NEFAConcentrations of nonesterified fattyInsulinGlucoseLipidsGlycerolBeta-hydroxybutyrateALBUMINNEFAsIncrease in serumSupplementationCholesterolLeptinTissuesSynthesisProteinsConcentrationMetabolismZuckerCowsFastingAlterations in serumRatsBiochemicalTriiodothyronineAssayLiverProteinBileAminoCompositionThyroid hormoneMass spectrometryReproductive performanceUptakeHepaticOrganicPlasmaBloodLevelsFats
NEFA9
- Across the 3 wk after calving, cows on the SHORT treatment had higher blood non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glucose, and at 1 wk after calving, these cows had a higher liver TAG than cows on the CONV treatment. (bioone.org)
- Also, during this time, PAR 3 cows had higher serum NEFA compared with PAR 2 cows. (bioone.org)
- Measurement of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and blood glucose by automated analyzer. (tamu.edu)
- Outcomes of interest included disease occurrence, culling, mortality, serum concentration of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), milk yield (kg/d) and milk components, resumption of cyclicity, time-to-first artificial insemination (AI), conception at first AI, and conception within 150 DIM. (researchsquare.com)
- Serum was analyzed for insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels. (arashomidi.com)
- Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA) are one of the most important metabolites and energy source of peripheral tissues. (healthcare-in-europe.com)
- Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), nonesterified fatty acidity (NEFA), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum or liver organ tissue samples had been measured using related commercial products (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) based on the producers protocols. (geogise.com)
- The findings from Chapter 6 suggested that exercise related changes in plasma acylated ghrelin concentration are negatively correlated to those in circulating levels of glucose and insulin, but not those in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) or triglyceride. (ljmu.ac.uk)
- Post-exercise alterations in serum leptin level were also found to be related to those in circulating levels of insulin but not those in glucose, NEFA or triglyceride. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Concentrations of nonesterified fatty2
- Daily Intake of Protein from Cod Residual Material Lowers Serum Concentrations of Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Overweight Healthy Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Pilot Study. (uib.no)
- Adipose mobilization is accompanied by high serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs). (msdvetmanual.com)
Insulin6
- Several studies have demonstrated that NAFLD is associated with insulin resistance leading to a resistance in the antilipolytic effect of insulin in the adipose tissue with an increase of free fatty acids (FFAs). (mdpi.com)
- Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, ammonia, and lactate in rumen fluid, and also concentrations of lactate, beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), urea and insulin in plasma were not affected by treatment. (bioone.org)
- It was obvious that chromium supplementation significantly decreased serum cholesterol and increased serum HDL cholesterol (p lt 0.05), but serum insulin, glucose, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were inconsistent among dietary supplementation levels of chromium. (eurekamag.com)
- Insulin response of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism in dry dairy cows across a range of body condition scores. (ac.ir)
- Biochemical evaluation Insulin amounts in serum had been assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) package (Sigma Aldrich, USA) particular for mouse insulin. (geogise.com)
- Homeostatic model evaluation of insulin level of resistance (HOMA-IR) was assessed based on the fasting degrees of blood sugar and insulin in serum, [14] respectively. (geogise.com)
Glucose3
- Thus, the clinicopathologic characterization of ketosis includes high serum concentrations of NEFAs and ketone bodies and low concentrations of glucose. (msdvetmanual.com)
- A ) Blood glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured in 6- to 7-month-old male Ptpmt1 fl/fl /Ckm-Cre + and Ptpmt1 +/+ /Ckm-Cre + mice ( n = 4/genotype). (elifesciences.org)
- Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a 42-amino acid incretin hormone that binds to a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor (GIP-R) that is expressed in numerous tissues including islet β-cells and α-cells ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Lipids6
- A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. (lookformedical.com)
- Covalent attachment of LIPIDS and FATTY ACIDS to other compounds and PROTEINS. (lookformedical.com)
- A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids. (lookformedical.com)
- The situation is further complicated by the fact that carbon from linoleic acid goes into the synthesis of other lipids - including cholesterol and palmitate. (blogspot.com)
- Bile acids are derived from cholesterol and serve an important role in emulsifying and digesting lipids. (metabolon.es)
- On the sera obtained after blood centrifugation the concentration of UCP1, total lipids, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDLs), low density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low density lipoprotein fraction (VLDLs) was evaluated. (unime.it)
Glycerol3
- WAT can sense the body's energy status, and respond appropriately, either by storing fuel, in the form of triacylglycerides, or by releasing it as glycerol and fatty acids, for ultimate delivery to organs in need. (nature.com)
- These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form. (lookformedical.com)
- Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood that are made up of three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule. (lookformedical.com)
Beta-hydroxybutyrate1
- The serum ketone bodies are acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). (msdvetmanual.com)
ALBUMIN3
- FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. (lookformedical.com)
- The associated genes with 2-Monoolein are Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Homologous Gene, LIPG gene and Serum Albumin. (cmdm.tw)
- Binding equilibria of long-chain fatty acids to human serum albumin, in serum or plasma, were studied by a dialysis exchange rate technique. (ncl.ac.uk)
NEFAs1
- During periods of intense gluconeogenesis, a large portion of serum NEFAs is directed to ketone body synthesis in the liver. (msdvetmanual.com)
Increase in serum1
- Only during the early active phase did exercise elicit an immediate increase in serum nonesterified fatty acids. (neurosciencenews.com)
Supplementation2
- Objective: To assess whether supplementation with long chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy, lactation, or infancy reduces the risk of developing asthma or atopic disease during childhood. (uib.no)
- Nonetheless, extensive research has shown that, even at low levels of supplementation, fats decrease the DMI, depress ruminal fiber digestion, and are likely to produce fatty acid isomers that cause milk fat depression [18]. (researchsquare.com)
Cholesterol6
- Intake of Baked Cod Fillet Resulted in Lower Serum Cholesterol and Higher Long Chain n -3 PUFA Concentrations in Serum and Tissues in Hypercholesterolemic Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. (uib.no)
- Effects of dietary cholesterol and fatty acids on plasma cholesterol level and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism sets out what I think might be the "design flaw" in hepatic cholesterol regulation. (blogspot.com)
- It is the focus on saturated fat and serum cholesterol that is 100% deluded. (blogspot.com)
- There is a discrepancy in the regulation of HMG-CoA - reductase and LDL receptor activities in liver from animals fed cholesterol with linoleic acid. (blogspot.com)
- 27-35 kg m−2) with elevated fasting serum cholesterol (5-7 mmol l−1), were recruited from the general UK population. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Assessment of BMI, HOMA-IR, and circulating lipid (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, non-esterified fatty acids, triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein-A1 and apolipoprotein-B) concentrations, was made when fasted before (V1) and after a 12-week intervention (V2), during which participants consumed 250 ml per d of OJ or an energy and sugars-matched orange-flavoured drink (control). (nottingham.ac.uk)
Leptin2
- Leptin material in serum had been evaluated using industrial kit bought from Solarbio (Beijing, China) following a producers introductions. (geogise.com)
- In the subsequent experiment involving one large meal, nocturnal concentration of serum leptin was increased by exercise but there was little effect on plasma acylated ghrelin level. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Tissues3
- A general conviction exists that patients with thyroid function test result abnormalities do not have hypothyroidism despite the low serum hormone levels in blood and low T3 in most of the tissues. (medscape.com)
- This binding inhibitor can be present both in the serum and in body tissues and might inhibit uptake of thyroid hormones by cells or prevent binding to nuclear T3 receptors, thus inhibiting the action of the hormone. (medscape.com)
- An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of chromium in the form of chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, carcass composition, serum traits, and in vitro lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipose tissues of Arbor Acre broiler chicks. (eurekamag.com)
Synthesis4
- Ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration and microbial synthesis were not affected by levels or sources of N in the concentrate. (researchgate.net)
- However, the lower energy content of nonstructural carbohydrates compared to fats and a higher risk of rumen acidosis represents a challenge to satisfy the ruminal fermentation that leads to adequate volatile fatty acids (VFA) synthesis and lactogenesis. (researchsquare.com)
- A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems. (lookformedical.com)
- Branched chain amino acids play a large role in building muscle tissue and participate in increasing protein synthesis. (metabolon.es)
Proteins2
- Some authors propose that serum thyroid hormone abnormalities are due to inhibition of thyroid hormone binding to proteins, thus preventing tests from appropriately reflecting free hormone levels. (medscape.com)
- Amino acids (AA) are the foundational building blocks for peptides and proteins. (metabolon.es)
Concentration2
- Pearson's correlation analysis was applied to assess the possible relationship between serum UCP1 concentration and the values of body weight, rectal temperature and lipid parameters. (unime.it)
- Five per cent inclusion of ALM increased broiler chicken growth performance, the concentration of cecal propionic acid, and activation of skeletal muscle p70S6 Kinase1 (p70S6K1) without having detrimental effects on the meat quality. (cu.edu.eg)
Metabolism2
- In order to find novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, profiling of the serum levels of fatty acids, which are the main components of fats and are important factors for human metabolism, was performed using the sera of colorectal cancer patients. (elsevierpure.com)
- It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism. (lookformedical.com)
Zucker1
- Islet GIP-R expression and immunohistochemistry studies were performed in pancreas-specific PPARγ knockout mice (PANC PPARγ −/− ), normoglycemic 60% pancreatectomy rats (Px), normoglycemic and hyperglycemic Zucker fatty (ZF) rats, and mouse islets incubated with troglitazone. (diabetesjournals.org)
Cows1
- Elevated non-esterified fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyrate in transition dairy cows and their association with reproductive performance and disorders: a meta-analysis. (ac.ir)
Fasting1
Alterations in serum2
- Multiple alterations in serum thyroid function test findings have been recognized in patients with a wide variety of NTIs without evidence of preexisting thyroid or hypothalamic-pituitary disease. (medscape.com)
- Multiple alterations in serum thyroid function test findings have been recognized in patients with a wide variety of NTI without evidence of preexisting thyroid or hypothalamic-pituitary disease. (medscape.com)
Rats1
- The Combination of Resveratrol and Quercetin Attenuates Metabolic Syndrome in Rats by Modifying the Serum Fatty Acid Composition and by Upregulating SIRT 1 and SIRT 2 Expression in White Adipose Tissue - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. (qualitycounts.com)
Biochemical2
- Objective -To characterize serum biochemical abnormalities in goats with uroliths. (avma.org)
- Procedures -For male goats, results of serum biochemical analyses collected from 1992 through 2003 were retrieved from computerized records, as were signalment, clinical diagnoses, and discharge status. (avma.org)
Triiodothyronine3
- The most prominent alterations are low serum triiodothyronine (T3) and elevated reverse T3 (rT3), leading to the general term "low T3 syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Blood samples were taken before and after haemodialysis to measure blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels. (who.int)
- This study was planned to have 80% the production of triiodothyronine (T3) and power to detect thyroid hormone serum are responsible for thyroid hormone degra- levels at the 5% significance level. (who.int)
Assay2
- Hyaluronic Acid LT Assay is an in vitro diagnostic test (IVD) for the quantitative determination of hyaluronic acid based on the latex agglutination method. (healthcare-in-europe.com)
- Autokit CH50 Assay is an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) test for the quantitative determination of total complement activity in human serum. (healthcare-in-europe.com)
Liver3
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is marked by hepatic fat accumulation not due to alcohol abuse. (mdpi.com)
- Determining an approximate minimum toxic dosage of diphacinone in horses and corresponding serum, blood, and liver diphacinone concentrations: a pilot study. (ucdavis.edu)
- It is created via a multi-step process involving the break-down of fatty acids into acetyl CoA, conversion to acetoacetate and reduction to β-hydroxybutyrate in the liver. (metabolon.es)
Protein3
- Oligonucleotide primers, designed on the basis of amino acid sequences of 2 tryptic peptides derived from 1 such protein and conserved regions of the C and B genes from members of the repeats in the structural toxin (RTX) family of bacterial toxins, were used to amplify cytotoxin-specific genes from M bovis genomic DNA. (avma.org)
- An open reading frame encoding a 927-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 98.8 kd was amplified from M bovis genomic DNA. (avma.org)
- Amino acids also play a role in cell signaling, gene expression and protein phosphorylation. (metabolon.es)
Bile1
- The Bile Acids Targeted Panel measures all the major human and rodent primary and secondary bile acids as well as their glycine and taurine conjugates. (metabolon.es)
Amino2
- The deduced amino acid sequence encoded by this open reading frame was homologous to RTX toxins. (avma.org)
- Maintaining an optimal balance of amino acids is vital to maintaining a stable equilibrium of physiological processes. (metabolon.es)
Composition1
- Conclusions: The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer leads to changes in the composition of serum fatty acids including free fatty acids and esterified fatty acids. (elsevierpure.com)
Thyroid hormone2
- Relationship between serum thyroid hormone concentrations and severity of nonthyroidal illness (NTI). (medscape.com)
- We suggest that a feedback relationship exists between the major end catabolic products (creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) and thyroid hormone serum levels. (who.int)
Mass spectrometry2
- The serum levels of fatty acids, including free fatty acids and esterified fatty acids, were evaluated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. (elsevierpure.com)
- Then, partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed on the basis of the serum fatty acids detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. (elsevierpure.com)
Reproductive performance1
- Health outcomes, serum metabolite concentrations, and reproductive performance were not affected by the inclusion of RPF. (researchsquare.com)
Uptake1
- The platform's capability to maintain long-term viability and functionality of white adipocytes was confirmed by real-time monitoring of fatty acid uptake, by quantification of metabolite release into the effluent media as well as by an intact responsiveness to a therapeutic compound. (nature.com)
Hepatic1
- In order to test the hypothesis that peroxidized fatty acids, generated by heating of standard cooking oils, trigger hepatic inflammation, Boehm et al. (blogspot.com)
Organic2
- Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. (lookformedical.com)
- The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule. (lookformedical.com)
Plasma1
- The differences may partly be explained by the presence of chloride ions in blood plasma, reducing the affinity for binding of the first two fatty acid molecules, and partly by facilitated binding of several molecules of mixed fatty acids, as found in plasma. (ncl.ac.uk)
Blood1
- Of the 67 dialysis patients entered in the the serum levels of thyroid hormones T3 study, full data were obtained for 57 pa- and T4 with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) tients (31 males and 26 females). (who.int)
Levels3
- As the severity of the NTI increases, both serum T3 and T4 levels drop, but they gradually normalize as the patient recovers, as shown in the image below. (medscape.com)
- Results: The serum levels of the nine fatty acids exhibited distinct differences between the colorectal cancer patients and healthy volunteers: the levels of four fatty acids were higher in the colorectal cancer patients than the healthy volunteers, and those of the other five fatty acids were lower. (elsevierpure.com)
- Standard methods were used to measure al hormones and increased serum levels of serum levels of creatinine, BUN, T3 and T4 growth hormone and prolactin [ 5-8 ]. (who.int)
Fats1
- A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. (lookformedical.com)