Total Disc ReplacementProstheses and ImplantsIntervertebral DiscSpinal FusionProsthesis ImplantationLumbar VertebraeDiskectomyArthroplasty, ReplacementIntervertebral Disc DegenerationIntervertebral Disc DisplacementSpineJoint ProsthesisRange of Motion, ArticularCervical VertebraeArthroplastySpondylosisWeight-BearingProsthesis DesignLow Back PainSpinal CordBiomechanical PhenomenaDental ImplantsLongitudinal LigamentsTreatment OutcomeSacrumZygapophyseal JointFailed Back Surgery SyndromeSpinal Cord InjuriesRadiculopathyDrug ImplantsCompressive StrengthReoperation