Stability microtubules. Medical search. Frequent questions

Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
They are formed by the polymerization of a dimer of two globular proteins, alpha and beta tubulin into protofilaments that can then associate laterally to form a hollow tube, the microtubule. (wikipedia.org)
Tubulin and microtubule-mediated processes, like cell locomotion, were seen by early microscopists, like Leeuwenhoek (1677). (wikipedia.org)
In eukaryotes, microtubules are long, hollow cylinders made up of polymerized α- and β-tubulin dimers. (wikipedia.org)
These α/β-tubulin dimers polymerize end-to-end into linear protofilaments that associate laterally to form a single microtubule, which can then be extended by the addition of more α/β-tubulin dimers. (wikipedia.org)
Assessing posttranslational modifications of tubulin which serve as markers of microtubule turnover I found that microtubule stability is increased in a single neurite already before axon formation and in the axon of morphologically polarized cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Alexa-488 labeled tubulin (green) and EB1-mCherry (red) were used to visualize microtubules in extract with or without 2 µM Strep-His- Xenopus γTuNA. (elifesciences.org)
Microtubules, which consists of tubulin proteins, change their stability and structures precisely to maintain the cellular functions. (or.jp)
Despite the importance of MSAs for medical applications and basic research, their molecular mechanisms of action on tubulin and microtubules remain elusive. (uzh.ch)
Because the M-loop establishes lateral tubulin contacts in microtubules, these findings explain how taxane-site MSAs promote microtubule assembly and stability. (uzh.ch)
Invited by Paul Conduit, Ivana Gasic will present and IJM seminar on the theme: Autoregulated control of tubulin mRNA stability Abstract : Microtubule cytoskeleton. (ijm.fr)

There are many proteins that bind to microtubules, including the motor proteins dynein and kinesin, microtubule-severing proteins like katanin, and other proteins important for regulating microtubule dynamics. (wikipedia.org)

In vitro assays for microtubule motor proteins such as dynein and kinesin are researched by fluorescently tagging a microtubule and fixing either the microtubule or motor proteins to a microscope slide, then visualizing the slide with video-enhanced microscopy to record the travel of the motor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
This allows the movement of the motor proteins along the microtubule or the microtubule moving across the motor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
In this research, by conjugating the peptide to proteins, we aim to encapsulate various proteins inside microtubules and analyze the effects on microtubules. (or.jp)
During development, maturation of nascent branches depends on stabilization of newly assembled or transported microtubules, which are thought to be regulated by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). (jefferson.edu)
Cell mitosis is an attractive target to effectively treat a variety of cancer forms, where microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) assist cells to maintain the stability of cell dynamics. (medicalxpress.com)
2004). Different spindle checkpoint proteins monitor microtubule attachment and tension at kinetochores in Drosophila cells . (up.pt)

Here, we show that MAP7, a less-well understood MAP that is localized to branch junctions, provides a key molecular mechanism to regulate microtubule stability during branch formation. (jefferson.edu)
Together, our study identifies a novel molecular mechanism mediated by MAP7 to regulate microtubule stability and strengthen branches at different stages of axonal branch morphogenesis. (jefferson.edu)

A mutant protein makes the microtubules too stable to perform their jobs, the researchers find. (rupress.org)
One of these mutations leads to production of faulty dynamin 2, a protein that is crucial for endocytosis but also latches onto microtubules. (rupress.org)
Dynamin 2 also clings to microtubules of the mitotic spindle, and the team next wants to determine whether the protein regulates microtubule dynamics during the cell cycle. (rupress.org)
Recently an actin-like protein has been found in the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which forms a microtubule-like structure called a nanotubule, involved in plasmid segregation. (wikipedia.org)
Interestingly, no changes in transcytosis of the glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, 5′-nucleotidase, were observed, suggesting that increased microtubule acetylation and stability differentially regulate internalization. (nebraska.edu)
In this work, the persistence of cortical microtubules against anti-microtubule treatment was thoroughly studied in the roots of several cesa mutants, namely thanatos , mre1 , any1 , prc1-1 and rsw1 , and the Cellulose Synthase Interacting 1 protein ( csi1) mutant pom2-4 . (biomedcentral.com)
I also studied microtubule dynamics in living neurons transfected with GFP-tagged EB3, a protein binding specifically to polymerizing microtubule plus ends. (uni-muenchen.de)
A microtubule-associated protein MAP1B binds to and regulates localization of a calcium-binding protein ALG-2. (addgene.org)
Here, we show that MAP7, a unique protein that interacts with both microtubules and the motor protein kinesin-1, plays a key role at branch junctions. (jefferson.edu)
The microtubule associated protein, tau, is involved in regulating microtubule stability and axonal transport. (usf.edu)
The therapeutic potential of microtubule-associated protein targets for cancer therapy is a largely unexplored research area due to a lack of target-specific agents. (medicalxpress.com)
The protein is associated with microtubules , and Chatterjee and colleagues silenced the gene via short interfering RNA (siRNA) a molecular biological mechanism to study genes, targeting the CKAP5 encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles for in vivo delivery. (medicalxpress.com)
One such protein is the cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5), widely expressed in a variety of cells to regulate the dynamics of microtubules in human cells. (medicalxpress.com)

Centrosomes nucleate the formation of the microtubule cytoskeleton in interphase cells and form the poles of the mitotic spindle during cell division. (elifesciences.org)

Using hippocampal neurons in culture as a model system for neuronal polarization I first addressed the dynamics of microtubules in early developmental stages of neurons. (uni-muenchen.de)

Overexpression of the RAPGEF2 mutant in Drosophila motor neurons reduces the stability of axonal microtubules and disrupts the distribution of mitochondria to distal axons and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapses. (en-journal.org)
MAP7 Prevents Axonal Branch Retraction by Creating a Stable Microtubule Boundary to Rescue Polymerization. (jefferson.edu)
Development and maintenance of axonal branches rely on microtubule stability, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. (jefferson.edu)
This unique binding property supports a novel mechanism mediated by MAP7 to cooperate with other MAPs and control microtubule stability during axonal branch development. (jefferson.edu)

The researchers also found that blocking normal dynamin 2 with RNAi had the same effect as the mutation, confirming that one of dynamin 2's functions is to promote microtubule turnover. (rupress.org)

Cortical microtubules regulate cell expansion by determining cellulose microfibril orientation in the root apex of Arabidopsis thaliana . (biomedcentral.com)
While the regulation of cell wall properties by cortical microtubules is well studied, the data on the influence of cell wall to cortical microtubule organization and stability remain scarce. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies on cellulose biosynthesis mutants revealed that cortical microtubules depend on Cellulose Synthase A (CESA) function and/or cell expansion. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, it has been reported that cortical microtubules in cellulose-deficient mutants are hypersensitive to oryzalin. (biomedcentral.com)
Cortical microtubules in all mutants showed statistically significant increased persistence against anti-microtubule drugs, compared to those of the wild-type. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, to examine if the enhanced stability of cortical microtubules was due to reduced cellulose biosynthesis or to suppression of cell expansion, treatments of wild-type roots with 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) and Congo red were performed. (biomedcentral.com)
After these treatments, cortical microtubules appeared more resistant to oryzalin, than in the control. (biomedcentral.com)
Various hypotheses may explain the increased cortical microtubule stability under decreased cell expansion such as the role of cell wall sensors and the presence of less dynamic cortical microtubules. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulatory role of cortical microtubules on cellulose microfibrils was initially postulated, and remains widely accepted, by the "alignment hypothesis" [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, cortical microtubules reside just under the plasma membrane, while cellulose microfibrils are synthesized by transmembrane CSCs [ 6 ], consisting of CESA subunits. (biomedcentral.com)
Even though the "alignment hypothesis" has been proposed decades ago, a mechanism explaining how cortical microtubules, located inside of the plasma membrane, control the orientation of cellulose microfibrils, outside of the protoplast, remained ambiguous. (biomedcentral.com)
The direct observation of CESA complexes sliding on the plasma membrane over the cortical microtubules [ 5 ] directly supported the model of Heath [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Apart from the role of cortical microtubules on cellulose microfibril orientation, several authors supported that CESA activity and cellulose synthesis also exert an effect on cortical microtubule orientation, suggesting thus that cortical microtubule-cellulose microfibril relationship is bi-directional. (biomedcentral.com)

The microtubules and actin filaments within the phragmoplast serve to guide vesicles with cell wall material to the growing cell plate. (sciforums.com)

This mechanism could also impact microtubule regulation in branch regeneration after nerve injury. (jefferson.edu)
A particularly interesting finding of the study revealed that the mechanism that repairs damaged DNA also controls microtubule stability. (sciencealert.com)
To understand the mechanism of the nickel (7440020) induced change in microtubules (MTs), the effect of nickel at 0.01 to 3.0 millimolar (mM) concentrations was investigated on the kinetic parameters of in-vitro MT polymerization. (cdc.gov)

In my studies, I addressed the role of microtubule dynamics in initial neuronal polarization. (uni-muenchen.de)
To this end I aimed to investigate the following issues: 1) How do microtubule dynamics and stability change during initial neuronal development? (uni-muenchen.de)
This polarized distribution of microtubule stability was confirmed by testing the resistance of neuronal microtubules to pharmacologically induced depolymerization. (uni-muenchen.de)
By manipulating specific regulators of neuronal polarity, SAD kinases and GSK-3beta, I analyzed a possible relation between a polarization of microtubule stability and neuronal polarity. (uni-muenchen.de)
These results suggested that SAD kinases and GSK-3beta regulate neuronal polarization -at least in part- by modulating microtubule dynamics. (uni-muenchen.de)
To establish a possible causal relation between microtubule dynamics and axon formation I assessed the effects of specific pharmacological alterations of microtubule dynamics on neuronal polarization. (uni-muenchen.de)
In summary, my data allow the following conclusions: 1) Microtubule stability correlates with the identity of a neuronal process. (uni-muenchen.de)
I therefore deduce that microtubules are actively involved in the process of axon formation and that local microtubule stabilization in one neuronal process is a physiological signal specifying neuronal polarization. (uni-muenchen.de)

But microtubules from cells that made the faulty version of dynamin 2 were abnormally stable, as measured by how many acetyl groups were attached to them. (rupress.org)
Previously, we determined microtubules were more highly acetylated and more stable in ethanol-treated WIF-B cells. (nebraska.edu)
In line with my previous observations I found that microtubules are stabilized along the shaft of the growing axons while dynamic microtubules enrich at the tip of the growing process, suggesting that a well- balanced shift of microtubule dynamics towards more stable microtubules is necessary to induce axon formation. (uni-muenchen.de)
This function is mediated by the ability of MAP7 to control microtubule stability, as microtubules are more stable at branch junctions where MAP7 is localized. (jefferson.edu)
Consistently, nascent branches depleted of MAP7 have decreased stable microtubules but increased dynamic microtubules. (jefferson.edu)
Moreover, MAP7 binds to the acetylated and stable region of individual microtubules and avoids the dynamic plus end, thereby creating a boundary that prevents microtubule depolymerization and rescues microtubule polymerization. (jefferson.edu)
Microtubules grow and shorten randomly in our cells, and this can be a problem for cancer patients who require stable microtubules to ensure cell cycle death. (sciencealert.com)

2) Do microtubules play an instructive role in axon formation? (uni-muenchen.de)
3) What are possible regulators mediating changes in microtubule dynamics during axon formation? (uni-muenchen.de)
The axon of polarized neurons and a single neurite in morphologically unpolarized cells showed increased microtubule stability. (uni-muenchen.de)
By uncaging a photoactivatable analog of taxol I induced a local stabilization of microtubules at the neurite tip of an unpolarized neuron which was sufficient to favor the site of axon formation. (uni-muenchen.de)
This indicates that a transient stabilization of microtubules is sufficient to trigger axon formation. (uni-muenchen.de)
2) Microtubule stabilization causes axon formation. (uni-muenchen.de)
3) Microtubule stabilization precedes axon formation. (uni-muenchen.de)
Inside axons are microtubules, which act like tracks for transporting molecular cargo along the axon. (cnsfoundation.org)
This observation still did not explain to researchers why microtubules, the stiffest part of the axon, were the parts that were breaking. (cnsfoundation.org)

Consequently, some microtubule processes can be determined by kymograph. (wikipedia.org)

Finally, increasing microtubule stability through pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) rescues defects in the intracellular distribution of mitochondria and BAX. (en-journal.org)

Here, we report that AQP5 promotes microtubule assembly and helps maintain the assembled microtubule steady state levels with slower turnover dynamics in cells . (plos.org)

In marked contrast, the formation of multiple axons, induced by the inhibition of GSK-3beta, was associated with increased microtubule stability in these supernumerary axons. (uni-muenchen.de)
Conversely, low doses of the microtubule stabilizing drug taxol led to the formation of multiple axons. (uni-muenchen.de)
Nonprimed and DYRK1A-primed GSK3 beta-phosphorylation sites on MAP1B regulate microtubule dynamics in growing axons. (addgene.org)
Microtubules are closely packed together inside axons, somewhat like a bundle of straws. (cnsfoundation.org)

We proposed that the ethanol-induced alterations in microtubule dynamics may explain the ethanol-induced defects in membrane trafficking that have been previously documented. (nebraska.edu)

Microtubules are nucleated and organized by microtubule-organizing centres, such as the centrosome found in the center of many animal cells or the basal bodies of cilia and flagella, or the spindle pole bodies found in most fungi. (wikipedia.org)

Patient fibroblasts display reduced microtubule stability and defective microtubule network morphology. (en-journal.org)
I found that a loss of polarity correlated with a loss of polarized microtubule stability in neurons defective for SAD A and SAD B kinases. (uni-muenchen.de)

There are two distinct types of interactions that can occur between the subunits of lateral protofilaments within the microtubule called the A-type and B-type lattices. (wikipedia.org)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that is frequently linked to microtubule abnormalities and mitochondrial trafficking defects. (en-journal.org)

Microtubules have a distinct polarity that is critical for their biological function. (wikipedia.org)
The protofilaments bundle parallel to one another with the same polarity, so, in a microtubule, there is one end, the (+) end, with only β-subunits exposed, while the other end, the (−) end, has only α-subunits exposed. (wikipedia.org)

These findings indicate that AQP5-mediated regulation of microtubule dynamics modulates airway epithelial barrier properties and epithelial function. (plos.org)
Our results provide novel insight into the mechanisms of minus-end dynamics, essential for our understanding of microtubule minus-end regulation in cells. (vanderbilt.edu)

According to these findings, it may be concluded that inhibition of cell expansion, irrespective of the cause, results in increased microtubule stability in A. thaliana root. (biomedcentral.com)

Recently, we have developed a peptide which binds to the inside of microtubules. (or.jp)
MAP7 also binds to the acetylated region of microtubules to prevent depolymerization and rescue polymerization. (jefferson.edu)

In vitro, both microtubule ends switch between phases of assembly and disassembly, a behavior called dynamic instability. (vanderbilt.edu)
Typically, microtubules are formed by the parallel association of thirteen protofilaments, although microtubules composed of fewer or more protofilaments have been observed in various species as well as in vitro. (wikipedia.org)

We propose that procentriole assembly requires PLK4 to phosphorylate STIL in two different regions: phosphorylation of residues in the STAN motif allow STIL to bind SAS6 and initiate cartwheel assembly, while phosphorylation of S428 promotes the binding of STIL to CPAP, linking the cartwheel to microtubules of the centriole wall. (elifesciences.org)
When he reversed the direction of the chemoattractant, he observed that the positions of the nucleus and centriole and orientation of microtubules also reversed rapidly. (rupress.org)

This unique binding property, which is not observed for other MAPs, can prevent branch retraction caused by laser-induced severing or nocodazole-induced microtubule depolymerization. (jefferson.edu)
Nickel also confers stability to MTs polymerized with 2.0mM nickel as evidenced by a partial resistance to the depolymerizing effect of calcium and a decrease in the rate of cold induced depolymerization. (cdc.gov)

The most common form of a microtubule consists of 13 protofilaments in the tubular arrangement. (wikipedia.org)

In contrast, overexpression of AQP5 increased assembly of microtubules, with evidence of increased MT stability, and promoted the formation of long straight microtubules in the apical domain of the epithelial cells. (plos.org)
We are particularly interested in brain vessel patterning, and the role of the cilia, a microtubule-based organelle that projects from the apical surface of an endothelial cell and is thought to be a flow sensor. (navbo.org)

In an effort to unravel the role of more genes in the human genome, researchers from the University of Cambridge in the UK explored the functions and processes of genes involved in three cellular processes - cell shape, microtubule organisation (the arrangement of tube-like structures that help cells divide), and cell-cycle progression (the various events that take place in a cell, leading to cell division). (sciencealert.com)
Adding colchicine, the microtubule inhibitor, had roughly the opposite effect-random migration was not impaired but the organization of internal structures broke down. (rupress.org)

Microtubules play an important role in a number of cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
Is consciousness to be found in quantum processes in microtubules? (sciforums.com)

We further determined that albumin secretion was impaired in both ethanol-treated and TSA-treated cells, indicating that increased microtubule acetylation and stability also disrupted this transport step. (nebraska.edu)
Depletion of JMJD5 sensitizes tumor cells to microtubule-destabilizing agents by altering microtubule stability. (addgene.org)
So began a study of neutrophil chemotaxis that became the first clear demonstration that microtubules oriented and organized the internal structure of migrating cells (Malech et al. (rupress.org)

2009). Dynein and Mast/Orbit/CLASP have antagonistic roles in regulating kinetochore-microtubule plus-end dynamics . (up.pt)

Dynamic organization of microtubule minus ends is vital for the formation and maintenance of acentrosomal microtubule arrays. (vanderbilt.edu)
I found that application of low doses of the microtubule destabilizing drug nocodazole selectively reduced the formation of future dendrites. (uni-muenchen.de)
However, because many known MAPs inhibit branch formation, it is not clear which MAP is responsible for regulating microtubule stability during branch development. (jefferson.edu)

HSET maintains its protective minus-end activity even when challenged by a known microtubule depolymerase, kinesin-13 MCAK. (vanderbilt.edu)

They further offer fundamental structural insights into the control mechanisms of microtubule dynamics. (uzh.ch)
Effects of nickel on microtubule assembly and the possible mechanisms of nickel -induced perturbation in microtubule organization. (cdc.gov)

In addition, cell expansion does not only rely on cortical microtubule orientation but also plays a regulatory role in microtubule dynamics, as well. (biomedcentral.com)

The study hit home the point that microtubules' role in migration is similar to how "a gyroscope keeps a moving vehicle on course," says Malech. (rupress.org)
Our interest is on the role of endothelial cilia on brain vascular stability. (navbo.org)

Our analysis, in combination with experimental observations, indicates that, although marginal band stability is highly sensitive to platelet diameter, this alone is not enough to explain the size of circulating platelets. (umich.edu)

Conclusion: These results indicate that altered microtubule dynamics explain in part alcohol-induced defects in membrane trafficking. (nebraska.edu)

Recently, it is estimated that the unknown particles bind to the inside of microtubules to stabilize microtubules. (or.jp)

The damage in traumatic brain injury occurs when the microtubules stretch but the tau doesn't, as they can't stretch as far," Shenoy said. (cnsfoundation.org)

Recent discoveries suggest that the marginal bands of microtubules found at the equator of platelets and platelet precursors undergo similar instabilities during platelet biogenesis and activation. (umich.edu)

Addition of γTuNA to Xenopus egg extract does not affect γTuRC assembly or stability. (elifesciences.org)

Overall, our data suggest that the RAPGEF2 variant identified in this study can drive ALS-related pathogenic effects through microtubule dysregulation. (en-journal.org)

Anatomy40

Organisms21

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs64

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes58

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science6

Health Care3

Tubulin11

Regulating microtubule dynamics1

Proteins6

Regulate microtubule stability2

Protein13

Cytoskeleton1

Dynamics of microtubules1

Axonal4

Promote microtubule1

Cortical microtubules13

Actin filaments1

Mechanism3

Neuronal8

Stable7

Axon9

Kymograph1

Pharmacological1

Turnover1

Axons4

Alterations1

Nucleated and organized1

Defective2

Lateral2

Polarity2

Regulation2

Inhibition1

Binds2

Vitro2

Centriole2

Depolymerization2

Tubular1

Apical2

Structures2

Processes2

Cells3

Antagonistic1

Formation3

Kinesin1

Mechanisms2

Orientation1

Role2

Observations1

Defects1

Bind1

Occurs1

Found1

Assembly1

Effects1