• The suspected mechanism is dependent on p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, which shares a limited similarity with CDK inhibitor CDKN1A/p21. (affbiotech.cn)
  • Endogenous regulation of the cell cycle depends on phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the cyclin- cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) pathway. (jcancer.org)
  • GSK-3 is a serine/threonine kinase initially described as a key regulator of metabolism and has a role in diverse disease processes including cancer, immune disorders, pathologic fibrosis, metabolic disorders, and neurological disorders. (outcomes4me.com)
  • Resected samples showed two thirds tumor tissue necrosis as well as high expression of serine/threonine kinase Akt and low expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which activates anti-oxidant response and protects against oxidative stress in viable cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) signals through a serine/threonine-kinase receptor pathway. (janechin.net)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors have the potential to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
  • Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
  • Apoptosis was partially blocked by the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we examined the role of the Bcl-2 family proteins in AURK inhibition-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • We found that alisertib and danusertib, two small-molecule inhibitors of AURK, are inefficient inducers of apoptosis in HCT116 and DLD-1 colon cancer cells, the survival of which requires at least one of the two antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. (bvsalud.org)
  • We demonstrate that combination of a Bcl-2 homology (BH)3-mimetic inhibitor (ABT-737), a selective inhibitor of Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Bcl-w, with alisertib or danusertib potently induces apoptosis through the Bcl-2 family effector protein Bax. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, we identified Bid, Puma, and Noxa, three BH3-only proteins of the Bcl-2 family, as mediators of alisertib-ABT-737-induced apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Together, these results define the Bcl-2 protein network critically involved in AURK inhibitor-induced apoptosis and suggest that BH3-mimetics targeting Bcl-xL may help overcome resistance to AURK inhibitors in cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • This pathway involves the sequential activation of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and mTOR. (ebrary.net)
  • Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. (mdpi.com)
  • Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. (mdpi.com)
  • Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. (mdpi.com)
  • However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • 9-ING-41 is a first-in-class, intravenously administered, maleimide-based small molecule potent selective GSK-3β inhibitor with significant pre-clinical antitumor activity. (outcomes4me.com)
  • 9-ING-41 is a small molecule potent selective GSK-3β inhibitor with broad spectrum pre-clinical antitumor activity. (outcomes4me.com)
  • Innate or acquired resistance to small molecule BRAF or MEK1/2 inhibitors (BRAFi or MEKi) typically arises through mechanisms that sustain or reinstate ERK1/2 activation. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Small molecule Jak inhibitors as therapeutic agents have become a reality and the palette of such inhibitors will likely expand. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
  • Growth factors that signal through tyrosine-kinase receptor families include the epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming-growth factor-α (TGF-α). (janechin.net)
  • instead cytokines function through binding to a cognate receptor proteins, which trigger phosphorylation and activation of intracellular signaling proteins. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
  • Formation of the cytokine receptor / JAK signaling complex and activation of JAK kinases leads to the phosphorylation of receptor chains, which creates docking sites for STAT ( S ignal T ransducers and A ctivators of T ranscription) transcription factors. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
  • Upon cytokine activation receptor chain- bound STATs are then phosphorylated on the tyrosine residues, which results in dimerisation of STAT proteins that translocate to the nucleus and activate gene transcription. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
  • Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) is a member of the tyrosine receptor kinases, a family of membrane proteins recognized as potential anticancer targets. (ijbs.com)
  • They can be found in telomeric proteins (6), in proteins of the extracellular matrix (7)and seemingly every macromolecular complex in between. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • The reversal of the antisecretory activity of the inhibitors in dogs is suggested to be due to the action of endogenous extracellular GSH, in addition to de novo synthesis of the proton pump, because bullfrog gastric mucosae were found in the present study to secrete GSH into the mucosal solution at the rate of about 0.25 nmol/min/g tissue. (shengsci.com)
  • ST caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest which was accompanied by a decrease in CDK4 and cyclin D1, and an increase in p21/Cip1and p27/Kip1 protein levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In recent years, cell cycle regulators have been shown to exhibit roles in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion, particularly cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p27 kip1 and p21 cip1 14 . (biorxiv.org)
  • AKT prevents cell death by inactivating proapoptotic factors including BAD, procaspase-9 and Forkhead transcription factor family proteins (FOXOs), activates transcription factors that upregulate antiapoptotic genes, including NF-kB, inactivates p53 through Mdm2, and phosphorylates the cell cycle inhibitors p21 CIP1/WAF1 and p27 KIP1 , thus increasing cell proliferation (Hennessy et al. (ebrary.net)
  • The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 2005). AKT also phosphorylates and inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), thus enhancing p-catenin and cyclin D1 stabilization (Vivanco and Sawyers 2002). (ebrary.net)
  • Mechanistic investigations revealed reduce GR-Ser211 phosphorylation following PP1α silencing and provide the first indication of the involvement of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). (pp1a.com)
  • It may also inhibit transcription of serine hydroxymethyltransferase, which has zinc dependence. (wikipedia.org)
  • This has led to the development of a range of ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) that either inhibit kinase catalytic activity (catERKi) or additionally prevent the activating pT-E-pY dual phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2 (dual-mechanism or dmERKi). (babraham.ac.uk)
  • DARPP-32 can itself inhibit the following PKA DARPP-32 phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). (pp1a.com)
  • Invadopodia are small membrane protrusions, rich in actin and actin-binding proteins, such as cortactin and Tks5 3 - 8 . (biorxiv.org)
  • This degradation is mediated by at least two domains indicating the presence of at least two different pathways impinging on ICK1/KRP1 protein stability. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • While AKT phosphorylates multiple downstream targets (see above), the emerging picture is that the ability of AKT to coordinate mitogenic and nutrient-sensing pathways controlling protein synthesis is a key mechanism by which AKT regulates cell proliferation. (ebrary.net)
  • Some of the Law Lab's primary research interests revolves around cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in mammary tumorigenesis and chromosomal instability, and Cdk regulation by the mTOR and TGFβ pathways. (ufl.edu)
  • These models also provide systems for testing new therapeutic strategies, includinh non-ATP competitive Cdk inhibitors discovered in their laboratory and for targeting the upstream signaling pathways, such as the mTOR and TGFβ axes, that stimulate Cdk kinase activity. (ufl.edu)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Cell cycle progression is governed by a complex network of cyclin-dependent kinases that define not only the phase of the cell cycle, but also the timing of transitions between phases 13 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Recent studies have shown that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors can have a tremendous impact on cell cycle progression in plants. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • GSK-3β is particularly important in tumor progression and modulation of oncogenes (including beta-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc), cell cycle regulators (e.g. p27Kip1) and mediators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (e.g. zinc finger protein SNAI1, Snail). (outcomes4me.com)
  • The encoded protein binds to and prevents the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 or cyclin D-CDK4 complexes, and thus controls the cell cycle progression at G1. (affbiotech.cn)
  • Aurora kinases (AURKs) are mitotic kinases important for regulating cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 10, is reported to play an essential role in the progression from the G2 to M phase of the cell cycle. (jcancer.org)
  • Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. (sabbiotech.cn)
  • These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)
  • We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
  • this family of proteins is hereafter called EBF) are a group of DNA-binding transcription factors with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The c-Jun dimerization protein 2, JDP2 is an AP-1 repressor protein that potently inhibits AP-1 transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Characterized by the expression of the critical transcription factor forkhead box protein P3, regulatory T (Treg) cells are an essential part of the immune system, with a dual effect on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It's modes of action include downregulation of NF-κB and decreasing the expression NF-κB target genes including cyclin D1, Bcl-2, anti-apoptotic protein (XIAP) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL) leading to inhibition of tumor growth in multiple solid tumor cell and lymphoma lines and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. (outcomes4me.com)
  • The CDKN2A/B locus contains genes encoding cell cycle inhibitors, including p16 Ink4a , which have not yet been implicated in the control of hepatic glucose homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • As a result three different BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have now been approved for BRAFV600E/K- mutant melanoma and have transformed the treatment of this disease. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • A second activation-specific AKT phosphorylation in serine 473 (pAKT S473 ) is targeted by mTOR as part of its complex 2 (mTORC2) (Sarbassov et al. (ebrary.net)
  • Subsequently, mTOR phosphorylates key eukaryotic translation regulators, including p70-S6 kinase (p70S6K) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) (Hay and Sonenberg 2004). (ebrary.net)
  • Consistent with this, mRNA and protein levels of the invadopodia key components, cortactin and MT1-MMP, peak at 14 hours post-release. (biorxiv.org)
  • miR-1291 also suppressed DCLK1 mRNA and protein expression in HCT116 cells that expressed DCLK1. (bvsalud.org)
  • ST also caused the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, marked modifications occur in the larger phosphoprotein clusters involving cytoskeleton and neuronal structures, membrane stabilization, and kinase regulation in the late elderly.Present findings may increase understanding of human brain proteostasis modifications in the elderly in the subpopulation of individuals not having AD neuropathological change and any other neurodegenerative change in any telencephalon region. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Samples are mixed with a cocktail of biotinylated detection antibodies (Step 1) and then incubated with the array membrane which is spotted in duplicate with capture antibodies to specific target proteins (Step 2) . (rndsystems.com)
  • In animals, CDK inhibitors are tightly regulated, especially by posttranslational mechanisms of which control of nuclear access and regulation of protein turnover are particularly important. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Here we address the posttranslational regulation of INHIBITOR/INTERACTOR OF CDK 1 (ICK1)/KIP RELATED PROTEIN 1 ( KRP1), an Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana) CDK inhibitor. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • INTRODUCTION Linear motifs (LMs) are short elements embedded within larger protein Rabbit polyclonal to ZFP161 sequence segments that operate as sites of regulation (1C5). (insulin-receptor.info)
  • Signaling specificity is conferred by receptors and mediated through associated-kinases. (janechin.net)
  • Growth factor cytokine receptors typically have intrinsic kinase activity. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
  • In contrast, classical immune (type I/ II) cytokine receptors do not have intrinsic protein kinase activity but associate with the Janus family of kinases (JAKs). (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
  • We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • This study found an increase in excess GR transcriptional activity of protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1α) in HEK-293 cells and a decrease in the expression levels of GR-responsive gene knockdown following PP1α model A549 cells endogenously . (pp1a.com)
  • Typically Rho proteins are 190-250 residues long and consist only of the GTPase domain and short terminal C-terminal extensions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As depicted in Fig. 7.1, AKT phosphory- lates and inactivates the tumor-suppressor protein tuberous sclerosis complex protein 2 (TSC2), which forms a complex with tuberous sclerosis complex protein 1 (TSC1), and act together as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase Rheb1 (Inoki et al. (ebrary.net)
  • This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
  • Frog egg cell extracts have been used extensively in cell cycle research because they are relatively large, reaching a diameter of 1mm, and so contain large amounts of protein, making protein levels more easily measurable. (wikipedia.org)
  • While in G1 the cell synthesizes messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps of interphase leading to mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • This natural process can be mimicked in a lab through the overexpression of p27Kip1, which results in induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Invadopodia are cancer cell protrusions rich in structural proteins (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
  • Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • however, the utility of these inhibitors as inducers of cancer cell death has thus far been limited. (bvsalud.org)
  • Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
  • Ongoing studies focus on determining how CDCP1 controls cell-cell adhesion through its association with Cadherins, Catenins, cytoskeletal proteins, and Matrix Metalloproteinases. (ufl.edu)
  • However, protein levels of components of cell membranes, vesicles and synapses, RNA modulation, and cellular structures (including tau and tubulin filaments) are markedly altered from the age of 75. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • The Actuate 1801 Phase 1/2 study is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 9-ING-41, a potent GSK-3β inhibitor, as a single agent and in combination with cytotoxic agents, in patients with refractory cancers. (outcomes4me.com)
  • Acute leukemias induced by MLL chimeric oncoproteins are among the subset of cancers distinguished by a paradoxical dependence on GSK-3 kinase activity for sustained proliferation. (stanford.edu)
  • Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
  • E-cadherin expression can be blocked by epigenetic silencing, but the lab's results indicate that the loss of the E-cadherin protein function is highly prevalent among the most aggressive breast cancers. (ufl.edu)
  • 35 Monoclonal antibodies against EGFR this kind of as cetuximab do appear to possess modest activity in superior NSCLC in blend with chemotherapy, but the lack Raf Inhibitor selleckchem of an apparent biomarker to identify individuals who could have increased advantage might possibly complicate its broad applicability. (pimsignaling.com)
  • This may be relevant to the suggestion of kinase-independent effects of ERK1/2 and the therapeutic use of ERKi. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Over the right time that we have worked to develop the Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource ELM, our conviction is continuing to grow that you will see more than a million LM situations in a ACY-1215 kinase inhibitor higher eukaryotic proteome. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • However, useful advances are now being made in the bioinformatics tools that address the amazing modularity of eukaryotic regulatory proteins. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • This Review addresses single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments conducted on proteins with a known role in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in eukaryotic cells. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Inhibits the kinase activity of CDK2 bound to cyclin A, but has little inhibitory activity on CDK2 bound to SPDYA. (affbiotech.cn)
  • Potent inhibitor of cyclin E- and cyclin A-CDK2 complexes. (affbiotech.cn)
  • 17051658 10.1002/CBIC.200600189 1 'Differential Binding of Inhibitors to Active and Inactive Cdk2 Provides Insights for Drug Design' Chem.Biol. (rcsb.org)
  • Aberrant expression of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) can lead to tumorigenesis, but its molecular mechanism in colorectal cancer is currently unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mechanical force modulates the conformation and function of individual proteins, and this underpins many mechanically driven cellular processes. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • In turn, GTP-bound active GTPases can interact with a plethora of different effectors which mediate the different cellular functions of this family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most of the important insights regarding the specific function of AP-1 proteins have been established through the use of mice with either loss- or gain-of-function manipulations of various members of the bZIP protein family [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
  • The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)
  • Despite the roughly 60 type I/II cytokines discovered, there are only four members in the JAK kinase family. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
  • Within their GTPase domains, they share approximately 30% amino acid identity with the Ras proteins and 40-95% identity within the family. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (thermofisher.com)
  • Following our observation that erythrosine B (FD&C Red No. 3) is a relatively potent inhibitor of the TNF-R-TNFα and CD40-CD154 protein-protein interactions, we investigated whether this inhibitory activity extends to any other protein-protein interactions (PPI) as well as whether any other approved food colors posses. (shengsci.com)
  • Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. (sabbiotech.cn)
  • Our results suggest that ERKi, including current clinical candidates, act as 'kinase degraders', driving the proteasome-dependent turnover of their major target, ERK2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • These resistance mechanisms frequently involve reinstatement of ERK1/2 signalling and BRAFi are now deployed in combination with one of three approved MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEKi) to provide more durable, but still transient, clinical responses. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • These data demonstrate the role of DARPP-32 and related kinase signaling as a prognostic marker in ovarian cancer clinical utility. (pp1a.com)
  • A luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-1291 directly bound the 3'-untranslated region sequence of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1). (bvsalud.org)
  • The bioinformatics problem is simple to state: LMs are too short (and the information content too poor) to be statistically significant in protein sequence searches. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • All members contain the sequence motifs characteristic of all GTP-binding proteins, bind to GDP and GTP with high affinity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Noteworthy, protein levels of large clusters of hierarchically-related protein expression levels are stable until 70. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • A structural feature that distinguishes the Rho proteins from other small GTPases is the so-called Rho insert domain located between a β strand and an α helix within the small GTPase domain [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rho GTPase effectors are a large group of proteins and include actin nucleation promoting molecules, adaptors, as well as kinases. (biomedcentral.com)