Sciences animals laboratory. Medical search. Frequent questions

Developments in Laboratory Animal Science, Technology, Welfare and Medicine is a new venture that aims at providing a comprehensive suite of reference books on developing areas in Laboratory Animal Science, Technology, Welfare and Medicine. (elsevier.com)
In addition to basic research, methods and technologies, books will be published in the series: Developments in Laboratory Animal Science, Technology, Welfare and Medicine also cover business and regulatory matters that impact the development and application of model organisms for preclinical research. (elsevier.com)
Applications are sought for research projects that will promote the enhancement of scientific knowledge in laboratory animal health and welfare. (nabr.org)
The mission of the AALAS Grants for Laboratory Animal Science (GLAS) Program is to enhance scientific knowledge in laboratory animal health and welfare through research, and to further promote collaborative efforts by the AALAS membership within the broader scientific community. (aalas.org)
If you are a researcher who works with animal models or involved in IACUCs (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees), you'll want to stay on top of news, training opportunities, and resources from the NIH Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW). (boisestate.edu)
Our topics therefore also cover the legal and ethical framework for conducting animal experiments, the breeding, husbandry and biology of laboratory animals, methods of identification appropriate to animal welfare, administration of substances and taking of samples, anesthesia and much more. (douglasconnect.com)
Increasing the quality of both animal welfare and science through education. (etplas.eu)
By openly communicating errors, animal welfare can be strengthened, the repetition of failed experiments can be prevented, and the number of animals can be reduced. (reprefred.eu)
To this end Dr. Sabine Bischoff, head of the Animal Welfare Unit at the University Hospital of Jena in Germany, presented her project CIRS-LAS during the 3R Days 2021 in November. (reprefred.eu)
In the following 3-minute video, the founders of the CIRS-LAS platform explain their motivation for creating the reporting system and how it is supposed to ensure greater animal welfare in preclinical research. (reprefred.eu)
The field of research in environmental enrichment aims at enhancing the welfare of captive animals through the assessment and establishment of adequate environmental and social features. (bvsalud.org)
The concern about the welfare of captive animals dates back to Yerkes (1925) and Hediger (1950, 1969) and denunciations made by Morris (1964) about behavioral disorders in zoo animals. (bvsalud.org)
The definition of environmental enrichment is obviously closely related to the criteria by which we define animal welfare. (bvsalud.org)

It seeks to advance knowledge about comparative medicine and laboratory animal science through the publication of scholarly articles about animal models, animal biology, laboratory animal medicine, laboratory animal pathology, animal behavior, animal biotechnology, and related topics. (wikipedia.org)
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 41 , 247-254. (uky.edu)

Medical Science Monitor (MSM) established in 1995 is an international, peer-reviewed scientific journal which publishes original articles Clinical Medicine and related disciplines. (medscimonit.com)
Science News reports on crucial research and discovery across science disciplines. (sciencenews.org)

The mission of the refereed section of the journal is to disseminate high-quality, peer-reviewed information on animal biology, technology, facility operations, management, and compliance as relevant to the AALAS membership. (wikipedia.org)
Globally, studies such as organ-on-a-chip or organoid are receiving increasing attention because they have been shown to sometimes real-world predict human-biology based outcomes more accurately than the results that are obtained from animal models. (hsi.org)
The course is an optional second-cycle course for a degree of Bachelor or Master of Science in Biology and Molecular Biology. (lu.se)
Developmental Biology Laboratories. (bvsalud.org)
Molecular Biology Laboratories. (bvsalud.org)

The present work contains information about proper husbandry and care of laboratory animals, microbiological monitoring of their health and protecting them against suffering and distress. (medscimonit.com)
The author also gives some advice on the improvement and unification of experimental research results through the standardisation of laboratory animals used for the experiments as well as imposing proper conditions for animal husbandry. (medscimonit.com)
Throughout DLAR's 53-year history and today, we continue to provide expert animal support and training for faculty research programs, expertise on research techniques and provides professional veterinary care, husbandry services, facilities, equipment and animal management. (utoledo.edu)
There are clear indications that the conditions of captivity - deprivation of the appropriate environmental conditions, in particular those the species has in the natural environment, and the influence of inadequate aspects of enclosures, husbandry and interaction - can lead to physiological and behavioral problems in the animals. (bvsalud.org)

Give the participants insight in experimental surgical techniques in laboratory animals focusing on rodents. (norecopa.no)

Eight professional and technical awards for excellence in the field of laboratory animal science are given each year at the AALAS National Meeting. (wikipedia.org)
The Online Master of Laboratory Animal Science program is a part-time, three-year program designed for individuals currently working within the field of laboratory animal science who are seeking career advancement, but are unable to relocate to attend the traditional MLAS program in Philadelphia. (drexel.edu)

For information about application and admission to the Master of Laboratory Animal Science online program, please visit the program page at Drexel University Online . (drexel.edu)
Tuition information for the Online Master of Laboratory Animal Science program is available on the Drexel University Online website . (drexel.edu)

Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science , 32 (1), 9-16. (utlib.ee)

failed verification] AALAS publishes two scientific journals, Comparative Medicine and the Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, as well as a member magazine, Laboratory Animal Science Professional. (wikipedia.org)
Comparative Medicine (CM), an international bi-monthly journal of comparative and experimental medicine, is the leading English-language publication in the field and is ranked by the Science Citation Index in the upper third of all scientific journals. (wikipedia.org)
The American Association for Laboratory Animal Science seeks an Editor-in-Chief for its journals Comparative Medicine and JAALAS . (avma.org)
Responsible for directing the production of all published content in Comparative Medicine and JAALAS to ensure dissemination of groundbreaking research within the laboratory animal science industry. (avma.org)
Supports the publication of original, innovative research to strengthen the reputation and assist in promoting the visibility of Comparative Medicine and JAALAS throughout the laboratory animal science community. (avma.org)

CIRS-LAS ensures that this area is limited to people working with laboratory animals by verifying submitted data during the registration process. (reprefred.eu)

Dr. Ravi Tolwani of The Rockefeller University is the associate editor for CM. The Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (JAALAS) serves as an official communication vehicle for the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS). (wikipedia.org)
Reflecting this mission, the journal title has changed, effective with the first issue of 2006, from Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science (CT) to JAALAS. (wikipedia.org)

In the present review, we discuss the problem of hypersensitivity to laboratory animal allergens, which affects both animal caretakers and research personnel. (labanimalsjournal.ru)
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers did not have higher likelihood of suicide. (cdc.gov)

The American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) is pleased to announce that the next deadline for a Grant for Laboratory Animal Science application is February 1, 2023. (nabr.org)

The Institute of Zoology (IOZ), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), is seeking global talents around the world. (nature.com)
The Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences welcomes outstanding scientists from all over the world. (nature.com)

These guidelines were developed on behalf of CDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) by an expert panel comprising 27 experts representing state and federal public health laboratories, private sector clinical and research laboratories, and academic centers. (cdc.gov)

SGV is dedicated to the promotion of laboratory animal science, as well as the furthering of animal protection and ethical considerations in animal experiments. (sgv.org)
The course complies with Swedish legal requirements as well as the European Community's recommendations for the education and training of persons carrying out animal experiments. (liu.se)

Despite available approaches without using animals, the number of newly opened animal testing facilities also increased from 2021 to 2022. (hsi.org)

Advanced insight into Danish and International legislation concerning animals used for scientific purposes, the ethical aspects working with laboratory animals as well as the principles of the 3 Rs. (norecopa.no)
Offers a unified vision for approaching human ethical responses to what science is telling us about the crises facing our environment and climate. (sunypress.edu)

This series is dedicated to in vivo science and technology, including genetics, behaviour, disease models, bioinformatics, and omics (phenomics, genomics, and metabolomics) that improves our basic understanding and use of model organisms of human health and disease. (elsevier.com)
Advanced insight into the use and limitation of animal models in biomedical research. (norecopa.no)
Research fundamentals: V. The use of laboratory animal models in research. (paramedicultrasound.com)
Rehermann and Stephan Rosshart, M.D., the study's lead author and NIDDK postdoctoral fellow, have long sought to improve animal models of complex diseases in humans. (sciencedaily.com)
LASP executes this mission by providing a broad spectrum of state-of-the-art technologies and services that are focused on the design, generation, characterization, and application of genetically engineered and biological animal models of human disease, which are aimed at the development of targeted diagnostics and therapies. (biospace.com)
Led by Dr. Hersch, the laboratory investigates Huntington's disease (HD) using transgenic mouse models and human brain tissue. (massgeneral.org)

As more students become interested in pursuing health, science, and STEM career paths, colleges across the state have begun competing for both students and faculty. (rsandh.com)
Our faculty are experts in large, food animal production and management and that is the focus of our program! (csuchico.edu)

Insight into strategies for planning and analyses of experimental animal studies, including the importance of standardisation of environmental, microbiological factors and use of humane endpoints. (norecopa.no)

Developing an understanding of the plant-animal-soil interface is essential, therefore students must also take a class that has ecological principles (Ecology, Range, or Forages). (csuchico.edu)

The course also comprises methods and model systems as alternatives to the use of laboratory animals. (liu.se)
For all these areas, there are immediately available alternatives to animal methods or non-animal methodologies that can be applied, such as human cell-based skin testing methods. (hsi.org)
Currently there are two bills introduced at the National Assembly, the Act on the Promotion of Development, Dissemination, and Use of Alternatives to Animal Testing Methods, sponsored by Assembly member In-soon Nam and the Act on the Vitalization of Development, Dissemination, and Use of Alternatives to Animal Testing Methods, sponsored by Assembly member Jeoung-Ae Han. (hsi.org)

The special eligibility requirement possession of the Degree of Bachelor of Sciences in a major subject area with relevance for biomedical sciences. (liu.se)
The Frederick National Laboratory is a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and operated by Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. The lab addresses some of the most urgent and intractable problems in the biomedical sciences in cancer and AIDS, drug development and first-in-human clinical trials, applications of nanotechnology in medicine, and rapid response to emerging threats of infectious diseases. (biospace.com)
We're always looking for people to join us in fulfilling the mission of the Frederick National Laboratory: discovery, innovation, and success in the biomedical sciences. (biospace.com)

This could include previous studies at faculties of medicine, technology/natural sciences, odontology or veterinary medicine. (liu.se)
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. (bvsalud.org)

Although the 2006 Pandemic All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA) legislation required the development of competency-based training curricula ( 3 ), an extensive national and international library search identified no existing set of competencies for laboratory biosafety to guide this development. (cdc.gov)
For Volume 124, the scope of the system- cancer in humans and cancer in experimental atic review encompassed a comprehensive animals formed the basis of the Working Group's search of the literature, focusing on an agent evaluation of "shift work that involves circadian name reflecting variations on "night shift work", disruption" as Group 2A. (who.int)

The authors conclude that the quinolone arthropathy induced in rabbits in the present study is consistent with that seen in other experimental animals and represents a good model of osteoarthritis in humans. (cdc.gov)

Krüger, A (2007): Analysing Movement and Behavioural Patterns of Laboratory Mice in a Semi Natural Environment Based on Data collected via RFID-Technology. (fu-berlin.de)
Sachser, N (2000): Evaluation of different housing conditions for male laboratory mice. (fu-berlin.de)
The mouse model, which the scientists called 'wildling,' acquired the microbes and pathogens of wild mice, while maintaining the laboratory mice's genetics that make them more useful for research. (sciencedaily.com)
In the current study, they transplanted embryos of the most commonly used strain of laboratory mice for immune system research into female wild mice, who then gave birth to and raised wildlings. (sciencedaily.com)

LAS Pro is a quarterly magazine focusing on practical information, including the latest developments and strategies in laboratory animal science, such as management, professional development, occupational health and safety, facility design, and technologies. (wikipedia.org)
The Reproductive Health and Toxicology Laboratory at the University of Illinois is headed by Dr. Romana Nowak and is devoted to the study of reproductive diseases and the effect of the environment on reproduction and embyo/fetal development. (illinois.edu)
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are the nation's pre-eminent source of high-quality, objective advice on science, engineering, and health matters. (nationalacademies.org)
The science and technology dealing with the procurement, breeding, care, health, and selection of animals used in biomedical research and testing. (wakehealth.edu)
DLAR includes vivariums on the UToledo main campus and health science campus. (utoledo.edu)
The guidelines are intended for laboratorians working with hazardous biologic agents, obtained from either samples or specimens that are maintained and manipulated in clinical, environmental, public health, academic, and research laboratories. (cdc.gov)
LASP contributes to advancing human health, developing new treatments, and improving existing treatments for cancer and other diseases while ensuring safe and humane treatment of animals. (biospace.com)
You are reporting 'University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center' . (riseforanimals.org)
This community college had outgrown their initial multipurpose building and desired a new state-of-the-art facility dedicated to the health sciences and organic chemistry. (rsandh.com)
The meeting recommended a number of strategic public health approaches for prevention and control of VHF outbreaks through synergizing effective collaboration between the human and animal health sectors on areas that involve better preparedness, early detection and rapid response. (who.int)

It also welcomes informed and thoughtful opinions relevant to the humane care and use of laboratory animals. (wikipedia.org)
Volumes include original research about basic and applied laboratory investigations, as well as informed and thoughtful opinions relevant to the humane care and use of laboratory animals. (elsevier.com)
The PETA International Science Consortium Ltd. was formed to promote, fund, and advance sophisticated, humane non-animal research methods . (peta.org)
The animal protection group Humane Society International/Korea condemns the steady increase in animal testing and calls for substantial and immediate action to position human-relevant approaches as the gold standard in Korean regulatory and bio-science testing. (hsi.org)

AALAS' Certification and Registry Board (CRB) certifies three levels of technician competence: Assistant Laboratory Animal Technician (ALAT), Laboratory Animal Technician (LAT), and Laboratory Animal Technologist (LATG). (wikipedia.org)

The platform consists of our own content and contributions from our cooperation partners on many topics in research with animals. (douglasconnect.com)

The journal invites reports and reviews about basic and applied laboratory investigations, clinical investigations, and case studies. (wikipedia.org)
The risk for exposures, laboratory-acquired infections, and the unintended release of research or clinical materials to the environment should ultimately be reduced by ensuring the competency of laboratorians at all levels. (cdc.gov)
At Mass General, the brightest minds in medicine collaborate on behalf of our patients to bridge innovation science with state-of-the-art clinical medicine. (massgeneral.org)
[ 10 , 11 ] Most of these infected animals were slaughtered for human consumption before any clinical signs of BSE were noted. (medscape.com)

Other key issues addressed are the need for a well-designed workspace, knowledge of specific biologic agents and toxins, quality laboratory management practices, and an overall safety culture. (cdc.gov)

The American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit membership association, established in 1950 as a forum for the exchange of information and expertise in the care and use of laboratory animals. (wikipedia.org)
Each fall since 1950, the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science has held its annual National Meeting. (wikipedia.org)

Knowledge the characteristics of the morphological structure, the main structural and functional components of human skin and laboratory animals is the foundation of rational planning of pharmacological and toxicological preclinical studies of skin dosage forms in aspect. (labanimalsjournal.ru)

The website LAS interactive (LAS = Laboratory Animal Science) contains a wide range of information on animals in research and the 3Rs Refinement-Reduction-Replacement. (douglasconnect.com)

Since the first grants were awarded in 2007, the GLAS program has awarded 92 research grants that added new knowledge to laboratory animal science. (nabr.org)
The GLAS Program provides competitive short-term research grants in the laboratory animal science field. (aalas.org)

The Certified Manager of Animal Resources (CMAR) program is designed to raise competency and professionalism in the field of animal resources management. (wikipedia.org)
These guidelines for biosafety laboratory competency outline the essential skills, knowledge, and abilities required for working with biologic agents at the three highest biosafety levels (BSLs) (levels 2, 3, and 4). (cdc.gov)
In 2006, PAHPA called for the assessment, development, delivery, and evaluation of competency-based training for biosafety in high containment laboratories ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

CIRS-LAS is a web-based anonymous reporting system for the recording and analysis of unplanned events in animal experimental research, developed along the lines of the CIRS reporting systems (Critical Incidence Reporting System) used in patient care. (reprefred.eu)

The Sheep Learning Lab 4-H Science toolkit is from Ohio State University Extension Learning Labs, and includes activities that cover anatomy, breeds, conformation, meat cuts, medicine labels and animal handling. (umaine.edu)
EARA member RWTH Aachen University , Germany, has announced a series of online courses on laboratory animal science starting in February. (eara.eu)
Zhihua Gao is at the Center for Neuroscience and in the Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China. (nature.com)
The Department of Laboratory Animal Resources at The University of Toledo (DLAR) is proud to be accredited by AAALAC International. (utoledo.edu)

The Bachelor of Science in Animal Science is a science-based program stressing production and management of livestock, with an emphasis on food animal nutrition, reproduction, genetics, and growth. (csuchico.edu)

Extensive information on laboratory animal science issues, supplemented by numerous photos, graphics and videos as well as interactive elements, allows users to become acquainted with the subject matter in a detailed and responsible way. (douglasconnect.com)
All investigated animals were bred in an extensive farming system and contact between the different species (cattle, sheep and goats) is not uncommon. (who.int)

The 2022 statistical information also shows that animals are used most frequently in areas such as regulatory testing, basic research and translational research. (hsi.org)

Teaches and trains you how to use laboratory animals in an optimal and most refined way in your research in accordance with the Belgian and European legislation. (summerschoolsineurope.eu)
We urge lawmakers to pass legislation that will support science without animal suffering. (hsi.org)

The summer school is designed for PhD, postdoc and professionals in Life Sciences and active in biomedical research involving the use of laboratory animals. (summerschoolsineurope.eu)

I highly recommend this program to anyone passionate about lab animal science and who wants to grow in their profession. (drexel.edu)
Graduates of the Online MLAS program are working in all realms of the animal science world across the U.S. (drexel.edu)
A successful laboratory safety program encompasses a continuous process of hazard recognition, risk assessment, and hazard mitigation. (cdc.gov)
The Laboratory Animal Sciences Program (LASP) provides exceptional quality animal care and technical support services for animal research performed at the National Cancer Institute at the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research. (biospace.com)
What makes our program unique is the quantity of large animal exposure our students receive. (csuchico.edu)
Our program is structured around large, food-producing animals like beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep and pigs, and as a result, students in our program have the chance to work with these animals. (csuchico.edu)

The primary purpose of these guidelines is to establish the behaviors and knowledge that laboratory workers at all levels should have to work safely with biologic materials. (cdc.gov)

Our work helps shape sound policies, inform public opinion, and advance the pursuit of science, engineering, and medicine. (nationalacademies.org)
It involves online pre-training, tutor sessions, case studies, group work and role play to grasp all the different aspects of animal research. (summerschoolsineurope.eu)
To prepare the students for future employment, practical and experimental work in laboratory settings are important parts of the programme in courses as well as in individual projects. (liu.se)
Specific: In this course lectures, tutorial groups, literature studies, seminars, demonstrations, and practical work related to handling of laboratory animals in different aspects are used. (liu.se)
Accordingly, an adequate error culture is also an important step for facilities that work with laboratory animals. (reprefred.eu)
These guidelines define the essential competencies needed by laboratory personnel to work safely with biologic materials and other hazards that might be found in a biologic laboratory (e.g., those related to research animals, chemicals, radiologic materials, and the physical environment). (cdc.gov)
Your path to joining our team begins with the desire to work for the only national laboratory dedicated to biomedical research. (biospace.com)

Founded in 1979, the National Association for Biomedical Research (NABR) provides a unified voice for the scientific community on legislative and regulatory matters affecting laboratory animal research. (nabr.org)
While there are sporadic funding opportunities by central governments to study these non-animal approaches, HSI/Korea argues that a legislative system is necessary to support not only such research efforts, but also to ensure adaptation by regulatory authorities and use at the industrial level. (hsi.org)

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. (nationalacademies.org)
Discover what the National Academies are doing in various topic areas to strengthen the fields of science, engineering, and medicine and their capacity to contribute to the well-being of our nation and the world. (nationalacademies.org)
Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. (nationalacademies.org)
Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study's statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. (nationalacademies.org)
Rapid Expert Consultations published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are authored by subject-matter experts on narrowly focused topics that can be supported by a body of evidence. (nationalacademies.org)
Science News was founded in 1921 as an independent, nonprofit source of accurate information on the latest news of science, medicine and technology. (sciencenews.org)

Studies in laboratory animals suggest that exposure to these jet fuels can also cause damage to the liver, immune system, and the skin. (cdc.gov)

The laboratory animal science courses focus on all aspects of laboratory animal science and animal facility management. (drexel.edu)
Compulsory parts in this course are: tutorial groups, seminars, and all practical elements (e.g visit to animal facility, handling of laboratory animals). (liu.se)
Following the context of the previous academic building, this Science Facility completes the east west axis of the existing campus master plan. (rsandh.com)

Obtaining the CMAR designation is a sign of professionalism in the field of animal resources management. (wikipedia.org)
This is a basic part of the course, treated both theoretically and practically through studies on the animal environment, animal quality, management of animals as well as sampling and injection techniques. (lu.se)

The curriculum combines training in basic science with laboratory animal science. (drexel.edu)
The basic science courses are designed to build a solid foundation required for a successful career in laboratory animal science. (drexel.edu)
The use of laboratory pigs has increased dramatically in the last decade, and this study supplements the basic ocular anatomical and physiological characterisations already carried out on laboratory pigs. (utlib.ee)
The aim of the course is for the student to acquire basic knowledge in laboratory animal science. (liu.se)

Knowledge about advanced experimental procedures such as microsurgery, imaging, telemetry as well as practical experience with handling, anaesthesia, analgesia, euthanasia and surgical procedures in rodent laboratory animals. (norecopa.no)

The AALAS National Meeting is the largest gathering in the world of professionals concerned with the production, care, and use of laboratory animals. (wikipedia.org)
This publication addresses case studies and practical strategies for laboratory care professionals. (wikipedia.org)
and advancements in animal care and use. (aalas.org)
AALAS is an association of professionals that advances responsible laboratory animal care and use to benefit people and animals. (aalas.org)
In addition, we provide animal care oversight and manage UToledo compliance and adherence to animal research laws, regulations, accreditation compliance and public ethics laws. (utoledo.edu)
CIRS-LAS is a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research since 2017, which is intended to serve as a reporting platform for critical incidents and errors in animal research, based on the CIRS reporting systems already in use for critical incidences in patient care. (reprefred.eu)

Biosafety laboratories must ensure adequate safety conditions to avoid potential hazards associated with the handling of biologic materials, the manipulation of genomes, the creation of synthetic organisms, and the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and threats of biologic terrorism. (cdc.gov)

Organisms1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Health Care2

Welfare13

Behavior2

Disciplines2

Biology5

Husbandry4

Rodents1

Field of laboratory animal2

Master of Laboratory Animal2

Journal of Laboratory Animal1

Comparative Medicine5

People working with laboratory1

JAALAS2

Caretakers2

20231

Zoology2

Centers1

Experiments2

20211

Ethical2

Models6

Faculty2

Microbiological1

Principles1

Alternatives3

Biomedical sciences3

Veterinary2

Search2

Experimental animals1

Mice4

Health10

Humane4

Competence1

Content1

Clinical4

Practices1

American Associa2

Preclinical1

Refinement1

Research grants2

Competency3

Reporting System1

University4

Bachelor1

Extensive2

Statistical1

Legislation2

Life Sciences1

Program6

Workers1

Work7

Legislative2

Medicine6

Exposure1

Facility3

Management2

Basic4

Knowledge1

Care6

Adequate1