• The metabolism of free fructose in liver exploits the ability of aldolase B to use fructose 1-phosphate as a substrate. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the first time, the enzyme:substrate complex of the Schiff base type was elucidated for aldolases. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • Pfp (Cthe_0347) was previously characterized as pyrophosphate dependent with fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) as its substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among the aldolases, we investigated the transaldolase (TAL) and the structurally related, novel fructose-6-phosphate aldolase (FSA) and their mutant proteins (muteins). (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • Aldolase has also been implicated in many "moonlighting" or non-catalytic functions, based upon its binding affinity for many other proteins including F-actin, α-tubulin, light chain dynein, WASP, Band 3 anion exchanger, phospholipase D (PLD2), glucose transporter GLUT4, inositol trisphosphate, V-ATPase and ARNO (a guanine nucleotide exchange factor of ARF6). (wikipedia.org)
  • Ser (A129S) shows significantly improved catalytic efficiency towards fructose-6-phosphate. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • Class I proteins form a protonated Schiff base intermediate linking a highly conserved active site lysine with the DHAP carbonyl carbon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rounding out the upper glycolysis pathway, the identity of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase in the genome was verified and reported to have substantial activity with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, in the presence of the divalent ion, Zn 2+ . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The active site of this archaeal aldolase is also in a TIM barrel. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), often just aldolase, is an enzyme catalyzing a reversible reaction that splits the aldol, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). (wikipedia.org)
  • The word aldolase also refers, more generally, to an enzyme that performs an aldol reaction (creating an aldol) or its reverse (cleaving an aldol), such as Sialic acid aldolase, which forms sialic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Escherichia coli galactitol operon protein, gatY, and N-acetyl galactosamine operon protein, agaY, which are tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase, are homologs of class II fructose-bisphosphate aldolase. (wikipedia.org)
  • A bifunctional fructose-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase, with class I mechanism, has been found widely in archaea and in some bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Class I proteins form a protonated Schiff base intermediate linking a highly conserved active site lysine with the DHAP carbonyl carbon. (wikipedia.org)
  • The catalysis is driven by the more favorable stability of the protonated Schiff base compared to the enolate that would appear in basic catalysis pathways. (proteopedia.org)
  • Aldolase can also produce DHAP from other (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates such as fructose 1-phosphate and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the Calvin cycle aldolase also catalyzes the production of sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate from DHAP and erythrose 4-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chief products of the Calvin cycle are triose phosphate (TP), which is a mixture of DHAP and G3P, and fructose 6-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • [3] Tautomerization, protonation and the hydrolysis of the Schiff base produce the final product of DHAP and regenerate the enzyme. (proteopedia.org)
  • The detailed enzyme kinetics data of the two DHAP-dependent aldolases with DHA as electrophilic receptors were presented in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is part of the aldolase superfamily and the class I aldolases. (proteopedia.org)
  • As a result, implications from rabbit muscle aldolase also reveal a great deal about the human forms of the enzyme. (proteopedia.org)
  • The word aldolase also refers, more generally, to an enzyme that performs an aldol reaction (creating an aldol) or its reverse (cleaving an aldol), such as Sialic acid aldolase, which forms sialic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Asymmetric aldol-type C-C bond formation with ketones used as electrophilic receptor remains a challenging reaction for aldolases as biocatalysts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The detailed catalytic property of l -rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhaD) and l -fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase (FucA) from Escherichia coli in catalyzing the aldol reactions with DHA as electrophilic receptors was characterized. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A number of aldolases for catalyzing enantioselective aldol additions taking aldehydes as acceptors have been developed [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain on frozen liver tissue reveals strong cytoplasmic staining within hepatocytes (x 400). (medscape.com)
  • [1] The cleavage is facilitated by the positive charge from the Schiff base. (proteopedia.org)
  • In both pathways 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA or 3-PG) is reduced to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate with aldolase catalyzing the last reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • A fifth reaction, catalyzed in both pathways by fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, hydrolyzes the fructose 1-6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although some form of fructose bisphosphate aldolase is present in nearly all living things, certain isoforms carry a large degree of conservation. (proteopedia.org)