refractive Error (CLEERE), the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT), and the CITT-Attention & Reading Trial (CITT-ART). (aaopt.org)
For specific symptomatic vergence disorders, the prevalence was: 1.4% basic esophoria, 1.4% basic exophoria, 8.6% convergence insufficiency, 1.8% convergence excess, 0.8% fusional vergence dysfunctions and 0.8% divergence excess. (avehjournal.org)
3 Vergence disorders (binocular vision disorders 4 functionally classified descriptively by clinical signs as convergence insufficiency, convergence excess, divergence insufficiency, divergence excess, basic exophoria, basic esophoria and fusional vergence dysfunctions 5 ) have considerable impact on learning, social life and academic achievement in general 6 and thus can have significant negative effects on quality of life. (avehjournal.org)
9 Vergence disorders, such as convergence insufficiency, do become a significant clinical problem most especially when a patient reaches the teenage years. (avehjournal.org)
Other types of exotropia include divergence excess and convergence insufficiency. (eyehealthweb.com)
The most commonly diagnosed visual dysfunctions were subjective visual disturbances, convergence insufficiency (CI), visual field loss, and accommodative dysfunction (AD). (health.mil)
Convergence insufficiency is a relatively common eye condition that is typically diagnosed in childhood. (pinkvisionassociates.com)
A study of two large optometry clinics found that 17.6% of children who received vision exams had convergence insufficiency. (pinkvisionassociates.com)

We treat all functionally related vision problems including ocular tracking problems, convergence problems, strabismus and amblyopia. (vtcharlotte.com)
To compare visual performance between emmetropic and uncorrected moderately hyperopic preschool-age children without strabismus or amblyopia. (entokey.com)
The association between moderate hyperopia and the presence of ocular conditions such as amblyopia or strabismus has been documented previously for young children. (entokey.com)
The present analysis provides important new insights into associations between moderate uncorrected hyperopia and near visual function in the absence of amblyopia or strabismus. (entokey.com)
Patients may be referred for sensorimotor evaluation from within the practice, or from the medical community, for assessment of amblyopia , pre- and post-operative strabismus, and complaints relating to binocular function. (aao.org)
Children can also have strabismus and amblyopia. (newsofthenorth.net)

Benefiting from blended learning opportunities, you will learn about paediatric ophthalmology, strabismus (ocular misalignment), ocular motility disorders, and other eye and vision health issues and diseases. (ucl.ac.uk)

Strabismus is misalignment of the eyes, which causes deviation from the parallelism of normal gaze. (msdmanuals.com)

In comparison with certain ocular diseases also, binocular vision disorders are regularly diagnosed. (avehjournal.org)

These can be objectively measured by measuring the convergence response to accommodative stimuli (accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio [AC/A]) and the accommodative response to convergence stimuli (convergence accommodation to convergence ratio [CA/C]). Small imprecisions in this system can be compensated for by a cortical process called sensory fusion. (medscape.com)
Children with moderate to high amounts of uncorrected hyperopia may show differences in accommodative convergence-to-accommodation (AC/A) ratios. (entokey.com)
Abnormality of the accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio may cause certain types of strabismus . (medscape.com)

Abnormalities on examination include exophoria or exotropia at near, reduced fusional vergence amplitudes, and an increased near point of convergence. (medscape.com)
The near point of convergence (NPC) of the eyes can be investigated by placing a fixation object at 30 to 40 cm in the mid-plane of the patient s head. (academy.org.uk)
Patients with surgery success (postoperative orthotropes) were compared to those who had a residual exotropia of more than 10 prism diopters (PD) postoperatively in terms of the preoperative accommodative convergence-accommodation (AC/A) ratio, near point of convergence (NPC), distance stereopsis and near stereoacuity threshold. (ozhurnal.com)

Squint also known as strabismus, is a condition where eyes point in different directions. (precisioneyehospital.com)
Chavasse F. Worth's squint: or the binocular reflexes and the treatment of strabismus. (ozhurnal.com)

Heterophoria is defined as an ocular deviation kept in control by a fusional mechanism. (nih.gov)
Based on the age of onset of strabismus, it can be defined as infantile, when the deviation of eyes has been noticed at or before 6 months of age. (nih.gov)
Strabismus is defined as acquired if the deviation is noticed after 6 months of age, following a presumed normal ocular alignment. (nih.gov)
Further, the strabismus is called comitant if the angle of deviation remains the same in different positions of gaze. (nih.gov)
Several varieties of strabismus have been described, based on direction of deviation, specific conditions under which deviation occurs, and whether deviation is constant or intermittent. (msdmanuals.com)
Conclusions The 3D Strabismus Photo Analyzer is a simple and reliable tool for measuring ocular deviation. (bmj.com)
The magnitude of innervation is determined by the fixating eye, which means that the angle of deviation between eyes ( strabismus ) may vary depending on which eye is fixating. (medscape.com)
There are individual reports on the effect of some preoperative characteristics of visual functions (like convergence, angle of deviation, presence of fusion and type of binocular vision) on the success of exotropia surgery. (ozhurnal.com)

Appropriate convergence is necessary for clear binocular vision at near, and binocular foveation is essential for stereopsis. (medscape.com)

This lack of control in eye movement makes it difficult to keep normal ocular alignment, and can also cause symptoms of headaches, migraines, double-vision and poor depth-perception. (visionforlifeworks.com)

Strabismus - a disorder in which the two eyes don't line up in the same direction. (medlineplus.gov)
Strabismus, often referred to as "crossed eyes" or "lazy eye," is a common visual disorder affecting millions worldwide. (nih.gov)
Ocular motor dysfunction is a condition that often manifests in childhood, although adults may also have this disorder. (pinkvisionassociates.com)

This classification applies to strabismus rather than heterophoria, and therefore, when used in the context of heterophoria tends to imply that heterophoria is a form of latent strabismus. (academy.org.uk)
Current models of concomitant, intermittent strabismus, heterophoria, convergence and accommodation anomalies are either theoretically complex or incomplete. (reading.ac.uk)

This form of strabismus is preventable and can be treated easily with corrective prescription eyeglasses. (eyehealthweb.com)
But when there is a disruption and the muscles do not work together, some form of strabismus, including exotropia, may occur. (eyehealthweb.com)
It is a form of strabismus where an eye deviates outward. (diseasesdic.com)

Crossed eyes, also known as strabismus, refer to a condition in which both eyes do not look at the same place at the same time. (pinkvisionassociates.com)
A wandering eye is a type of eye condition known as strabismus or tropia, and it may be caused by damage to the retina or muscles that control the eye, stroke or brain injury, or an uncorrected refractive error like farsightedness. (theobaldfamilyeyecare.com)

This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of strabismus and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and treating patients with this condition. (nih.gov)

It can be due to refractive error, binocular fusion abnormalities, or neuromuscular anomalies of ocular movements. (nih.gov)
It is caused by either uncorrected hyperopic refractive error and/or a high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio. (retinalaser.com)

or other serious ocular defects and neurologic disease. (msdmanuals.com)

What Is Adult Strabismus? (medlineplus.gov)

Some patients may also have some latent strabismus and may need multiple follow-up visits to ensure proper compensation and resolution in symptoms. (reviewofoptometry.com)

Eso - This is a convergent strabismus in which the eyeball deviates nasally. (nih.gov)

Exotropia is sometimes called wall-eyed (however this is technically reserved for a rare form of bilateral strabismus called internuclear ophthalmoplegia). (diseasesdic.com)

The additional accommodative effort associated with uncorrected hyperopia and the resultant accommodative convergence places these children at an increased risk for esotropia, with the risk increasing with the magnitude of hyperopia. (entokey.com)
Outcomes of strabismus surgery for esotropia in children with Down syndrome compared with matched controls. (ouhsc.edu)
Exotropia (also known as wall-eye or divergent strabismus) differs from its opposite form, esotropia (eye turns in toward nose), in that exotropic eyes point outward or away from the nose. (eyehealthweb.com)
Consecutive: Occurs after strabismus corrective surgery (to correct esotropia). (eyehealthweb.com)

Additional structures in the midbrain and pons are involved in these pathways and coordinating convergence eye movements with versions. (medscape.com)
The supraoculomotor area in the midbrain, adjacent to the oculomotor nuclei, is the final common pathway for convergence eye movements prior to the oculomotor nucleus. (medscape.com)

The term infantile rather than congenital is preferred because the presence of true strabismus at birth is uncommon, and the term infantile permits inclusion of varieties that develop within the first 6 months of life. (msdmanuals.com)
Any history of congenital strabismus? (eyewiki.org)

Exotropia is a common type of strabismus that occurs when misaligned eyes deviate outward. (eyehealthweb.com)
Exotropia is a type of strabismus (eye misalignment), where one eye turns, or deviates, outward (away from the nose). (diseasesdic.com)
Strabismus can run in families, but just because your family member has exotropia doesn't mean you'll have it too. (diseasesdic.com)
All types of strabismus, including exotropia, are more common in people with handicaps, including Down Syndrome, cerebral palsy and craniofacial dysostosis. (diseasesdic.com)

Exo - This is a divergent strabismus in which the eyeball deviates temporally. (nih.gov)
Clinical characteristics of divergent concomitant strabismus]. (ozhurnal.com)

Symptoms may be particularly associated with close work and may include frontal headache, ocular fatigue, blurred vision, inertia of accommodation (see notes on Anomalies of Accommodation). (academy.org.uk)
Some symptoms of strabismus may include wandering eye (the eyes drift outward) and covering one eye when looking at a near object. (eye-trends.com)
These symptoms could indicate a problem with your visual skills, including convergence, pursuits, depth perception, and peripheral vision. (eyecenteroptometric.com)

Orthophoria is defined as the perfect ocular alignment, even when no stimulus for fusion is present. (nih.gov)
Aim To evaluate the efficacy of the three-dimensional (3D) Strabismus Photo Analyzer for estimating binocular alignment using photographs. (bmj.com)

Both types may be associated with convergence excess. (academy.org.uk)
Convergence excess ( CE) describes a decompensated esophoria at near with any esophoria for distance being of less amplitude and well compensated (Evans, 1997). (academy.org.uk)
In the high AC/A and low CA/C scenario, early presbyopes had mean DBI of 0.17 (95%CI 0.28-0.06), compared to DBI of -0.31 in convergence excess esotropes. (reading.ac.uk)

Causes include 3rd N anomalies, head trauma, Parinaud s syndrome (convergence paralysis + vertical gaze palsy). (academy.org.uk)

The conditions listed above can be ocular causes of headaches. (abhisheknethradhama.com)

Misalignment may indicate strabismus (cross- or wall-eyed), uncorrected optical error, or neurological (brain) disease. (vision-surgery.com)
Adult-onset strabismus is due to neurological causes or can result from childhood strabismus. (nih.gov)
however, it can be a symptom of an underlying ocular problem or a serious neurological problem. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
Both neurological tests and exploration of the anterior and posterior ocular segments showed results within normal limits. (dntb.gov.ua)

This process usually overtaxes already weak convergence amplitudes, which are a measure of a person's ability to focus both eyes simultaneously on a reading target. (abhisheknethradhama.com)

Strabismus can manifest in various forms and degrees and typically develops in childhood. (nih.gov)
The clinician should inquire about prior strabismus, a ''lazy" or amblyopic eye, patching as a child, childhood eye surgery, and any abnormal head positions. (eyewiki.org)

AC/A Ratio- accommodative convergence / accommodative (measured in prism diopters/diopters). (retinalaser.com)

The development of Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) began in the 1970s as Dr. Scott was attempting to identify an injectable substance that would weaken the extraocular eye muscles in patients with strabismus as an alternative to muscle surgery. (bvsalud.org)
Heterotropy of extraocular muscle pulleys causes incomitant strabismus. (ozhurnal.com)

The AOC consists of representatives of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, the American Association of Certified Orthoptists, the American Ophthalmological Society, the Canadian Orthoptic Society, and the Canadian Orthoptic Council. (aao.org)
Journal of the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 18 (6). (reading.ac.uk)
She is the President-elect of the American Academy of Optometry and serves on the Scientific Bureau of the World Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (WSPOS). (aaopt.org)

In some children with strabismus, their eyes may appear straight but have difficulty working as a team. (eye-trends.com)
Diplopia worse with distance is more typical of sixth nerve palsy because of difficulty with divergence at distance of the eyes while diplopia worse at near is more suggestive of medial rectus palsy because of the need for convergence of the eyes at near. (eyewiki.org)

The earliest description of this type is the Duane-White classification of divergence and convergence malfunction (Borisch, 1970). (academy.org.uk)

Binocular diplopia resolves with either eye being closed and indicates ocular misalignment as an underlying problem. (eyewiki.org)
Monocular diplopia is typically due to an ocular cause and will not be discussed further here. (eyewiki.org)
Purposeful prism can certainly be introduced into progressive lenses for presbyopic patients with diplopia, strabismus and other binocular vision conditions. (reviewofoptometry.com)

We suggest clinicians look carefully at details of accommodation and convergence changes induced by lenses, dissociation and prisms and use these to plan treatment in relation to the model. (reading.ac.uk)

Hyper - This is a vertical strabismus in which the eyeball deviates superiorly. (nih.gov)
Hypo - This is a vertical strabismus in which the eyeball deviates inferiorly. (nih.gov)

During this comprehensive assessment, your neuro-optometrist will evaluate your visual and ocular health, and test several key visual skills. (eyecenteroptometric.com)

Establishing disparity or blur bias, together with knowing whether convergence to target demand exceeds accommodation or vice versa explains clinical patterns more effectively than AC/A and CA/C ratios alone. (reading.ac.uk)
The mission of this SIG is to advance the ocular health of the public through community-based clinical research. (aaopt.org)

This visual examination must include an analysis of vergences, ocular motility, and the accommodative system to obtain an accurate diagnosis. (dntb.gov.ua)

Both of these terms describe eyes without any manifest strabismus. (nih.gov)

Strabismus may be infantile or acquired. (msdmanuals.com)

Strabismus occurs in about 3% of children. (msdmanuals.com)

Ocular diameter too small: it is called axial hyperopia, and it would correspond to physiological hyperopia in children due to small eye size, but as the globe develops, it grows and disappears. (newsofthenorth.net)
Children born prematurely or with a low birth weight carry a higher risk of developing strabismus. (diseasesdic.com)

Otherwise known as "eye-turn" or "crossed-eyes," strabismus is an ocular condition where one or both eyes do not focus on the same object at the same time and have trouble maintaining their correct position. (eye-trends.com)
Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes do not line up with one another. (visionforlifeworks.com)
Also known as crossed eyes, strabismus is a condition where the eyes cannot look at the same place together. (bettnervision.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms1

Diseases32

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care1

Geographicals1

Insufficiency35

Amblyopia6

Motility Disorders1

Misalignment of the eyes1

Disorders1

Accommodative convergence to accommodation3

Near point of co3

Squint2

Deviation8

Stereopsis1

Normal ocular alignment1

Disorder3

Heterophoria2

Form of strabismus3

Known as strabismus2

Treatment of strabismus1

Refractive error2

Neurologic disease1

Adult Strabismus1

Latent strabismus1

Convergent strabismus1

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia1

Esotropia4

Movements2

Congenital2

Exotropia4

Divergent2

Symptoms3

Alignment2

Excess3

Anomalies1

Headaches1

Neurological4

Amplitudes1

Childhood2

Ratio1

Extraocular2

Pediatric3

Difficulty2

19701

Diplopia3

Prisms1

Deviates2

Assessment1

Clinical2

Vergences1

Manifest1

Infantile1

Occurs1

Children2

Condition3