When signaling pathways interact with one another they form networks, which allow cellular responses to be coordinated, often by combinatorial signaling events. (wikipedia.org)
With the advent of computational biology, the analysis of signaling pathways and networks has become an essential tool to understand cellular functions and disease, including signaling rewiring mechanisms underlying responses to acquired drug resistance. (wikipedia.org)
The majority of signal transduction pathways involve the binding of signaling molecules, known as ligands, to receptors that trigger events inside the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Diverse signal recognition receptors and signal transduction pathways were defined which regulate cellular functions, metabolism and development. (mdpi.com)
Furthermore, these pathways are essential for cellular dynamics and build a highly regulated cellular signalling network. (mdpi.com)
However, dysregulations of these signalling pathways are also causes for pathophysiological processes and diseases. (mdpi.com)
Therefore, the understanding of the diverse signalling molecules, signal recognition mechanisms and signal transduction pathways is fundamental for the insight into physiological and pathophysiological processes. (mdpi.com)
Pancreatic beta-cell signal transduction is complex and involves a well-regulated interaction of a number of signals generated by the metabolism of glucose and the activation of a variety of receptor-operated pathways. (ki.se)
Our future research will tell to what extent these various signalling pathways are really regulatory pathways under in vivo conditions, or rather serve as signalling pathways maintaining normal beta-cell function. (ki.se)
In evaluating the response of platelet signaling pathways to antiplatelet agents, we have found that the platelet protein Drp1 is under the control of a dual phosphorylation system. (sbir.gov)
Both bacteria and archaea use chemosensory arrays and downstream signal transduction pathways to receive and process external stimuli. (esrf.fr)
Signal transduction pathways in hepatocyte cell death. (rug.nl)
This thesis describes that hepatocyte death and survival are regulated at the cross-roads of intracellular organelles (e.g., mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum), membrane-bound receptors (such as GPCRs and EGFR) and cell survival signaling pathways (such as ERK, PI3K and PKC). (rug.nl)
This review outlines some of the signalling pathways believed to be important in converting IGF-IR activation into changes in cell behavior and metabolism. (nih.gov)
We report the results of integrative systems biology studies of the Hsp90 chaperone and protein kinases with an atomic level analysis of the communication pathways regulating conformational equilibrium of theses protein systems in signaling networks. (utoronto.ca)
Based on these findings, we developed a computational synthetic biology framework for design and re-engineering signal transduction networks and pathways that involve cross-talk between molecular chaperones and protein kinase clients. (utoronto.ca)
The discovery of phosphotyrosine phosphatases that contain SH2 domains suggests roles for these molecules in growth factor signaling pathways. (drugbank.com)
Pathway4
The changes elicited by ligand binding (or signal sensing) in a receptor give rise to a biochemical cascade, which is a chain of biochemical events known as a signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Each component (or node) of a signaling pathway is classified according to the role it plays with respect to the initial stimulus. (wikipedia.org)
The ↑[Ca 2+ ] i activates a signaling cascade that involves, sequentially, calcium-calmodulin, nitric oxide synthase, guanylyl cyclase, and protein kinase G. This signal transduction pathway enables Cl − to pass through vesicular channels and act as a counterion for the transport of H + , so that the vesicles of secretogogue-stimulated cells become acidic. (jneurosci.org)
The binding of a signaling molecule with a receptor causes a change in the conformation of the receptor, known as receptor activation. (wikipedia.org)
The chemotaxis system in prokaryotes is composed of membrane-embedded receptor proteins that, upon signal reception, trigger a cascade resulting in the phosphorylation of a protein termed CheY. (esrf.fr)
The insulin-receptor substrate (IRS), SHC, GRB2, CRKII and CRKL adaptor proteins have all been implicated in transmitting signals to the nucleus of the cell. (nih.gov)
Here we explain some specifications of signal transduction : a) Specificity : Any signal molecules fit into the binding site with its complementary receptor and other signals never fit. (assignmenthelp.net)
CLEC12 is a cell surface receptor that modulates signaling cascades and mediates tyrosinephosphorylation of target MAP kinases. (shu.edu)
This subclass comprises research and experimental development in intracellular signaling, signal transduction, receptor and membrane biology. (ubc.ca)
We also demonstrated that the depletion of ORP2 inhibited EC angiogenic signaling by reducing the activating phosphorylation of the principal angiogenic receptor, VEGFR2, and several of its downstream targets. (helsinki.fi)
these mutations may affect ACTH signal transduction, expression of the ACTH receptor, or differentiation of the adrenal cortex. (medscape.com)
Proteins4
The overarching goal of understanding molecular principles underlying differentiation of protein kinase clients and chaperone-based modulation of kinase activity is fundamental to understanding activity of many tumor-inducing signaling proteins. (utoronto.ca)
Allosteric interactions of the Hsp90 with cochaperones and protein kinase clients can determine regulatory mechanisms and cellular functions of many signaling proteins and cascades. (utoronto.ca)
Integration of computational systems biology and machine learning analysis of the Hsp90 interactions with oncogenic kinase mutants is then used to construct models of allosteric regulation of oncogenic proteins by molecular chaperones in signaling cascades. (utoronto.ca)
Many other intercellular signal relay mechanisms exist in multicellular organisms, such as those that govern embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
Although HPV was described decades ago, the underlying oxygen sensing and signal transduction mechanisms remain obscure. (ersjournals.com)
We aim to explore mechanisms and generate a view of the inner ear insulin signalling networks and targets that are relevant for inner ear dysfunction in diabetes. (lu.se)
Molecules2
Depending on the efficiency of the nodes, a signal can be amplified (a concept known as signal gain), so that one signaling molecule can generate a response involving hundreds to millions of molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Not all classifications of signaling molecules take into account the molecular nature of each class member. (wikipedia.org)
Insulin1
For example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to study inner ear hydrops, which is a distinctive feature of inner ear dysfunction, in vivo, and auditory cells and human inner ears are used to explore inner ear insulin signalling networks. (lu.se)
Processes5
The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
Therefore, authors are invited to submit original research and review articles which address the progress and current standing of cellular signalling processes. (mdpi.com)
A particular focus was the influence of oxygen radicals on signalling processes. (iospress.com)
In addition, many of them take part in integral cell signaling processes. (helsinki.fi)
Here, we characterize its functions in carbohydrate and TG metabolism in hepatocytes (HCs), examine its involvement on subcellular transport of cholesterol in endothelial cells (ECs) and assess the role of ORP2 in key cell signaling processes in both HCs and ECs. (helsinki.fi)
Downstream2
Such signaling is mainly orchestrated in focal adhesions, regions where the integrin-bound actin cytoskeleton detects changes and transmits them downstream through YAP1. (wikipedia.org)
These results suggest that Syp may be an important signaling component downstream of the EpoR and may regulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. (drugbank.com)
Kinases2
The allosteric interactions and regulation of molecular chaperones and protein kinases allow for molecular communication and event coupling in signal transduction networks. (utoronto.ca)
Among our primary findings is the emerging evidence that a small number of functional motifs may be utilized by the chaperone and protein kinases to act collectively as central regulators of the intermolecular communications, ATP hydrolysis, and protein client binding in signaling networks. (utoronto.ca)
Intracellular1
Cellular signalling is the base for the extra- and intracellular communication. (mdpi.com)
Substances1
This study will investigate the response of immune cells to various signals in the test tube to determine how they sense the signals in the body and what substances they produce in response to them. (nih.gov)
They transfer extracellular signals (e.g. from hormones) to targets within the cell, like Ca2+-dependent enzymes or transcription factors. (videolectures.net)
Metastasis1
Wnt-5a signaling in breast cancer metastasis. (lu.se)
Molecular4
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. (wikipedia.org)
Professor Per-Olof Berggren is research group leader of the group Signal Transduction at the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery. (ki.se)
Network-defined modularity of interacting components and cross-talk in signal transduction networks are quantified through molecular mechanism of allosteric regulation. (utoronto.ca)
Our study offers a systems-based perspective on drug design and re-engineering of signaling networks by unravelling relationships between protein kinase networks with molecular chaperones and binding specificity of targeted kinase drugs. (utoronto.ca)
Tyrosine1
Once phosphorylated, these tyrosine residues (and their flanking peptide sequences) serve as temporary docking sites for the latent transcription factor, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3). (nih.gov)
Machinery2
Combining X-ray crystallography data from beamline ID30B and biochemistry with cell biology reveals how the conserved signal transduction machinery in bacteria and archaea is coupled to the archaeal rotary motor termed the archaellum. (esrf.fr)
The oxygen sensing and signal transduction machinery is located in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the pre-capillary vessels, albeit the physiological response may be modulated in vivo by the endothelium. (ersjournals.com)
Oxygen2
In its absence, several light-oxygen-voltage receptors invariably retained productive, if often attenuated, signaling responses. (nature.com)
Signaling without glutamine appears intrinsic to light-oxygen-voltage receptors, which pertains to biotechnological applications and suggests evolutionary descendance from redox-active flavoproteins. (nature.com)
Targets1
Since a number of different effectors and cellular targets exist, it has been suggested, that specific information is encoded in the amplitude, frequency and waveform of the Ca-signal and decoded again, later on, by cellular targets. (videolectures.net)
Biological1
As with other signals, the transduction of biological signals is characterised by delay, noise, signal feedback and feedforward and interference, which can range from negligible to pathological. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanism1
Likely via a radical-pair mechanism 12 , T 1 reacts within microseconds to the signaling state, characterized by a covalent thioadduct between a highly conserved cysteine residue in the LOV photosensor and the C4a atom of the flavin isoalloxazine ring system. (nature.com)
Genes1
One of these genes, SOCS-3 (Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3) is a member of a newly identified family of genes that inhibit JAK/STAT-dependent signaling. (nih.gov)
Integration1
c) Integration : When any two signals gives opposite effects on a metabolic characteristic ,then the output is integrated from both receptors. (assignmenthelp.net)
Cancer2
LTD4 signalling via ß-catenin: a possible link between inflammation and cancer. (lu.se)
Role of DARPP-32 in Breast Cancer Cell Signalling and Migration. (lu.se)
Cells2
The Innate Immunity Signal Transduction in Human Leukocytes is a research study to determine the response of immune cells from the bloodstream. (nih.gov)
C ) Quantification of the relative intensity of Shh ISH signal in motor neurons, % marker + (BrdU, Nkx2.2, Olig2, and cCasp3) cells relative to uninjected side and % motor columns relative to uninjected side of the spinal cord. (elifesciences.org)
Found1
This is found in nervous system , most specific and paracrine signaling between two nerve cell and nerve cell or muscle. (assignmenthelp.net)
Using the information-theoretic measure Transfer Entropy (Schreiber 2000) we studied the properties of this signal transduction under different conditions. (videolectures.net)
Inhibition of WNT5A signaling and function in malignant melanoma. (lu.se)
Activity1
This is special type of transduction in which information is transfered through all over the body by chemical and hormonal activity. (assignmenthelp.net)