Shiga bacterial toxins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O80:H2 has emerged in Europe as a cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with bacteremia. (cdc.gov)
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a group of enteric pathogens that cause foodborne disease ranging from uncomplicated diarrhea to hemorrhagic colitis (HC) or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
STEC strains produce Shiga toxins (Stx), a family composed of 2 main types of cytotoxins: Stx1 and Stx2 ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
CDC is monitoring a large outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 (STEC O104:H4) infections ongoing in Germany. (cdc.gov)
As of July 5, 2011, case counts confirmed by Germany's Robert Koch Institute include 852 patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)-a type of kidney failure that is associated with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, or STEC, infections-and 32 HUS-associated deaths. (cdc.gov)
The well-diffusion test using cell-free supernatants (CFS), neutralized CFS, CFS treated with catalase, and CFS treated with proteinase K showed that inhibitory effects on a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strain were produced by bacteriocins. (nih.gov)
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause diarrhea, bloody diarrhea (hemorrhagic colitis), and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in persons of any age. (cdc.gov)
All STEC produce Shiga toxin . (cdc.gov)
All STEC produce one or more of two similar toxins, Shiga toxin 1 and Shiga toxin 2. (cdc.gov)
Shiga toxin (Stx) is the main virulence factor of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and ruminants are the main reservoir of STEC. (frontiersin.org)
Results of the outbreak investigation are reported in a document, "Outbreak of Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) infection associated with a petting zoo at the North Carolina State Fair - Raleigh, North Carolina, November 2004," dated June 29, 2005. (marlerblog.com)
In comparison with the first 3 years of surveillance (1996--1998), sustained declines in the reported incidence of infections caused by Campylobacter , Listeria , Salmonella , Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157, Shigella , and Yersinia were observed. (cdc.gov)
Post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS) is a severe, life-threatening complication that occurs in about 10 percent of those infected with E. coli O157:H7 or other Shiga toxin-producing (Stx) E. coli (STEC). (marlerblog.com)
Because this attachment causes these organs to be susceptible to the toxicity of Shiga toxins, this distribution explains the involvement of the gut, kidney, and brain in STEC-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). (marlerblog.com)
E. coli O157:H7 is the most commonly identified and the most notorious Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) serotype in. (marlerclark.com)
E. coli O157:H7 may be the most notorious serotype of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), but there are at least. (marlerclark.com)
Where do E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) come from? (marlerclark.com)
EHEC, also known as Shiga-toxin producing E coli (STEC), induces an attaching and effacing (AE) lesion in the large bowel. (medscape.com)
Shiga toxin (Verocytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC or VTEC) causes serious gastrointestinal infections in humans, including diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis, and may lead to life-threatening sequelae such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). (edu.au)
Management of patients with STEC disease can be challenging, particularly since conventional antibiotic therapy is contraindicated because it is believed to increase the risk of complications by promoting release of Shiga toxin by STEC in the gut. (edu.au)
Las infecciones bacterianas con Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (Stx) (STEC) están implicadas en el desarrollo del síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH). (medicinabuenosaires.com)
No se detectó presencia de patógenos STEC en las muestras de las manos del personal, ni en los reservorios de agua o muestras de comida. (medicinabuenosaires.com)
Abstract Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections are implicated in the development of the life-threatening hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). (medicinabuenosaires.com)
What happens when Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is detected in food? (marlerclark.com)
Researchers are developing and testing monoclonal antibodies to treat Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) infection, thus preventing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) from developing. (nih.gov)
Investigators are further defining the ways by which the Shiga toxins produced by STEC result in the kidney damage leading to HUS. (nih.gov)
Some strains of Escherichia coli bacteria, which normally live in the digestive tract of humans and other animals, produce Shiga toxin, one of the most potent bacterial toxins known, and are therefore known as STEC, short for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli . (thecattlesite.com)
According to Moreira Filho, a professor in the Pediatrics Department of USP's Medical School (FM-USP), HUS-causing STEC survives in the intestine for longer than less-virulent STEC strains and gradually releases Shiga toxin, which crosses the intestinal barrier, enters the bloodstream and causes kidney failure. (thecattlesite.com)
The historically large 2011 German outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), caused by a Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) of the serotype O104:H4, illustrated the emerging importance of non-O157 STEC. (umassmed.edu)
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) leads to food poisoning by causing hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. (springeropen.com)
Some STEC produce Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and/or Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), a relatively stable protein toxin, necessitating the development of an efficient inactivation method. (springeropen.com)
Thus, this subtype is sometimes termed Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). (msdmanuals.com)
potent toxins called verotoxins or Shiga toxins and are referred to as Shiga toxin- producing E. coli (STEC). (who.int)

The toxins are named for Dr. Shiga, who first described the bacterial origin of dysentery caused by a rare type of Shigella ( Shigella dysenteriae type 1) that produces Shiga toxin 1. (cdc.gov)
Stx is related to the Shiga toxin of Shigella dysenteriae and is cytotoxic to the vascular endothelium. (medscape.com)

Bacterial taxonomy is the classification of strains within the domain Bacteria into hierarchies of similarity. (wikipedia.org)
For example, bacterial taxonomists name types based on descriptions of strains. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of fecal organisms in beef products suggests a failure of sanitary controls during processing and the more prevalent relatives of E. coli O157, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, serve as more sensitive indicators of contamination than O157 strains alone. (nih.gov)
The CDC stressed that most E. coli bacterial strains are harmless. (yahoo.com)
A genetic relationship of 100% was established between strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa toxin producer ctxA and tcpA isolated from the index case of the cholera outbreak. (bvsalud.org)
Unlike the atypical form, the typical form is caused by infection with certain strains of Escherichia coli bacteria that produce toxic substances called Shiga-like toxins. (medlineplus.gov)
LT and ST toxin-producing genes), EPEC strains positive in PCR for LT, ST or both (eae gene), and EAEC (pCVD432 plasmid) were considered ETEC. (who.int)

During 2005-2008, about 971,389 samples from several commercial beef production plants were tested using a rapid screening method based on the polymerase chain reaction to determine if they were presumptively positive for bacterial cells carrying Salmonella or Shiga toxin-producing E. coli-specific genes. (nih.gov)
Of the product lots sampled (trim, ground beef, and variety meats), 15% were positive for the stx(1) and/or stx(2) (Shiga toxin genes), 9.1% for the eae gene (the attaching and effacing gene [eae] encoding intimin), 3.0% for an rfb gene region (encoding the O157-specific O side chain polysaccharide), and 1.67% for Salmonella by the polymerase chain reaction assay. (nih.gov)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 contains viruses that produce Shiga toxins, which are necessary to cause human disease. (usda.gov)
Previous work identified 16 groups of E. coli O157:H7 that differed on the locations where the Shiga toxin-containing viruses were inserted into the bacterial chromosome. (usda.gov)
As required by North Carolina reportable disease laws, clinical laboratories submitted E. coli O157:H7 isolates to the state Laboratory for Public Health (LPH) for confirmation, toxin assay, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular subtyping. (marlerblog.com)
As a foodborne and environmental pathogen, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 could pose a health threat to immunocompromised astronauts during a space mission. (korea.ac.kr)
Kim, HW & Rhee, MS 2018, ' Novel antibiotic testing approaches reveal reduced antibiotic efficacy against shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 under simulated microgravity ', Frontiers in Microbiology , vol. 9, 3214. (korea.ac.kr)
To date, only one bacterial factor has been shown to mediate intestinal adherence by O157:H7, the outer membrane protein intimin which was originally discovered in the Principal Investigator's laboratory. (usda.gov)
However, a variety of observations indicate that additional intestinal colonization factors may play a role in disease due to E. coli O157:H7 and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli of serotypes other than O157:H7. (usda.gov)

It produces Shiga toxin, which causes bloody diarrhea (hemorrhagic colitis). (msdmanuals.com)

Once colonization is achieved, one or both of the enterotoxins are released (ie, heat labile toxin [LT] and heat stable toxin [ST]). These toxins draw fluid and electrolytes from the small bowel mucosa. (medscape.com)

Additionally, bacterial growth kinetics, antimicrobial activity, the detection of genes related to plantaricin production, and the genetic expression of plantaricins were determined. (nih.gov)
When compared with normal gravity (NG), bacterial growth was increased under LSMMG in the presence of sub-inhibitory nalidixic acid concentrations and there was an accompanying up-regulation of stress-related genes. (korea.ac.kr)

Bacterial isolates from four HUS cases reported in Arizona (1), Massachusetts (1), Michigan (1) and Wisconsin (1), and two cases with diarrheal illness reported in Michigan (1) and North Carolina (1), have all been confirmed as matching the outbreak strain. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, CDC is working with state health departments to learn more about suspect cases and obtain bacterial isolates for further characterization. (cdc.gov)
Only pure viable cultures of clinically significant bacterial isolates are accepted. (in.gov)
Bacterial isolates from all of the cases had the same DNA fingerprint. (marlerclark.com)
This was an observational descriptive retrospective study with convenience sampling in which 778 bacterial isolates causing FBD were studied. (bvsalud.org)

Bacterial taxonomy is subfield of taxonomy devoted to the classification of bacteria specimens into taxonomic ranks. (wikipedia.org)
The development of anti-infectives against a large range of AB-like toxin-producing bacteria include. (listlabs.com)
We determined whether Gram-negative bacterial molecules are associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology given that previous studies demonstrate Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria can form extracellular amyloid and Gram-negative bacteria have been reported as the predominant bacteria found in normal human brains. (neurology.org)

La BDN de E. coli productor de toxina shiga O157 y no O157, con 9 y 20 cepas de origen humano respectivamente, caracterizadas según sus factores de virulencia y subtipos. (bvsalud.org)

namely, Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2). (springeropen.com)
2013 ). However, it remains unclear whether these anti-Stx1 and anti-Stx2 compounds cause irreversible inactivation or whether they have indirect effects, such as inhibiting toxin release or affecting the digestive tract of the host (Friedman and Rasooly 2013 ). (springeropen.com)

In this thesis we have produced proteins that are densely decorated with carbohydrate determinants in order to study the glycosylation capacity of cell lines (paper I) and generate efficient binders of antibodies (paper II), bacterial toxins (paper III) and virus receptors such as the influenza hemagglutinin (paper IV). (avhandlingar.se)

Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to Shiga Toxin 1 and 2 are provided by List. (listlabs.com)

Enterotoxigenic E. coli produces two toxins (one similar to cholera toxin) that cause watery diarrhea. (msdmanuals.com)

Gb 3 glycosphingolipids are the specific receptors for bacterial Shiga toxin. (springer.com)
To induce toxicity in target cells, Shiga toxins must first bind to specific receptors on their surface (Gb3 receptors). (marlerblog.com)

As a pathogen, E. coli are the most frequent causes of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, diarrheal disease, and other clinical infections such as neonatal meningitis, pneumonia and bacteremia. (eurekaselect.com)
In people with certain genetic changes, the signs and symptoms of the disorder may be triggered by factors including certain medications (such as anticancer drugs), chronic diseases, viral or bacterial infections, cancers, organ transplantation, or pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)

The effects of Shiga toxin 1 and Shiga toxin 2 have been shown to vary with cell type because Gb3 receptors are present in certain tissues, particularly sensory neurons and renal cells. (listlabs.com)
This snug attachment becomes a route for the toxin to travel from the gut into the bloodstream, where it attaches to weak receptors on white blood cells (WBCs). (marlerblog.com)

Shiga toxins, also called verotoxins, consists of two domains: the A polypeptide confers the activity, and the B polypeptide pentamer confers the receptor-specific binding. (listlabs.com)

Through PFGE, a unique bacterial DNA fingerprint is obtained, analyzed, and submitted to the PulseNet National Database at the Centers for Disease Control to track for local and national outbreak patterns. (in.gov)
The aim of the study is to present the database of bacterial genetic profiles and analyze outbreaks of FBD using PFGE. (bvsalud.org)
Bacterial cultures and the PFGE tests were conducted by Sapporo City and Hokkaido Prefectural Institute of Public Health. (who.int)

Shiga Toxin 2 from Escherichia coli (Special Terms Apply*) (162L) is a high quality bacterial toxin for research. (quadratech.co.uk)

The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)

It remains to be shown if PSGL - 1/mIgG 2b can competitively inhibit and sterically block toxin and viral attachment to the cell surface. (avhandlingar.se)
The toxins inhibit protein synthesis and are therefore deleterious to humans, leading to life-threating complications including hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) (Boerlin et al. (springeropen.com)

Within the intestine, infectious bacterial lesions cause derangements in the intestinal lining, disrupting the structure of the villi, affecting absorption in the gut, and eventually leading to watery diarrhea. (marlerblog.com)
Stool studies for a bacterial cause are indicated in patients with bloody or heme-positive stool, fever, moderate to severe diarrhea, or diarrhea lasting more than 7 days, in those 70 years old or older, or in those with inflammatory bowel disease or immunocompromising disorders such as HIV/AIDS. (msdmanuals.com)
Similarly, the use of anti-neoplastic drugs can lead to bacterial overgrowth that results in abdominal pain and diarrhea. (medscape.com)

Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb 3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. (springer.com)
In addition to inhibiting protein synthesis, Shiga toxins induce cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. (listlabs.com)

Quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that both toxins were efficiently degraded to less than 1/10th of their original concentration within 5 min of treatment. (springeropen.com)
A rapid stool assay for Shiga toxin or, when available, a test for the gene that encodes the toxin may be helpful. (msdmanuals.com)

CDC has alerted state health departments of the ongoing outbreak and requested information about any persons with either HUS or Shiga toxin-positive diarrheal illness, with illness onset during or after travel to Germany and since April 1, 2011. (cdc.gov)

The microorganisms and their derivatives that we offer may be presented in a variety of formats, from non-infectious viral lysates, (live) culture fluids, purified DNA for use in PCR-based molecular assays, bacterial cultures, or our proprietary industry benchmark NATtrol inactivated whole organisms. (zeptometrix.com)
Active systemic bacterial, viral, or fungal infection within 14 days before first crovalimab administration. (who.int)

There are more than 700 different types of E. coli, but the type that contaminates foods and beverages is one that produce Shiga toxin (Stx). (machinedesign.com)
Microorganisms may produce toxins that facilitate infection. (medscape.com)

Once established in the colon, EHEC releases one or more toxins known as Shiga-like toxin (Stx). (medscape.com)
In two of the nursing homes, Shiga-toxin ( stx )-1-and-2-producing EHEC O157 was isolated from samples of low-salt pickled napa cabbage (pickles) distributed by the same processing company. (who.int)

Anti-Shiga Toxin 1 or Anti-Shiga Toxin 2 Antibody, when paired with the Anti-Shiga Toxin Camelid Antibody, can be used in a standard sandwich ELISA. (listlabs.com)

Once the Shiga toxins have been endocytosed, they are retrogradely transported through the Golgi apparatus to the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they effectively target the ribosomes. (listlabs.com)

Shiga Toxin" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)

The clay mineral calcium bentonite is able to bind a range of different toxins, varying in molecular weight. (allaboutfeed.net)

It is one of a large group of bacterial germs that inhabit the intestinal tract. (machinedesign.com)

Some of bacterial ribosome-inactivating toxins evolved to mimic the mechanism employed for loading onto the ribosome by translation factors. (rcsb.org)

2010 ) as well as Shiga toxin are known to specifically bind to Gb 3 . (springer.com)

Within the target organ, Shiga toxins disrupt the cellular machinery, resulting in cell injury and/or death. (marlerblog.com)

For factor in diarrhoea and the most common every patient a fresh stool sample was taken source of bacterial diarrhoea in developed and transported in less than 6 hours to the countries [9]. (who.int)

Shiga toxins are very toxic and should be handled with extreme caution. (listlabs.com)

Binds to beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting RNA synthesis. (medscape.com)

HUS, a serious complication of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli , can lead to kidney failure. (nih.gov)
Antibiotics can lead to the release of more bacterial toxins and increase kidney damage, including subsequent HUS. (nih.gov)
Some types of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli can cause kidney failure, the CDC says. (yahoo.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms32

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science4

Health Care5

Geographicals2

STEC33

Shigella2

Strains7

Salmonella2

O157:H77

Produces Shiga toxin1

Enterotoxins1

Genes2

Isolates5

Bacteria3

Productor de toxina1

Stx12

Proteins1

Antibodies1

Cholera toxin1

Specific receptors2

Infections2

Receptors2

Verotoxins1

PFGE3

162L1

Subunits1

Inhibit2

Diarrhea3

Protein2

Assay2

Diarrheal1

Viral2

Produce2

EHEC2

ELISA1

Ribosomes1

MeSH1

Molecular1

Intestinal tract1

Mechanism1

Bind1

Cellular1

Stool1

Toxic1

Binds1

Kidney3