Specifically y chromosome. Medical search. Frequent questions

Genes of the Y chromosome is passed only from male parents to male offsprings over generations. (wikipedia.org)
The human Y chromosome carries 693 genes, with 107 of these being protein-coding, but some genes are repeated and that makes the number of exclusive protein-coding genes just 42, the numbers are given for telomere-to-telomere CHM13. (wikipedia.org)
All single-copy Y-linked genes are hemizygous (present on only one chromosome) except in cases of aneuploidy such as XYY syndrome or XXYY syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
The Y chromosomes of humans and other mammals also contain other genes needed for normal sperm production. (wikipedia.org)
Over time, genes that were beneficial for males and harmful to (or had no effect on) females either developed on the Y chromosome or were acquired through the process of translocation. (wikipedia.org)
The authors believed that duplication of the ATG2B and GSKIP genes specifically causes of the myeloid malignancies. (chromodisorder.org)
To attempt to pinpoint a particular TRF1-responsive gene from among the 12,000 known Drosophila genes, the researchers first launched an "aerial reconnaissance" of Drosophila chromosomes. (sciencedaily.com)
To find the TRF1-responsive genes, the scientists treated preparations of fly chromosomes with chemicals that formed bonds between TRF and the DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
Using the pieces of chromosomes as clues, they were able to work their way up to identifying whole genes. (sciencedaily.com)
Such three-dimensional organization of chromosomes into spatially distinct domains sheds light on how complex genomes might set specific transcriptional programs to regulate genes individually or as groups of genes. (biomedcentral.com)
In humans, the CRYAA gene encodes a 173 amino acid residue protein by single copy genes located on chromosome 21. (molvis.org)
Another region required the presence of LDN 5B chromosomes in the female for preferential fertilization by male gametes harboring LDN alleles indicating that the corresponding genes in the female gametes can govern genes affecting segregation distortion of male gametes. (usda.gov)
The newest addition could be useful in identifying and diagnosing the few known conditions related to genes in the Y chromosome. (nist.gov)
There are certainly aspects of fertility and some genetic disorders that are connected to genes in the Y chromosome," Zook said. (nist.gov)
Comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) was used to screen 76 vestibular schwannomas from 76 patients (66 sporadic and 10 NF2 related) to identify other chromosome regions that may harbour genes involved in the tumorigenesis. (bmj.com)
Optherion licensed from the University of Pittsburgh the worldwide rights to develop diagnostic products for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) associated with specific variations in genes on Chromosome 10. (genengnews.com)
In 2005, scientists at the University of Pittsburgh published research in the American Journal of Human Genetics showing a link between Chromosome 10, specifically the LOC387715 and HTRA1 genes, and AMD. (genengnews.com)
In this process, maternal and paternal versions of each chromosome pair up and swap sections of their DNA through a process known as homologous recombination-a "reshuffling" that gives rise to chromosomes with new combinations of maternal and paternal genes. (nyu.edu)
Chromosomes are strings of genes that contain the instructions for all the functions within a cell. (nbcnews.com)
They also inserted strings of DNA to serve as identifying markers, as well as codes for shuffling the genes in the chromosome like sections in a loose-leaf binder. (nbcnews.com)
Then the researchers used a technology called SCRaMbLE (Synthetic Chromosome Recombination and Modification by LoxP-mediated Evolution) to shuffle the genes in the synthetic chromosome. (nbcnews.com)
Genes Chromosomes Cancer. (umassmed.edu)

Using molecular markers, we evaluated segregation distortion and recombination frequency along chromosome 5B in wheat. (usda.gov)
Chromosomes recombine frequently in some segments of the genome, while recombination is less frequent in others. (sciencedaily.com)
Until chromosome recombination eventually occurs, these segments accumulate more and more bad mutations. (sciencedaily.com)
Recombination refers to the trading of DNA between chromosome pairs. (helix.com)
In essence, recombination moves DNA between chromosome pairs so that the chromosome you originally inherited from your biological mother now has some DNA in it from your biological father (and vice versa). (helix.com)
The concepts of chromosome segregation and recombination are absolutely critical to understanding how ancestry is passed down and traced among generations because your DNA sequence carries unique segments from many parts of the world. (helix.com)

With a 30% difference between humans and chimpanzees, the Y chromosome is one of the fastest-evolving parts of the human genome. (wikipedia.org)
The maintenance of a single centromere per chromosome is critical for establishing bipolar microtubule attachments to the mitotic spindle and achieving high-fidelity genome segregation 17 . (nature.com)
In order to trace the origins and migratory patterns that may have led to the genetic isolation and autosomal clustering in some of these communities we analyzed Y-chromosome STR and SNP sample data from 6327 individuals, in addition to whole genome autosomal sample data from 609 individuals, from Mount Lebanon and other surrounding communities. (nature.com)
19- 22 Yet none of these techniques is able to offer a high resolution screening of the whole genome for chromosome imbalances. (bmj.com)
This pioneer work highlighted how the fractal organization of chromosomes could favor their folding into individual domains and revealed topologically associating domains (TADs) and sub-TADs (reviewed by Tanay and Cavalli [ 2 ]), which represent a pervasive structural feature of the organization of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
More specifically, the team of Canadian researchers led by Dr. Philip Awadalla discovered the following: the segments of the human genome that don't recombine as often as others also tend to carry a significantly greater proportion of the more disease-enabling genetic mutations. (sciencedaily.com)
What was once the final frontier of the human genome - the Y chromosome - has just been mapped out in its entirety. (nist.gov)
Led by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), a team of researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and many other organizations used advanced sequencing technologies to read out the full DNA sequence of the Y chromosome - a region of the genome that typically drives male reproductive development. (nist.gov)
Chromosomes all contain sections of very repetitive DNA, but well over half of the Y chromosome is like that," said study co-author Justin Zook, who leads NIST's Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) consortium. (nist.gov)
While GIAB has not yet produced a benchmark for the Y chromosome specifically, the consortium has studied one genome extensively, accumulating the largest collection of Y chromosome data prior to the new study. (nist.gov)
T2T-Y, in combination with the group's previous reference genome, T2T-CHM13, represents the world's first complete genome for the half of the population with a Y chromosome. (nist.gov)
For example, growing evidence strongly suggests that transcription can interfere locally with genome duplication by DNA polymerases or with the SMC-driven 3D organization of chromosomes (Fig. 1). (ens-lyon.fr)
With few exceptions, we all have 46 chromosomes in our genome. (helix.com)
First, the traits tend to be highly polygenic: across the genome, many individual chromosome substitutions each had significant phenotypic effects and, within each of the chromosomes studied, multiple distinct loci were found. (nih.gov)
Clearly, a more informative technique was needed to accurately compare the entire chimp genome to that of humans-specifically, something that counteracted the problem of the algorithm breaking off the match in regions of low similarity. (icr.org)
Not counting the Y-chromosome, the results of my comparison showed variability between 66 and 76 percent similarity for the different chimp chromosomes, with an overall genome average of only 70 percent similarity to human chromosomes. (icr.org)

Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis are the leading cause of birth defects and developmental delays in humans ( H assold and H unt 2001 ). (biorxiv.org)
Specifically, the DNA-binding protein CdbA binds c-di-GMP, is essential for viability, and important for chromosome organization and segregation in Myxococcus xanthus. (uni-marburg.de)
In total, our data support that increased CdbS accumulation caused by either CdbA depletion or high temperature stress, by an unknown mechanism, results in chromosome segregation and organization defects, thereby causing cell division inhibition and cell death. (uni-marburg.de)
The wheat group 5 chromosomes (5A, 5B, and 5D) are known to possess factors that cause segregation distortion. (usda.gov)
To determine if the segregation distortion factors specifically functioned in the male or the female, we evaluated populations that allowed for competition only in male gametes or only in female gametes. (usda.gov)
In this study, we evaluated the segregation distortion of molecular markers in multiple reciprocal backcross populations derived from unique cytogenetic stocks involving the durum cultivar Langdon (LDN) and wild emmer accessions that allowed us to study the effects of chromosome 5B in isolation. (usda.gov)
This random selection is generally referred to as chromosome segregation . (helix.com)
Chromosome segregation in action. (helix.com)
After trading segments of DNA between the chromosomes, they will be separated through chromosome segregation. (helix.com)

In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the gene SRY, which triggers development of male gonads. (wikipedia.org)
In mammals, the Y chromosome contains a gene, SRY, which triggers embryonic development as a male. (wikipedia.org)
the second gene maps to chromosome 16, specifically 16p13 ( TSC2 ). (medscape.com)
The particular disease is caused by a missing gene on the X chromosome. (thenakedscientists.com)
The NF2 gene is a tumour suppressor on chromosome 22. (bmj.com)
In 1986, the NF2 gene was mapped to chromosome 22, and in 1993, two groups independently isolated the gene and named its encoding protein merlin or schwannomin. (bmj.com)
Double minute chromosomes (dmins) are a form of gene amplification presenting as small spherical paired chromatin bodies. (hindawi.com)
The current study attempts to demonstrate the existence of double minute chromosomes via FLT3 gene amplification in a patient diagnosed with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). (hindawi.com)
Double minute chromosomes (dmins) are cytogenetic indicators of extrachromosomal gene amplification which usually act as small spherical paired chromatin particles [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
More specifically, it is caused by mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene ( FGFR2 ), located on chromosome 10. (brighthub.com)
By this technique, the gene coding for restin (RSN) was assigned to chromosome region 12q24.31→q24.33, while localization of the α-2-macroglobulin receptor (A2MR) was refined to 12q13.1→q13.3. (karger.com)
Role of the tau gene region chromosome inversion in progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and related disorders. (umassmed.edu)
Specifically, increased ABCC3 mRNA and gene copy numbers were most prominent in HER2 amplified and/or HER2-enriched classified tumors. (lu.se)

Chromosome substitution strains (CSSs) enable statistically powerful studies based on testing engineered inbred strains that have single, unique, and nonoverlapping genetic differences, thereby providing measures of phenotypic effects that are attributable to individual chromosomes. (nih.gov)
Second, strong epistasis was found among the individual chromosomes. (nih.gov)
During mitosis, however, the chromatin condenses making individual chromosomes visible under an ordinary light microscope. (visionlearning.com)

All chromosomes normally appear as an amorphous blob under the microscope and only take on a well-defined shape during mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
It is entirely coincidental that the Y chromosome, during mitosis, has two very short branches which can look merged under the microscope and appear as the descender of a Y-shape. (wikipedia.org)
As each chromosome contains a single centromere, it remains unclear how acentric fragments derived from shattered chromosomes are inherited between daughter cells during mitosis 6 . (nature.com)
Here we tracked micronucleated chromosomes with live-cell imaging and show that acentric fragments cluster in close spatial proximity throughout mitosis for asymmetric inheritance by a single daughter cell. (nature.com)
Here we show that pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei spatially cluster throughout mitosis and identify the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex as an essential regulator of this process. (nature.com)
The highly-conserved SMC complex condensin drives the abrupt and complete reorganization of chromosomes that occurs in early mitosis. (ens-lyon.fr)
It is still unclear however whether or not such a localized accumulation of condensin at discrete loci has an impact on the condensin-driven reorganization of chromosomes in mitosis. (ens-lyon.fr)
The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell splits into two identical daughter nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)

Chromosome 4 of Drosophila melanogaster is an atypical autosome, exhibiting several features characteristic of the X chromosome. (the-scientist.com)
In the related fruitfly species Drosophila busckii , POF paints the whole X chromosome, exclusively in males. (the-scientist.com)
They then bathed the giant salivary chromosomes from Drosophila in the antibody. (sciencedaily.com)
We started the evolution experiment to investigate intralocus sexual conflict on the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster . (lu.se)

A number of scientific papers have been published indicating that LSD might cause structural changes in the chromosomes, genetic mutations, disturbances of embryonic development, and malignant degeneration of cells. (druglibrary.net)

Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. (nature.com)
Mitotic clustering facilitates the reassembly of acentric fragments into rearranged chromosomes lacking the extensive DNA copy-number losses that are characteristic of canonical chromothripsis. (nature.com)
In particular, we investigate: how the efficiency of RNA polymerase elongation can influence the distribution of the SMC complex condensin during mitotic chromosome condensation and, how the transcription by-product R-loop can interfere with chromosome integrity. (ens-lyon.fr)
R-loops have also recently been linked to the formation of Common Fragile Sites (CFS) on mitotic chromosomes. (ens-lyon.fr)
1985) described polytene chromosomes as giant chromosomes produced by changes in the mitotic cycle during the interphase stage. (scielo.br)

Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)
A . Schematic of the bouquet configuration of chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. The spatial arrangement of chromosomes with telomeres clustered and attached at the inner nuclear membrane is shown. (biorxiv.org)
The 4q subtelomere harboring the FSHD locus is specifically anchored with peripheral heterochromatin unlike most human telomeres. (umassmed.edu)
In 2009, Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak were jointly awarded a Nobel prize for their research into telomeres, which are found at the end of chromosomes, and their discovery of telomerase, the enzyme that maintains them. (animalresearch.info)
Blackburn and Szostak found that chromosomes without telomeres are protects them from degradation. (animalresearch.info)
Greider and Blackburn identified the enzyme that helps telomeres to protect the chromosomes - telomerase. (animalresearch.info)
These discoveries have led to a wealth of research into possible therapies that specifically target telomeres. (animalresearch.info)
In 2019, Månsson and colleagues published a paper specifically examining how mood and anxiety disorders affect telomeres . (inverse.com)
Telomeres are DNA fragments at the ends of chromosomes that protect genetic information during cell proliferation. (cdc.gov)
Protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) protein specifically binds the 3' overhang of the telomere and plays a key role in chromosomal end protection and telomere length regulation. (cdc.gov)

Using a technique called polytene chromosome staining, they created an antibody that specifically targeted and attached to TRF1. (sciencedaily.com)
Polytene chromosomes are structures found in highly specialized tissues in some animal and plant species, which are amplified through successive cycles of endoreduplication, finally producing several copies of each chromosome. (scielo.br)
In plants, polytene chromosomes have been observed in only a few species, and seemed to be restricted to ovary and immature seed tissues, e.g., in Phaseolus coccineus and P. vulgaris (Nagl, 1981), until relatively recently, when they were observed in the cells of the anther tapetum of Vigna unguiculata (Guerra and Carvalheira, 1994) and of some Phaseolus species (Carvalheira and Guerra, 1994). (scielo.br)

The X and Y chromosomes are thought to have evolved from a pair of identical chromosomes, termed autosomes, when an ancestral animal developed an allelic variation, a so-called "sex locus" - simply possessing this allele caused the organism to be male. (wikipedia.org)
Most cells in an organism contain two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from the mother and the other from the father. (nyu.edu)
To do so, they examined budding yeast--a model organism in cell biology because its chromosome replication and regulation are similar to that of humans. (nyu.edu)

Thus, distinct patterns of chromothripsis can be explained by the spatial clustering of pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei. (nature.com)
The ability to probe the spatial organization of chromosomes through the combination of chromosome conformation capture methods with high-throughput sequencing (3C-Hi-C) has revealed how chromosomes organize into active and inactive compartments (indicated 'A' and 'B' , respectively) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This protein has been found to be specifically involved in transcription initiation and elongation. (nih.gov)
report the molecular cloning of Painting of fourth (Pof), which encodes a protein that specifically paints chromosome 4 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:6273-6278). (the-scientist.com)
POF protein decorates chromosome 4 by spreading out from an initiation site in the proximal region of the chromosome. (the-scientist.com)
Specifically, the DNA-binding protein CdbA binds c-di-GMP, is essential for viabilit. (uni-marburg.de)
3.0: hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1 (HCLS1), Kelch domain-containing 6 (KLHDC6), sarcoglycan delta (SGCD), KIAA1706 protein (KIAA1706), RNA guanylyltransferase and 5′-phosphatase (RNGTT), chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), chromosome 9 open reading frame 52 (C9orf52), and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR). (molvis.org)
A novel 160-kDa intermediate filament associated protein, named restin (Reed-Sternberg intermediate filament associated protein), is specifically expressed in the malignant cells of Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large cell lym-phoma (Ki-1 lymphoma). (karger.com)

Importantly, eight tumours (10%) showed gain of copy number on chromosome 9q34. (bmj.com)

Males have one Y chromosome and one X chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Human gender is genetically determined by a pair of chromosomes that are, by convention, designated XX (for females) and XY (for males). (dgmweb.net)

In 2023 it was discovered Y chromosome can vary in size a lot: 45.2 million to 84.9 million. (wikipedia.org)

The stochastic inheritance of chromosome fragments by both newly formed daughter cells could in part contribute to the alternating DNA copy-number states that are characteristic of chromothripsis 2 . (nature.com)
However, most fragments derived from pulverized chromosomes are acentric and cannot directly bind to spindle microtubules 14 . (nature.com)
Despite the large chromosome fragments involved in the unbalanced translocation in this case, repeated standard G-band analysis could not reveal this rearrangement due to the similarity in the banding pattern of the chromosome fragments involved. (bmj.com)

of a small piece of chromosome 22, specifically at an area of the chromosome designated 22q11.2. (medlineplus.gov)
ClariTest ® Core can be used to screen singleton and egg donor/IVF pregnancies for the common trisomies, sex chromosome aneuploidies and 22q11.2 microdeletions. (bioreference.com)

Y is normally the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or absence of Y that determines the male or female sex of offspring produced in sexual reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
Although hybrids of these two species inherit three chromosomes from each parent, the majority of spores (the yeast equivalent of sperm) that these hybrids produce fail to develop into new yeast cells. (elifesciences.org)

The events of meiotic prophase follow a specialized round of DNA replication when the meiotic chromosome axis is formed. (biorxiv.org)
The endomitotic cycle (endomitosis) starts with a normal prophase (endoprophase), after which the chromosome contracts further (endometaphase), their sister chromatids separate from each other (endoanaphase) and decondense to assume the interphase nuclear structure, resulting in polyploid cells, with double the chromosome number (endopolyploidy) at the end of each cycle. (scielo.br)

Surprisingly, the nup2Δ ndj1Δ double mutant failed to segregate chromosomes, even though the meiotic program continued. (biorxiv.org)
In the endoreduplication cycle, the chromatid number is duplicated, but they do not segregate, and after various endoreduplication cycles, larger and thicker chromosomes are produced, called polytenics. (scielo.br)

The idea that the Y chromosome was named after its similarity in appearance to the letter "Y" is mistaken. (wikipedia.org)
3 This involved doing multiple experiments to find the optimal DNA sequence lengths, or "slices," to fully ascertain the average overall similarity for each chimp chromosome when compared to its alleged human counterpart. (icr.org)

However, even if a hybrid inherits the same number of chromosomes from each parent, if the chromosomes from the two parents have different structures, the hybrid may still be infertile. (elifesciences.org)

Unexpectedly, we recently reported a link between c-di-GMP and chromosome organization. (uni-marburg.de)
Chromosome Disorder Outreach is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. (chromodisorder.org)
The three-dimensional organization of chromosomes into TADs corresponds with epigenetically defined domains that are marked by specific histone modifications [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These studies implicate a potential mechanism suppressing the loss of genetic material after chromosome pulverization, although how distinct patterns of rearrangements arise in cancer and germline disorders remains unclear. (nature.com)
At least three distinct meiotic drive alleles, one on each S. kambucha chromosome, independently contribute to hybrid infertility by causing nonrandom spore death. (elifesciences.org)

In placental mammals, dosage compensation occurs by silencing one X-chromosome in female cells, a process known as X-chromosome inactivation. (ca.gov)

These results indicate the existence of different distorter/meiotic drive elements among different genotypes and show that distortion factors along wheat chromosome 5B differ in chromosomal location as well as underlying mechanisms. (usda.gov)

We specifically found a large negative effect on male reproductive fitness when carrying the FM, which made us curious to investigate if we could find signs of compensatory selection on the autosomes, to counter this decrease in male fitness. (lu.se)
To do so, we swapped the sex chromosomes and autosomes between the selection regime and the wildtype control, and between the FM balancer control and the wildtype control. (lu.se)
The aim of this experiment was to disentangle the effects of the evolved autosomes and the evolved X chromosome, for example if changes on the autosomes tended to cancel out changes on the evolved X. We have already measured a few key phenotypic traits and are now specifically interested in detecting changes in expression data using RNAseq. (lu.se)

Standard chromosome analysis by G-banding has a limited resolution, but molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as multi-subtelomeric FISH, microdeletion FISH, multicolour FISH and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), have played an important role for the diagnosis of MR during the past decade. (bmj.com)

Unlike female mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which possess two active X chromosomes and undergo XCI upon induction of differentiation, female human ESCs exhibit various epigenetic states of the X chromosome, indicating a surprising epigenetic instability of these cells under normal culturing conditions. (ca.gov)
Together, our findings reveal new insights into the relationship between different X chromosome states in undifferentiated female human ESCs, clarify how they arise during ESC derivation, and define the implications of these X chromosome status for differentiated cells. (ca.gov)
Therefore, it is important to systematically define the epigenetic abnormalities that hESCs and hiPSCs carry, to understand how and when the epigenetic instability of the X chromosome arises during the derivation of these cells, to define the consequences if the different X chromosome states for differentiation, and to find ways to overcome the epigenetic instability. (ca.gov)
Moreover, we have developed a strategy that erases the instability of the inactive X chromosome and enables faithful X chromosome dosage compensation in differentiating hESCs and hiPSCs, which is critical for the use of these cells in regenerative medicine, disease studies, and basic research. (ca.gov)
But cells used in that work did not contain the most puzzling of all, the Y chromosome. (nist.gov)
22) * After my arrival in the United States, I participated in a major study concentrating on structural changes of the chromosomes in the white blood cells following LSD administration. (druglibrary.net)
The first group includes papers describing structural changes of the chromosomes produced by LSD in vitro , ** in these experiments various concentrations of LSD are added to cultures of cells from human, animal, or plant tissues in a test-tube. (druglibrary.net)
The cells were then harvested, made into specifically stained cytological preparations and examined with phase contrast microscopy. (druglibrary.net)
FLT3 (FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3) located on chromosome 13q12.2 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that activates the Ras and PI3 kinase pathway leading to the increased proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis in hemopoietic progenitor cells [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Human cells typically contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. (nbcnews.com)
They were relieved to find that the yeast cells with the synthetic chromosome, called SynIII, generally functioned as well as cells with the natural chromosome. (nbcnews.com)
Mules are infertile because they inherit 32 chromosomes from their horse parent, but only 31 chromosomes from their donkey parent-and so have an odd chromosome that they cannot pair-off when they make sperm or egg cells. (elifesciences.org)
In Cell Division I: The Cell Cycle , we learned that Flemming observed how chromosomes became visible in patterns that repeated each time the cells of fire salamanders divided. (visionlearning.com)
These are short sequences of DNA that cap the end of chromosomes and protect cells. (inverse.com)

Scientists say they've built a yeast chromosome from the bottom up for the first time - a feat that could open the way for custom-made biofactories. (nbcnews.com)
Scientists had noticed that all of our chromosomes have similar sequences of DNA at their ends. (animalresearch.info)

The researchers pitted their complete Y chromosome sequence, named T2T-Y, against the most widely used reference genome's Y chromosome parts, which are riddled with stretches of absent code. (nist.gov)
The pins and white diamonds on this illustration show where changes were made in the native sequence of yeast chromosome III to produce a custom-designed synthetic chromosome. (nbcnews.com)

The DNA in the human Y chromosome is composed of about 62 million base pairs, making it similar in size to chromosome 19. (wikipedia.org)
Because of fake gaps inserted in GRCh38 it may be not obvious that CHM13 added 30 million base pairs into the Y chromosome, which is almost half of it that was unknown before 2022 (and was present in many Genbank samples by mistake unknown that it was Y chromosome base pairs). (wikipedia.org)
Stevens proposed that chromosomes always existed in pairs and that the smaller chromosome (now labelled "Y") was the pair of the X chromosome discovered in 1890 by Hermann Henking. (wikipedia.org)
More specifically, we have 23 pairs of chromosomes. (helix.com)
Each of these pairs carries unique genetic information on it, and you have two copies of all 23 chromosomes (one from each of your biological parents) with the only exception being your sex chromosomes . (helix.com)
The researchers started out with 316,617 base pairs in the natural chromosome, and slimmed the code down to 272,871 base pairs. (nbcnews.com)

We may be able to guide you to other projects to join whose goals are specifically tailored to your individual haplogroup / geographical heritage. (familytreedna.com)

If you think of chromosomes as each representing a chapter in a book, you have two copies of all 23 chapters in your book (23 written by one parent, and 23 written by the other). (helix.com)
This is significant as an example of synthetic genomes aimed well beyond making mere copies of chromosomes," Harvard geneticist George Church, who was not involved in the project, told NBC News. (nbcnews.com)

Missouri state Sen. Ed Emery told KMIZ-TV that the bill defines a person's gender based on "chromosomes, anatomy and birth certificate. (newschannel5.com)

Chromosomes are made of a material called chromatin, which is dispersed throughout the cell nucleus during interphase. (visionlearning.com)

More specifically, our experiments indicate that the backtracking of RNA polymerases that occurs naturally at termination sites can drive the accumulation of condensin ( Fig. 2 ). (ens-lyon.fr)

Most therian mammals have only one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. (wikipedia.org)
The chromosome with this allele became the Y chromosome, while the other member of the pair became the X chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. (umassmed.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)

It includes a small number of papers dealing with the detailed mechanism of the action of LSD on the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the most important constituent of the chromosomes. (druglibrary.net)
Without this restraining mechanism, chromosomes can end up irreversibly broken during meiosis. (nyu.edu)

In the early 1920s Theophilus Painter determined that X and Y chromosomes determined sex in humans (and other mammals). (wikipedia.org)
Through a series of manipulations, in which the researchers inhibited the activity of individual proteins, they found two enzymes that were necessary for meiosis: Mec1, which is similar to ATR, known to suppress tumors in humans, and DDK, which is a vital coordinator of chromosome reshuffling. (nyu.edu)
While humans have 46 chromosomes and dogs have 78, one kind of ant has only 2 chromosomes and a type of protozoan has nearly 16,000! (visionlearning.com)

Loci of interests in the X-chromosome (DXS9895, GATA172D05 and DXS9898) were amplified in a single PCR with primers of published sequences (1-3). (astm.org)

Specifically, individual chromosome substitutions often conferred surprisingly large effects (often a substantial fraction of the entire phenotypic difference between the parental strains), with the result that the sum of these individual effects often dramatically exceeded the difference between the parental strains. (nih.gov)
However, it became clear almost from the start of the evolution experiment that the FM did not function completely like a normal X chromosome, due in part to the phenotypic markers it carries. (lu.se)

Familial myeloid malignancy syndrome associated with the duplication of chromosome 14q32. (chromodisorder.org)

Therefore, it is important to understand how and when aberrancies such as the epigenetic instability of the X chromosome arise, and to define their consequences for differentiation processes and the differentiated progeny. (ca.gov)
Moreover, we have started to assess strategies that would prevent the instability of the inactive X chromosome and allow normal dosage compensation upon differentiation of hESCs. (ca.gov)
However, female hESCs and hiPSCs exhibit an epigenetic instability of the X chromosome. (ca.gov)
Extreme chromosome 17 copy number instability is a prognostic factor in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: A retrospective cohort study. (umassmed.edu)

In this way, Mec1 acts like a traffic cop that allows chromosome replication to finish without interruption, before giving DDK the ok to begin the reshuffling. (nyu.edu)

POF complexes may function like the Male Lethal Specific proteins, which regulate dosage-compensation of the X chromosome. (the-scientist.com)

We were able to enforce matrilineal inheritance by using an X chromosome balancer (FM), which has multiple inversions so it cannot recombine with the selected X but should still function as a normal X chromosome. (lu.se)

3- 16 However, these probes only reveal chromosome rearrangements located in the subtelomeric region. (bmj.com)

We found that only about forty or fifty bands on the fly chromosomes lit up," said Tjian. (sciencedaily.com)
Specifically, they found that Mec1 senses when chromosomes are being replicated and transmits a molecular "wait" signal to DDK. (nyu.edu)
By digitally slicing entire chimp chromosomes into small pieces, I found that the algorithm could effectively compare chimp and human DNA piece-by-piece. (icr.org)
later, the breakage rate was found to be specifically increased by the addition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cross-linkers, such as diepoxybutane (DEB) or mitomycin C (MMC). (medscape.com)

Each of family members with the myeloid neoplasm also had inherited 14q32 duplication - or a duplication of a region within the long arm of chromosome 14. (chromodisorder.org)

Since this epigenetic variation could have implications for the use of female human ESCs in regenerative medicine, disease studies, and basic research, in this proposal, we are aiming to determine how the epigenetic variability of the X chromosome arises during derivation and maintenance of human ESCs, the causes and consequences of deregulation of XCI in human ESCs, and to devise methods of stabilizing Xist expression in human ESCs. (ca.gov)
During the first funding period, we have extensively characterized the epigenetic state of the X chromosome in many established and newly derived human ESC lines as well as in human blastocysts. (ca.gov)
To this end, our goal is to understand how the inactive X chromosome is regulated in human pre-implantation embryos, during derivation of hESCs from blastocysts, and during their maintenance. (ca.gov)
He's even looking into creating entirely new yeast chromosomes that incorporate human genetic code for medical screening purposes. (nbcnews.com)

DAPI ready made solution For Nuclear counterstain in immunoflourecence microscopy, High Content Screening (HCS), Chromosome staining and flow cytometry (FACS). (sigmaaldrich.com)

Chromosome specific micro-arrays have however been used in a few cases to determine the critical regions in microdeletion disorders. (bmj.com)

Chromosomes from the mother and the father recombine to create the chromosomes of their child (chromosomes are the larger building blocks of genomes). (sciencedaily.com)

She realized that the previous idea of Clarence Erwin McClung, that the X chromosome determines sex, was wrong and that sex determination is, in fact, due to the presence or absence of the Y chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
As a surname project, this is primarily a Y-DNA Project, as the Y-Chromosome determines family grouping. (familytreedna.com)

Donate now to increase awareness and research into chromosome disorders. (chromodisorder.org)
Physicians, genetic counselors, therapists and other healthcare professionals, register now to help us learn more about rare chromosome disorders: the associated symptoms, new research and evolving treatments. (chromodisorder.org)
Help us in our efforts to raise awareness of rare chromosome disorders by visiting our online store. (chromodisorder.org)
The results of a study published in Nature demonstrate that this advance improves DNA sequencing accuracy for the chromosome, which could help identify certain genetic disorders and potentially uncover the genetic roots of others. (nist.gov)

Two new studies show how epigenetic data, including DNA methylation, can accurately predict chromosome folding in three dimensions. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy63

Organisms15

Diseases31

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes157

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Humanities3

Information Science5

Named Groups3

Health Care3

Geographicals7

Genes22

Recombination6

Genome16

Segregation9

Gene13

Individual chromosomes3

Mitosis8

Drosophila4

Embryonic development1

Mitotic5

Telomeres10

Polytene3

Organism3

Spatial2

Protein6

9q341

Males2

20231

Fragments3

22q11.22

Species2

Prophase2

Segregate2

Similarity2

Structures1

Organization3

Distinct2

Inactivation1

Meiotic1

Autosomes3

Cytogenetic1

Cells14

Scientists2

Sequence2

Pairs6

Haplogroup1

Copies2

Person's1

Chromatin1

Occurs1

Pair6

Mechanism2

Humans3

Loci1

Phenotypic2

Malignancy1

Instability4

Replication1

Dosage compensation1

Inheritance1

Reveal1

Found4

Region1

Human4

Nuclear1

Regions1

Genomes1

Determines2

Disorders4

Epigenetic1