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HistonesHistone DeacetylasesHistone Deacetylase InhibitorsHistone AcetyltransferasesAcetylationHistone Deacetylase 1ChromatinHistone CodeHistone Deacetylase 2Histone DemethylasesHistone ChaperonesNucleosomesMethylationHydroxamic AcidsHistone-Lysine N-MethyltransferaseEpigenesis, GeneticChromatin Assembly and DisassemblyJumonji Domain-Containing Histone DemethylasesAcetyltransferasesTranscription, GeneticChromatin ImmunoprecipitationProtein Methyltransferasesp300-CBP Transcription FactorsRepressor ProteinsGene SilencingChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneNuclear ProteinsProtein BindingSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsHeterochromatinTranscription FactorsMolecular Sequence DataProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalDNA MethylationAmino Acid SequenceDNA-Binding ProteinsButyratesHeLa CellsGene Expression RegulationDNASaccharomyces cerevisiaeSin3 Histone Deacetylase and Corepressor ComplexProtamine KinaseCell LineEuchromatinMicrococcal NucleaseNucleosome Assembly Protein 1Protein Structure, TertiaryEnzyme InhibitorsValproic AcidBase SequenceMethyltransferasesCell Cycle ProteinsCell Line, TumorCell CycleMutationPhosphorylationGene Expression Regulation, FungalOxidoreductases, N-DemethylatingTranscriptional ActivationPolycomb Repressive Complex 2Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 4Binding SitesRNA, MessengerEpigenomicsCREB-Binding ProteinButyric AcidRNA Polymerase IIChickensSirtuinsDepsipeptidesCentromereSirtuin 2NucleoplasminsProtein-Arginine N-MethyltransferasesDNA ReplicationE1A-Associated p300 ProteinCells, CulturedBlotting, WesternPolycomb-Group ProteinsMitosisSea UrchinsProtaminesDNA DamageMolecular ChaperonesDrosophila ProteinsChromosomesRNA InterferenceChromatin Assembly Factor-1Substrate SpecificityTrans-ActivatorsElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelRibonucleoprotein, U7 Small NuclearModels, BiologicalCell DifferentiationUbiquitinationMultiprotein ComplexesAzacitidineGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalSequence Homology, Amino Acid
AcetylationHDACMethylationDeacetylasesNucleosomal histonesAcetyltransferaseModificationsGenesIncorporating histone variantsCore histoneInhibitorGroups from histoneAcetyltransferasesRole in transcriptional regulationEpigenetic histoneResiduesDeacetylationMethyltransferaseEnzymesHDACsNucleosomesTranscriptionMethyl groupsProteinProteins calledPromotersMethyltransferasesRegulation of gene exCatalyticMammalianEnzymeYeast cellsRegionsMutationsMRNADemethylasesChromosomeCellsGenomicReplication
Acetylation13
HDAC7
  • It was found that DJBP repressed a testosterone-dependent AR transactivation activity in monkey Cos1 cells by recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex, including HDAC1 and mSin3, and that DJ-1 partially restored its repressed activity by abrogating DJBP-HDAC complex. (nih.gov)
  • Panobinostat inhibits one or more of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, a mechanism leading to apoptosis of malignant cells via multiple pathways. (addiandcassi.com)
  • We report the use of a series of small molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in tissue culture models of NPC human fibroblasts. (addiandcassi.com)
  • The authors investigate an interaction between two pathways: enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • What they find is that - when both EZH2 and HDAC are inhibited simultaneously in cell culture and a mouse lymphoma model - a synergistic anti-cancer effect is observed for certain types of lymphomas, specifically the so called EZH2 dysregulated lymphomas. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • The application, filed in April 2016, is focused on using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and/or histone acetyltransferases (HAT) activators to treat heart failure in humans. (unc.edu)
  • Specifically, the invention relates to the method of increasing expression of Brg1, Brm, Cx40, Cx43, and or Scn5a mRNA and/or protein, or decreasing expression of c-Myc mRNA or protein using HDAC inhibitors and/or HAT activators. (unc.edu)
Methylation8
  • We examined both DNA methylation and various key histone modifications with regards to gene regulation following axonal injury. (nature.com)
  • While methylation involves the addition of a methyl group (CH3) to a nucleotide base - usually cytosine (C), but occasionally adenosine (A) - crotonylation clips an acetyl group onto proteins called histones that help keep strands of DNA neatly ordered. (sciencealert.com)
  • Dot1L mediated histone H3 lysine79 methylation is essential to meiosis progression in mouse oocytes. (nel.edu)
  • Wang X, Gao W, Ma X, Wang X, Song C, Huang X, Liu H. Dot1L mediated histone H3 lysine79 methylation is essential to meiosis progression in mouse oocytes. (nel.edu)
  • Specifically, we examined 16 high-resolution epigenomic profiles, including histone variants, DNA methylation, and histone modifications ( 5 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Methylation of mammalian DNA and histone residues are known to regulate transcription, and the discovery of demethylases that remove methylation in DNA and histones provide a basis for the understanding of dynamic regulation of mammalian gene expression. (cmbn.no)
  • Administration of VPA after myelination onset had no effect on myelin gene expression and was consistent with changes of nucleosomal histones from reversible deacetylation to more stable methylation and chromatin compaction. (rupress.org)
  • The results showed that prolonged estrogen deprivation and re-stimulation result in time-dependent epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications) across diverse genomic regions. (who.int)
Deacetylases4
  • Accumulating evidence in the past decade implicates histone-modifying enzymes, such as class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), in learning and memory and, recently, habit formation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of epigenetic enzymes that suppress gene transcription by removing acetyl groups from histone proteins ( Kouzarides, 2007 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cardiac growth, bone development, and specification of skeletal muscle fiber type. (jci.org)
  • Histone deacetylation was essential during a specific temporal window of development and was dependent on the enzymatic activity of histone deacetylases, whose expression was detected in the developing corpus callosum. (rupress.org)
Nucleosomal histones2
  • Much of the current understanding of these processes is derived from analyses of nucleosomal histones that represent the major histone species within cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • Together, these data identify global modifications of nucleosomal histones critical for timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the developing corpus callosum. (rupress.org)
Acetyltransferase3
  • This family also incorporates the p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase domain which has different catalytic properties and cofactor regulation to KAT11 (PMID:18568037). (embl.de)
  • Fungal Rtt109 histone acetyltransferase is an unexpected structural homolog ofmetazoan p300/CBP. (embl.de)
  • Rtt109, also known as KAT11, is a recently characterized fungal-specific histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that modifies histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56) to promotegenome stability. (embl.de)
Modifications9
  • Chromatin structure and function is influenced by histone posttranslational modifications. (rupress.org)
  • Post-translational modifications of lysine residues of histones can result in a series of functional changes. (nel.edu)
  • Ever since the original observation that histone H2AX mobilizes DNA repair factors into nuclear foci 1 , the inception of a "Histone Code" in orchestrating DNA damage signal transduction and repair processes has sparked immense interests to define histone modifications at DNA damage sites. (nature.com)
  • Cells utilize a growing collection of histone modifications to coordinate chromatin responses at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), one of the most cytotoxic forms of DNA lesions. (nature.com)
  • Histones are subject to a wide variety of post-translational modifications, which occur predominantly on the unstructured Nterminal tail. (almacgroup.com)
  • Understanding how these patterns of histone modifications can regulate fundamental biological processes is a key challenge, which is increasingly being pursued by pharmaceutical companies. (almacgroup.com)
  • Using our proprietary platform technologies for the chemical synthesis of proteins, we are able to provide full-length natural histones containing a wide variety of post-translational modifications at any specified site(s) within the protein. (almacgroup.com)
  • Overall, intestinal homeostasis is maintained by the differentiation and self-renewal of ISCs, which are regulated by different mechanisms, including epigenetic histone modifications. (helsinki.fi)
  • Recently new lysine modifications were detected in histones and other proteins. (cipsm.de)
Genes5
  • DNA is wrapped around histones, and, by transferring an acetyl group to the histones, genes can be turned on and off. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells can chemically modify their histones to control which genes are turned on or off. (mskcc.org)
  • Further, altering the interactions between KDMs and Polycomb Group genes (PcG) may provide novel avenues for therapy that specifically targets these genes in BC. (open.ac.uk)
  • Swr1 is required for the deposition of histone H2AZ at specific chromosome locations in vivo, and Swr1 and H2AZ commonly regulate a subset of yeast genes. (sdbonline.org)
  • We designed primer pairs based on available sequences of three genes - calmodulin, histone H3, and ß-tubulin - and tested their ability to differentiate the two Calonectria species. (usda.gov)
Incorporating histone variants1
  • These advances establish a third mechanism of chromatin reconfiguration, raising fundamental questions about the stability of nucleosomes in nonreplicative phases of the cell cycle and the cellular machinery responsible for incorporating histone variants into nucleosomes (Mizuguchi, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
Core histone2
  • RNF8 and RNF168 docking at DSBs follow a hierarchical sequence, and while the pair of E3 enzymes have been envisaged to, in concerted efforts, assemble DNA repair factors by ubiquitylating core histone proteins, the molecular basis that underlies their strict order of appearance at DSBs has remained elusive. (nature.com)
  • Much to anyone's surprise, linker histones, and not core histone proteins, were major bona fide targets of K63-linked ubiquitylation reactions! (nature.com)
Inhibitor2
  • This identified IOX1, a pan-histone demethylase inhibitor, which selectively downregulates α-globin expression without perturbing erythroid differentiation or general gene expression, more specifically β-like globin expression. (haematologica.org)
  • During the first 10 postnatal days, administration of valproic acid (VPA), the specific inhibitor for histone deacetylase activity, resulted in significant hypomyelination with delayed expression of late differentiation markers and retained expression of progenitor markers. (rupress.org)
Groups from histone1
  • Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) have been recently discovered in mammals and have been nicknamed "erasers" for their ability to remove methyl groups from histone substrates. (open.ac.uk)
Acetyltransferases3
Role in transcriptional regulation1
  • Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. (cancerindex.org)
Epigenetic histone1
  • Figure: ProBioGen's Transposase binds to specific epigenetic histone marks characteristics for highly active genome regions. (probiogen.de)
Residues2
  • They contain a bromodomain, which helps them recognize and bind to acetylated lysine residues on histone substrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • These HATs are generally characterized by the presence of a bromodomain, and they are found to acetylate lysine residues on histones H2B, H3, and H4. (wikipedia.org)
Deacetylation1
  • In Dot1L deficient, accompanying with BubR1 (MAD3/Bub1b) remains on the chromosome, the mouse oocytes was blocked in metaphase of meiosis I. The histone deacetylation was also incomplete in Dot1L-deficient mouse oocytes. (nel.edu)
Methyltransferase5
  • SET8 (also known as PR-Set7 and SETD8) is a histone methyltransferase that monomethylates histonfe H4-K20. (rupress.org)
  • Here, the distribution of Dot1L, methyltransferase of residue lys79 of histone H3 (H3K79) in mouse, and its effect on mouse oocytes meiosis were investigated to examine whether there are changes in the pattern of distribution and effect of Dot1L on mouse oocytes meiosis. (nel.edu)
  • The lab has discovered that the histone modifying enzymes, such as protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) (ref. 1, 2) and the F-box leucine repeat rich protein 11 (FBXL11) (ref. 2-4), a known histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) demethylase are novel regulators of NF-κB. (iu.edu)
  • Earlier studies in the host laboratory have shown that the histone methyltransferase Su(var)3-9 is essential in the nutrient-induced activation of intestinal stem cells. (helsinki.fi)
  • Confocal microscopy was used together with cell-type-specific fluorescent staining, to obtain the expression of the H3K9me3 specific histone methyltransferase Su(var)3-9, in the midgut. (helsinki.fi)
Enzymes3
  • These results suggest that the HDAC5 overexpression in DS contributes to inflexible decision-making, demonstrating a role of histone-modifying enzymes in complex cognitive function. (jneurosci.org)
  • To counteract constraints imposed by nucleosome structure, cells deploy two major classes of multiprotein enzymes, which covalently modify the nucleosome core histones or catalyze nucleosome mobility in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent fashion. (sdbonline.org)
  • Currently, these researchers are studying the role of these histone modifying enzymes in cancer. (iu.edu)
HDACs2
  • The acetyl groups added by type B HATs to the histones are removed by HDACs once they enter the nucleus and are incorporated into chromatin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we show that calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) signals specifically to HDAC4 by binding to a unique docking site that is absent in other class IIa HDACs. (jci.org)
Nucleosomes4
  • Type B HATs are located in the cytoplasm and are responsible for acetylating newly synthesized histones prior to their assembly into nucleosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nucleosomes impose a block to transcription that can be overcome in vivo by remodeling complexes such as SNF/SWI and histone modification complexes such as SAGA. (sdbonline.org)
  • Histone variant H2A.Z (Htz1 in yeast) replaces conventional H2A in many nucleosomes. (sdbonline.org)
  • How histone variants such as H2AZ are incorporated into nucleosomes has been obscure. (sdbonline.org)
Transcription3
  • The variant histone H2A.Z regulates gene transcription, and deletion of the gene encoding H2A.Z strongly increases the requirement for SNF/SWI and SAGA. (sdbonline.org)
  • These results describe a novel pathway for regulating transcription using variant histones to modulate chromatin structure (Santisteban, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
  • It has histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. (cancerindex.org)
Methyl groups1
Protein2
Proteins called1
  • In this research scientists focused on the underlying mechanisms that cause the vessels to leak, and the study evidence suggests that a group of proteins called histones, released by the parasite, may be involved. (gla.ac.uk)
Promoters2
  • Transient cotransfections of Drosophila cells with Sp1 and Sp3 expression vectors and with the histone H4, thymidine kinase (TK), or dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) promoters show that only the DHFR promoter, containing multiple functional GC boxes, displays Sp3 repression of Sp1 activation. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, the single G/C boxes within the histone H4 or TK promoters, which confer transcriptional activation via Sp1 binding, are not responsive to repression by Sp3. (nih.gov)
Methyltransferases2
  • My preliminary data indicate the histone methyltransferases Suv420h1 and Suv420h2 as pivotal players in metabolism regulation. (europa.eu)
  • Lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79) can be methylated specifically by the Dot1 family of histone lysine methyltransferases. (nel.edu)
Regulation of gene ex1
Catalytic1
  • This study has found that Swr1, a Swi2/Snf2-related adenosine triphosphatase, is the catalytic core of a multisubunit, histone-variant exchanger that efficiently replaces conventional histone H2A with histone H2AZ in nucleosome arrays. (sdbonline.org)
Mammalian1
  • Trichostatin A (TSA) is a Streptomyces metabolite, which specifically inhibits mammalian histone deacetylase at a nanomolar concentration and causes accumulation of highly acetylated histone molecules in mammalian cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Enzyme1
  • Specifically, SCFAs produced by the kinds of bacteria found in a healthy human colon promote crotonylation by preventing an enzyme called histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) from removing the markers. (sciencealert.com)
Yeast cells1
  • Indeed, it has been shown that a histone mutant H3 K56A causes yeast cells to display sensitivity to rapamycin, however, this mutation also sensitizes cells to a variety of DNA damaging agents, suggesting that the H3 K56A mutation has a broader role rather than a specific function towards rapamycin stress [22, 23]. (researchsquare.com)
Regions2
  • In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. (thermofisher.com)
  • Su(var)3-9 specifically trimethylates histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me3), which is a repressive histone mark, responsible for transcriptional silencing at heterochromatin regions. (helsinki.fi)
Mutations1
  • Mutations in the major core histones relieve transcriptional repression and bypass the requirement for SNF/SWI and SAGA. (sdbonline.org)
MRNA2
  • DJBP mRNA was found to be specifically expressed in the testis. (nih.gov)
  • It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. (thermofisher.com)
Demethylases1
  • Histone lysine demethylases in breast cancer. (open.ac.uk)
Chromosome1
  • Recent studies have revealed that variants of histone H2A and histone H3 play important roles not only in gene expression but also in the repair of DNA breaks and the assembly of chromosome centromeres. (sdbonline.org)
Cells5
  • Environmental toxins, UV radiation, diet, and metabolic disorders can affect the histones in cells (represented here by the multicolored sunbather in the beach chair). (mskcc.org)
  • Dr. David and Qingfei Zheng , a postdoctoral fellow in the David lab, suspected that histone glycation would be a particularly challenging problem for cancer cells. (mskcc.org)
  • So using MM-401 to block MLL1's normal activity in cells that had started down the path to adulthood meant that histone marks were missing before the cell needed them. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Crucially, some viral vectors (i.e., viruses specifically used to deliver genetic material into cells) have the potential to circumvent the blood-brain- (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barriers (BSCB) when intravenously injected. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we hypothesized that specific histone residue(s) might be involved in facilitating gene expression such that cells mount a response to rapamycin. (researchsquare.com)
Genomic1
  • The histone octamer acts as a spool for coiling genomic DNA and is involved in the growing field of epigenetics. (almacgroup.com)
Replication2