Simian immunodeficiency virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) belongs to the family Retroviridae (subfamily Lentivirinae) and is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2), the etiologic agents of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. (hivedmonton.com)
The need for the study of microbiological expertise can be applied in biocrimes linked to the transmission of microorganisms intentionally, such as the intentional transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a pathogen that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). (scielo.sa.cr)
If HIV is not properly treated, it can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (uspharmacist.com)
lt;p>The purpose of this Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) is to provide continuing support for specific pathogen-free (SPF) macaque colonies previously funded under the auspices of PAR-21-089 and PAR-18-669 that support Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) research. (cdc.gov)

Extensive studies in sooty mangabeys have established that SIVsmm infection does not cause any disease in these primates, despite high levels of circulating virus. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike HIV-1, infection with either M-tropic or T-tropic strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) can be mediated by CCR5, but not CXCR4. (nih.gov)
Interaction between gp120 and ITGA4/ITGB7 would allow the virus to enter GALT early in the infection, infecting and killing most of GALT's resting CD4+ T-cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
Virus transmission to permissive T-cells occurs either in trans (without DCs infection, through viral capture and transmission), or in cis (following DCs productive infection, through the usual CD4-gp120 interaction), thereby inducing a robust infection. (antikoerper-online.de)
Recent HIV infection or divergent HIV or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains may be responsible for Western blot-indeterminate results on 70 serum samples from Zairian hospital employees that were reactive in an enzyme immunoassay. (cdc.gov)
Human Non-neutralizing HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies Limit the Number of Founder Viruses during SHIV Mucosal Infection in Rhesus Macaques. (duke.edu)
Impact of simian immunodeficiency virus infection on chimpanzee population dynamics. (duke.edu)
Infection of monkeys by simian-human immunodeficiency viruses with transmitted/founder clade C HIV-1 envelopes. (duke.edu)
African green monkeys (AGM) and other natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) do not develop an AIDS-like disease following SIV infection. (duke.edu)
UNLABELLED: Broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (bNabs) represent powerful tools to combat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. (duke.edu)
Clinical and laboratory markers of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection were studied during the first 3 months after intravenous inoculation of rhesus macaques. (duke.edu)
Utilizing an infant rhesus macaque model, we have previously shown that this attenuated M. Tuberculosis (AMtb)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine is immunogenic, and although the vaccine did not prevent oral SIV infection, a subset of vaccinated animals was able to partially control virus replication. (elsevierpure.com)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection" by Anna Maria Gorska, Maribel Donoso et al. (touro.edu)
To determine the contribution of Panx-1 channels to the pathogenesis of NeuroHIV, we used a well-established model of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in macaques (Macaca mulatta) in the presence of and absence of a Panx-1 blocker to later examine the synaptic/axonal compromise induced for the virus. (touro.edu)
Blocking Panx-1 channels after SIV infection prevented the synaptic and axonal compromise induced by the virus, especially by maintaining the more complex synapses. (touro.edu)
Methods: The present study used a model of chronic intragastric alcohol administration initiated 3 months before intravenous simian immunodeficiency (SIV) inoculation and continued thereafter throughout the course of SIV infection, to investigate the impact of chronic alcohol binge-like consumption during the initial 10-month asymptomatic phase of SIV infection in nonhuman primate rhesus macaques. (psu.edu)
Therefore, an early and generalized default in IgA production takes place during the acute of phase of HIV/SIV infection, which might impair not only the virus-specific antibody response but also IgA responses to other pathogens and vaccines as well. (biomedcentral.com)
Understanding the mechanisms that impair IgA production during acute HIV/SIV infection is crucial to improve virus-specific response in mucosa and control microbial translocation. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) commonly results in neurologic disease called the AIDS dementia complex. (ox.ac.uk)
The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaque is an excellent animal model for HIV infection, but neuronal loss has not been demonstrated. (ox.ac.uk)
Myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) are depleted from the circulation and their loss inversely correlates with plasma viral load in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection indicating a possible role of this phenomenon in disease pathogenesis. (aai.org)
To address this question we studied mDC dynamics in acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques. (aai.org)
The odds are it happened many more times in human history, but remained a local infection because of various properties of the infecting virus (like the Gag and Vpu hurdles highlighted in this paper) and properties of human interactions (as population numbers go up, diseases go up, increase in local and global travel, etc). (scienceblogs.com)
Because the virus is replicating rapidly, HIV is highly infectious during this stage of infection. (hivedmonton.com)
Several studies have demonstrated that PrEP, in the form of a daily anti-HIV pill , can reduce the risk of infection in people at high risk for the virus. (medpagetoday.com)
GRFT can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at picomolar concentrations, surpassing the ability of most anti-HIV agents. (mdpi.com)
Several characteristics of the female genital tract make it suitable for inoculation, establishment of infection, and systemic spread of the virus, which causes local changes that may favor the development of infections by other pathogens, often called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). (hindawi.com)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)
Monkey bites, usually restricted in the US to animal laboratory workers, carry a small risk of herpes simian B virus ( Herpesvirus simiae ) infection, which causes vesicular skin lesions at the inoculation site and can progress to encephalitis, which is often fatal. (msdmanuals.com)

SIV was isolated in 1985 from some of these animals, captive rhesus macaques suffering from simian AIDS (SAIDS). (wikipedia.org)
Our laboratory recently isolated a neuropathogenic viral swarm, SIVsmH804E, a derivative of SIVsmE543-3, which was the result of sequential intravenous passages of viruses isolated from the brains of rhesus macaques with SIV encephalitis. (eurekamag.com)
Acute damage to the CD4+ T cell and CD20+ B cell populations rendered some animals incapable of mounting virus-specific antibody responses and these macaques became the rapidly progressing cases comprising approximately 20-30% of infected animal cohorts. (duke.edu)
Both Andrews and Garcia-Lerma reported on the effect of the drug in preventing macaques from acquiring SHIV -- a constructed amalgam of HIV and the simian immunodeficiency virus, or SIV. (medpagetoday.com)
Experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques. (harvard.edu)
Pedigree SPF macaques are free of certain viruses, which may confound the results of HIV/AIDS-related investigations or present a risk to the personnel who care for the animals. (cdc.gov)
The SPF macaques are genetically characterized for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I types, because MHC class I genotypes have large effects on macaque immune responses to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) that can induce AIDS in nonhuman primates (NHPs) and on human immune responses to HIV. (cdc.gov)

Further studies indicated that HIV-2 is derived from the SIVsmm strain found in sooty mangabeys, whereas HIV-1, the predominant virus found in humans, is derived from SIV strains infecting chimpanzees (SIVcpz). (wikipedia.org)
Neutralization properties of simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting chimpanzees and gorillas. (duke.edu)

Virus strains from three of these primate species, SIVsmm in sooty mangabeys, SIVgor in gorillas and SIVcpz in chimpanzees, are believed to have crossed the species barrier into humans, resulting in HIV-2 and HIV-1 respectively, the two HIV viruses. (wikipedia.org)
While human immunodeficiency virus has a limited number of subtypes, SIV is now known to infect a few dozen species of non-human primates, and distinct strains are often associated with each species, or with a set of closely related species. (wikipedia.org)
HIV-2 was more similar to the then-known SIV strains than to HIV-1, suggesting for the first time the simian origin of HIV. (wikipedia.org)
Because LTR splicing seems to be a conserved feature among the strains we have characterized, these results suggest that this phenomenon could have important consequences for virus replication, pathogenicity, and latency. (ird.fr)

Nonhuman primate-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) models are powerful tools for studying the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the brain. (eurekamag.com)
Evaluation of -2 RANTES vaginal microbicide formulations in a nonhuman primate simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge model. (bvsalud.org)

The simian (monkey-hosted) immunodeficiency viruses are a species of retrovirus in the Primate group of genus Lentivirus along with the human viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2 that cause AIDS, and a few other viruses that infect other primates. (wikipedia.org)
Immunodeficiency resembling human AIDS was reported in captive monkeys in the United States beginning in 1983. (wikipedia.org)
The first clue to the emergence of HIV-2 came in 1986 when a morphologically similar but previously distinct virus was found to cause AIDS in patients in West Africa ( 4 ). (scielo.sa.cr)

The genus is one of 6 genera in subfamily orthoretrovirinae which together with genus Spumavirus form family retroviridae of all RNA retroviruses (RNA viruses which use a DNA intermediate). (wikipedia.org)
Although SIV sequences were not identified in either case, the findings suggest that humans are probably exposed to different simian retroviruses that can establish new infections in humans ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Immunodeficiency disorders and retroviruses / edited by Kalman Perk. (who.int)

Multi-scale simulation of the simian immunodeficiency virus fusion peptide. (ox.ac.uk)

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a species of retrovirus that cause persistent infections in at least 45 species of non-human primates. (wikipedia.org)
SIV isolates are clearly distinct from Type D primate retrovirus (i.e., simian retrovirus 1)that also causes a form of chronic wasting immunodeficiency disease in several primate species (ll). (cdc.gov)

Also, SIV is distinct from simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLY-I) which shares extensive genomic sequences with human T-lymphotropic virus type I and is associated with T-cell lymphomas in nonhuman primates (12). (cdc.gov)

Unlike HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in humans, SIV infections in their natural simian non-human hosts appear in many cases to be non-pathogenic due to evolutionary adaptation of the hosts to the virus. (wikipedia.org)
Several members of the chemokine-receptor family serve, in conjunction with CD4, as receptors for the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) into cells. (nih.gov)
Like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) can cause CD4+ T cell loss and premature death. (duke.edu)
Simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) that mirror natural transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses in man are needed for evaluation of HIV-1 vaccine candidates in nonhuman primates. (duke.edu)
Our goal is to develop a pediatric combination vaccine to protect the vulnerable infant population against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and tuberculosis (TB) infections. (elsevierpure.com)
In healthy conditions, pannexin-1 (Panx-1) channels are in a close state, but in several pathological conditions, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) and NeuroHIV, the channel becomes open. (touro.edu)
Background: Alcohol abuse has been reported to have a high prevalence in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population. (psu.edu)
Virological control by the CD4-binding site antibody N6 in simian-human immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys. (harvard.edu)
human is not only about the differences between chimpanzees and humans, but also about the genetics of the viruses in the chimpanzees. (scienceblogs.com)
Forensic microbiology is a scientific area that has emerged with the need to investigate biocrimes, as in the case of intentional transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (scielo.sa.cr)
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. (uspharmacist.com)
Discontinuation of Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a meta-analysis and decision analysis. (harvard.edu)

1 The chimpanzee version of the virus is called simian immunodeficiency virus. (uspharmacist.com)

As a consequence, replication of the virus gradually depletes people of these substances. (life-enthusiast.com)

Instead of the classical types of vaccines such as live and inactivated viruses, several novel immunogens including protein subunit and DNA vaccines as well as viral and bacterial vectors are currently being examined. (aerzteblatt.de)
The DDL is also expanding on the VSV technology to design vaccines against viruses responsible for emerging infectious diseases such as Lassa fever, Marburg virus disease, COVID-19, and most recently Sudan Ebola virus. (iavi.org)

Gag-specific cellular immunity determines in vitro viral inhibition and in vivo virologic control following simian immunodeficiency virus challenges of vaccinated rhesus monkeys. (harvard.edu)

Originally reported in 1985, the first isolate from a rhesus macaque was called simian T-lymphotropic virus III (STLV-III) (1). (cdc.gov)

Lack of B cell dysfunction is associated with functional, gp120-dominant antibody responses in breast milk of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected African green monkeys. (duke.edu)
Transient compartmentalization of simian immunodeficiency virus variants in the breast milk of african green monkeys. (duke.edu)
Natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), African green monkeys (AGMs), rarely transmit SIV via breast-feeding. (duke.edu)
Limited studies of wild-caught African green monkeys from Central Africa indicate a seroprevalence of approximately 30%-50%, apparently without associated immunodeficiency disease. (cdc.gov)
This new virus, described as HIV-2, was closely related to a virus that caused immunodeficiency in captive monkeys in sub-Saharan Africa. (scielo.sa.cr)

The scientists did a genetic analysis of the SIV they found in the Eastern chimpanzees and determined that the virus would need to make more changes in gag and vpu to replicate well in humans than the West-Central virus had to make. (scienceblogs.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: Determinants of disease in the simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaque: characterizing animals with low antibody responses and rapid progression. (duke.edu)
Low virus-binding serum antibody responses to SIV occurred in animals that also showed acute depletion of circulating CD20+ B cells. (duke.edu)

The RETRO-TEK SIV p27 Antigen ELISA is an enzyme linked immunoassay used to detect Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) p27 antigen in research specimens, including cell culture media. (gentaur.nl)

HIV-1 and HIV-2 are believed to be the result of cross-species transmission from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected chimpanzees and sooty mangabeys, respectively, which represent 2 (SIVcpz and SIVsm) of the 6 major lentiviral phylogenetic lineages ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)

Since its founding, the DDL has become one of the world's leading vaccine research and development labs, evolving their design of viral vectors based on the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to develop HIV vaccine candidates. (iavi.org)

CD8+ lymphocytes do not mediate protection against acute superinfection 20 days after vaccination with a live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus. (ox.ac.uk)

Regarding the family, it is grouped within the Retroviridae family, viruses that have the enzyme Reverse Transcriptase (TR) - responsible for transcribing the RNA genome into complementary DNA (cDNA), being the subfamily Orthoretrovirinae ( 2 ). (scielo.sa.cr)

Contributors explore the origins and evolution of HIV, the HIV replication cycle, host-virus interactions, host immune responses, and HIV transmission. (cshlpress.com)
A drug used to prevent the growth or replication of viruses. (hivedmonton.com)

Limited data exist concerning the presence or concentration of virus in semen, cervical secretions, saliva, urine, breast milk, and amniotic fluids of experimentally or naturally infected nonhuman primates. (cdc.gov)

The surface protein gp120 (SU) attaches the virus to the host lymphoid cell by binding to the primary receptor CD4. (antikoerper-online.de)
Surface protein gp120 (SU) may target the virus to gut- associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) by binding host ITGA4/ITGB7 (alpha-4/beta-7 integrins), a complex that mediates T-cell migration to the GALT. (antikoerper-online.de)

It is currently being developed as a microbicide with broad-spectrum activity against several enveloped viruses. (mdpi.com)

However, primate studies indicate that prophylactic immunization may slow down progression of immunodeficiency. (aerzteblatt.de)

Fusion peptides of type I fusion glycoproteins are structural elements of several enveloped viruses which enable the fusion between host and virus membranes. (ox.ac.uk)
99% of CD8+ lymphocytes in live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus macC8 (SIVmacC8) vaccinees from the onset of vaccination, maintained that depletion for 20 days, and then challenged with pathogenic, wild-type SIVmacJ5. (ox.ac.uk)

On arrival at lymphoid tissues, intact virions recycle back to DCs' cell surface allowing virus transmission to CD4+ T-cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
The gp120-gp41 heterodimer allows rapid transcytosis of the virus through CD4 negative cells such as simple epithelial monolayers of the intestinal, rectal and endocervical epithelial barriers. (antikoerper-online.de)
Binding to these alternative receptors allows the rapid transcytosis of the virus through the epithelial cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
HIV-1 mucosal transmission begins with virus or virus-infected cells moving through mucus across mucosal epithelium to infect CD4+ T cells. (duke.edu)
The researchers had hoped that the drug could comb out those viruses that remain hiding in certain cells-T cells-and escape the triple-drug combination therapy. (org.in)
For some, this is an impenetrable barrier for agents such as HIV, but Langerhans cells within the squamous layer have been shown to transmit the virus for target cells [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)

However, only the pandemic M group viruses acquired efficient antitetherin activity, while the much-less-prevalent group N, O, and P viruses either failed to gain this activity or lost other Vpu functions (36, 61, 62, 81, 85, 86). (scienceblogs.com)

Although there is no cure for HIV, early diagnosis can aid in timely initiation of ART that can stop the virus from damaging the immune system. (uspharmacist.com)
While some studies suggest that the treatment damages the immune system of HIV patients, several others show that interferon in low doses may lower HIV levels in reservoirs where the virus hides from antiretroviral drugs. (org.in)
This is a strategy that our immune system uses against many viruses. (org.in)
According to MIT Medical , by the time a person reaches adulthood, their immune system has already had exposure to plenty of bacteria and viruses and is able to mount an attack against these invaders. (medicalnewstoday.com)

1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals neuronal injury in a simian immunodeficiency virus macaque model. (ox.ac.uk)

The cell tropism of SIV in culture depends partially on the strain of virus propagated and conditions of cell culture. (cdc.gov)

But what makes this disease incurable is that the virus re-emerges periodically. (org.in)
Gideon Schreiber of the Weizmann Institute and team had, in a previous research, designed an antagonist molecule that is able to block some of the activities of interferons while still allowing them to act against viruses, thereby protecting against the disease. (org.in)

However, our results suggest that the virus in the CSF may not always be representative of viral populations in the brain and that caution should be applied in extrapolating between the properties of viruses in these two compartments. (eurekamag.com)

This is particularly relevant for respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. (medicalnewstoday.com)

However, the virus apparently is rarely isolated from semen, urine, and saliva despite repeated attempts at isolation (M. Daniel, N. Lerche, personal communication). (cdc.gov)

The jurisprudence and the doctrine still maintain some disagreement about the possible typifications of crimes involving intentionality in the transmission of the virus. (scielo.sa.cr)
However, HIV transmission is unlikely because the concentration of HIV in saliva is much lower than in blood and salivary inhibitors render the virus ineffective. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy25

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