• National Health Insurance Scheme (Ghana) National Health Insurance Scheme (Nigeria) National Health Insurance (Japan) National_health_insurance#Programs Additional schemes NHIS (disambiguation) National Health Insurance All pages with titles beginning with National Health Insurance This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title National Health Insurance Scheme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Objectives The study aimed to understand the impact of integrating a fee waiver for the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) with Ghana's Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) 1000 cash transfer programme on health insurance enrolment. (bmj.com)
  • Uganda is the last East African country to adopt a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This paper is a contextual and stakeholder analysis of formulating and setting policies for a proposed National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Uganda. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It underscores the lessons learnt over the last decade with regard to the upcoming Ugandan scheme and those of other low- and middle-income countries considering NHIS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proposed Uganda NHIS is to be a contributory health financing mechanism, in which members pay a premium in exchange for a defined package of services, containing elements from both formal and informal employment sectors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ghana has made notable strides in ensuring its citizens have access to high-quality healthcare services by implementing the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). (infopeeps.com)
  • What is the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)? (infopeeps.com)
  • The Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) noted it would continue to advocate inclusion of retirees, both in the private and public sectors, in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). (lagoslocalnews.com)
  • Other dignitaries at the event include the Executive Secretary of Ebonyi State Health Insurance Scheme, Prof. Uzoma Maryrose Agwu, representatives of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), the USAID among others. (ebonyitimesnews.com)
  • The government of Ghana introduced the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2004 with the goal of achieving universal coverage within 5 years. (ijhpm.com)
  • People enrolled and renewed their membership because of NHIS' benefits and health providers' positive behaviour. (ijhpm.com)
  • Given the multi-dimensional nature of barriers to enrolment and retention, we suggest that the NHIA should engage DHISs, health providers and other stakeholders to develop and implement intervention activities to eliminate corruption, shortage of drugs in health facilities and enforce the compulsory enrolment stated in the NHIS policy to move the scheme towards universal coverage. (ijhpm.com)
  • To reduce huge out-of-pocket spending for health services, which often leaves many Nigerians in debt, the government established the NHIS in 2004. (cloudfront.net)
  • Enrollment into the National Health Insurance scheme (NHIS) still poses a challenge in Nigeria despite the established Group, Individual and Family Social Health Insurance Programme (GIFSHIP) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. (curationis.org.za)
  • Majority of the respondents (91%) were not on any healthcare insurance scheme, only 4.2% were enrolled in NHIS while over 70% could not personally pay for their wound dressing. (curationis.org.za)
  • A feature that distinguishes the NHIS estimates of health insurance coverage from other survey-based estimates is the use of responses to follow-up questions to evaluate the reliability of the reported health insurance coverage and to adjudicate conflicting information. (cdc.gov)
  • The evaluation and editing of health insurance coverage data on the NHIS is not new, and surprisingly many of the same issues in obtaining information on health insurance that the NHIS has today are similar to those encountered more than 50 years ago. (cdc.gov)
  • 1996 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Health Insurance Public Use Data File 1. (cdc.gov)
  • The 1996 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Health Insurance data file contains a variety of data items addressing health insurance. (cdc.gov)
  • 2. The 1996 Health Insurance supplement was administered for the full year (except as mentioned above) in all of the NHIS sample households which were interviewed using the paper core NHIS. (cdc.gov)
  • 5. Weights and variances: Since the NHIS uses a multistage sample design to represent the civilian non-institutionalized population of the United States, weights must be used to make accurate estimates based on data from the National Health Interview Survey. (cdc.gov)
  • The Final Basic Weight (location 219-227) is the equivalent of the Annual Final Basic Weight found on the NHIS Person Record of the Basic Health and Demographic component of the survey (i.e. the Core questionnaire). (cdc.gov)
  • Final Basic Weight found on the NHIS Person Record of the Basic Health and Demographic component of the survey (i.e. the Core questionnaire). (cdc.gov)
  • The new Rules of the CERN Health Insurance Scheme (CHIS) came into force on 1 January 2023. (cern.ch)
  • SBI Wecare" deposit scheme stands extended upto 31st March, 2023,' SBI mentioned on its website. (outlookindia.com)
  • 75th anniversary in 2023 to inspire and catalyze timely additional efforts globally, to strengthen the planning and provision of Emergency Critical and Operative care services as part of universal health coverage, so as to meet population health needs, improve health system resilience and ensure public health security. (who.int)
  • In an effort to ensure quality healthcare delivery service for the people of the state, outgoing Adamawa Governor Bindo Umaru Jibrilla has launched the State Health Insurance Scheme, with a N600 million naira capitalisation, at Government House, Banquet Hall in Yola, the state capital. (sunnewsonline.com)
  • Speaking on the state health insurance scheme Jibrilla said "The reason for today's gathering is to launched the State Health Insurance Scheme. (sunnewsonline.com)
  • Gov. Muhammadu Bindow of Adamawa on has inaugurated the State Health Insurance Scheme. (searchngr.com)
  • Speaking at the association's annual general meeting, the chairman, Pharm Lawrence Ekhator, said pharmacists must be duly engaged in the scheme, adding that it would yield little or no interest if ACPN does not have a space in the Lagos State Health Insurance Scheme. (punchng.com)
  • Governor David Nweze Umahi described as lies the rumour making the rounds that the Board of the Ebonyi State Health Insurance Scheme has been dissolved. (ebonyitimesnews.com)
  • Governor Umahi made this statement on Tuesday in Abakaliki during the flag off of the Basic Healthcare Provision Fund and State Health Insurance Scheme held at the Christian Ecumenical Centre, Abakaliki. (ebonyitimesnews.com)
  • Meanwhile the Board Chairman of the State Health Insurance Scheme, Chief Godwin Ogbaga has highly commended the Governor for having made the flag off a memorable one. (ebonyitimesnews.com)
  • The present administration in Ogun State having understood the prevailing economic constraints in the country is aligning with the global and national agenda of pursuing the goal of Universal Health Coverage by the year 2025, thereby establishing the Ogun State Health Insurance Scheme. (com.ng)
  • The implications of expanding government-sponsored health insurance schemes in India are analysed from a fiscal perspective. (epw.in)
  • India has taken a major stride in expanding government-sponsored health insurance (GSHI) schemes in the last decade. (epw.in)
  • This has opened up the possibility of a significant increase in public spending on GSHI schemes in India. (epw.in)
  • This paper examines the experiences with two of the earliest and largest GSHI schemes implemented in India from a fiscal perspective. (epw.in)
  • The entire amount of premium for this scheme is being borne by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, government of India. (newindianexpress.com)
  • The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has collaborated with the New India Assurance (NIA) Company Limited for providing the insurance amount based on the guidelines prepared for the scheme, the ministry had said. (newindianexpress.com)
  • The meeting, through video conferencing, was attended by senior officials from Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare and the New India Assurance Company Ltd. (easternmirrornagaland.com)
  • A presentation was made by the Chairman & Managing Director of New India Assurance providing details about the highlight of the scheme and its status of implementation as on date. (easternmirrornagaland.com)
  • How Can NRIs Save Taxes on Health Insurance in India? (policybazaar.com)
  • The country's largest lender State Bank of India (SBI) has extended its special fixed deposit scheme - SBI Wecare deposit scheme for senior citizens. (outlookindia.com)
  • Ayushman Bharat Scheme is a health insurance scheme, covering most of the states and UTs in India. (pmmodiyojanaye.in)
  • Government health insurance schemes are the largest employers of senior citizens in India. (whatsappsstatusvideos.com)
  • Senior citizens in India are eligible for various government health insurance schemes like the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) and the Ayushman Bharat. (whatsappsstatusvideos.com)
  • Government of India Ministry of Health. (who.int)
  • 16 there was a correlation between exposure to sugar with caries incidence in workers with and without dental health insurance in India. (bvsalud.org)
  • Earlier, in her opening remarks, the Commissioner of Health Fatima Atiku said, "Today marks a major milestone in Adamawa state's long term journey in actualizing the achievement of Universal Health Coverage. (sunnewsonline.com)
  • The ambitious scheme aims to provide universal coverage by 2015 and close the gap between expensive private care and the weak public facilities on which eight in 10 citizens depend. (expatica.com)
  • Tholen, who was employed by the city as an emergency medical technician, received health insurance coverage from Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Kansas City. (justice.gov)
  • Introducing compulsory health insurance for government employees bears immense importance for stepping towards universal healthcare coverage in Bangladesh. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The estimated premium is 500 Taka per month (400 Taka per month for health insurance and 100 Taka per month for life and accident related disability insurance).The hospitalization benefit is on a floater basis i.e. the total coverage can be availed of individually or collectively by the employees and their eligible family members during the said block period with no restriction on the number of times of availing. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Expanding Social Protection for Health: Towards Universal Health Coverage (Health Care Financing Strategy (2012-2032). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The scheme shall be established by an act of parliament as part of proposed reforms to achieve universal health coverage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As Harry Reid's 2,000 page health-care bill is being rammed through the Senate, most of the public debate has been focused on its expanded coverage, its now defunct public option, and its high taxes. (wcvarones.com)
  • Billed as the biggest government-sponsored healthcare scheme in the world, Ayushman Bharat was launched by the Modi government in September last year, envisaging a coverage of Rs five lakh per family annually to more than 10 crore poor families. (indiatimes.com)
  • Does Your Travel Insurance Pack In Adequate Health Coverage? (outlookindia.com)
  • The National Health Insurance Scheme , introduced in 2003, is a social intervention program by the Ghanaian government to provide healthcare coverage to its citizens. (infopeeps.com)
  • The launch of this Health Insurance Scheme will move Adamawa closer to its goal of achieving Universal Healthcare Coverage to its financially underprivileged citizens. (searchngr.com)
  • Onyeka, who noted that the new health insurance bill signed into law on May 19, 2022 sought for a universal health insurance coverage, saying "it therefore, meant everybody was covered including retirees. (lagoslocalnews.com)
  • The government aims to ensure Universal Health Coverage. (pmmodiyojanaye.in)
  • He pledged commitment of his government to pursue universal health coverage for all Ebonyi people and other residents of the state. (ebonyitimesnews.com)
  • My brothers and sisters, in our aggressive pursuit for universal health coverage for all Ebonyians and residents, we have not failed to align with the visions of the Ebonyi State Health Insurance Agency in providing quality, affordable and accessible healthcare for all residents of Ebonyi State. (ebonyitimesnews.com)
  • Speaking further, Umahi said: "In Ebonyi State, we have demonstrated strong commitment towards attaining universal health coverage first by passing the Ebonyi State Health Scheme Law in 2018 and setting up the Ebonyi State Health Insurance Agency in 2019. (ebonyitimesnews.com)
  • If you are eligible under the health insurance scheme, you get automatic coverage. (enskyar.com)
  • Impact of free delivery care on health facility delivery and insurance coverage in Ghana's Brong Ahafo Region. (ijhpm.com)
  • A lack of health insurance coverage is a precursor of 'out of pocket' payment. (curationis.org.za)
  • Since 1963, the evaluation and editing of health insurance coverage data has been facilitated by the collection of insurance plan names. (cdc.gov)
  • Today, respondents who report any private insurance coverage and respondents who report coverage under Medicare managed care, Medicaid managed care, CHIP or any other state-sponsored or government plan are asked to provide the plan name. (cdc.gov)
  • C) For those with private general purpose health care plans, coverage of dental care was ascertained instead of coverage for mammograms. (cdc.gov)
  • and · suggest possible options to enhance the move towards universal health coverage. (who.int)
  • Countries of the Region are committed to ensuring that all people have access to needed health services without the risk of financial hardship - the goal of universal health coverage. (who.int)
  • and called on Member States to consider implementing the regional framework for action on advancing universal health coverage, and develop and implement a national road map for universal health coverage based on the regional framework. (who.int)
  • Group 1: These countries have relied mainly on general government revenues to provide a generous package of health services for their citizens but there has been a recent shift in some countries to implement social health insurance arrangements to cover nationals for all or selected services and most are now contemplating coverage for expatriate workers. (who.int)
  • The design features of a social health insurance arrangement within the overall health financing have an impact on progress towards universal health coverage. (who.int)
  • Universal health coverage in 'One ASEAN': are migran ts included? (bvsalud.org)
  • While ASEAN member countries have already signed the Declaration on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers, the health rights of migrants still need to be addressed, especially with ongoing universal health coverage (UHC) reforms in most ASEAN countries. (bvsalud.org)
  • The SBI Wecare deposit was supposed to end on September 30, 2022 but SBI has extended this special FD scheme till March next year. (outlookindia.com)
  • Around 80 per cent of NDIS payments between October and December 2022 were subject to a price cap, according to the independent review of the scheme, which suggested looking at alternatives including outcome payments, or having participants "enrol" with a provider. (afr.com)
  • The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari has signed into law, the National Health Insurance Authority Bill 2022, canceling the National Health Insurance Scheme Act. (cloudfront.net)
  • Therefore, the Kerala government expanded and strengthened the implementation of the project by adjoining other existing health insurance schemes into it under the title -- Karunaya Arogya Surakha Scheme, which comprises 41 lakh families," Shylaja said. (indiatimes.com)
  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on Monday chaired a meeting to review the implementation of the insurance scheme for health workers fighting Covid-19, as announced under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKP). (easternmirrornagaland.com)
  • Jigawa state government has flagged off the implementation of Contributory Health Insurance Scheme today with over 240,000 beneficiaries from the formal sector. (stalliontimes.com)
  • Therefore, as trade unions, we will have to continue advocating and pushing for the implementation of the universal health insurance scheme. (lagoslocalnews.com)
  • The central government will monitor the implementation process of the Jammu Kashmir SEHAT Health Scheme. (pmmodiyojanaye.in)
  • 2. To advise on the modalities for the implementation of such a scheme. (com.ng)
  • Agyepong IA, Adjei S. Public social policy development and implementation: a case study of the Ghana National Health Insurance scheme. (ijhpm.com)
  • Using the fourth and fifth wave of the Ghanaian Living Standard Household Survey, I empirically investigate whether the implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme affects child labour in Ghana. (idos-research.de)
  • My findings suggest that the implementation of the insurance scheme leads to a decrease in out-of-pocket payments for health purposes, which is linked to a substantial reduction in the incidence of child labour. (idos-research.de)
  • Surveillance methods for health care & related workers: development and implementation of the Duke Health and Safety Surveillance System (DHSSS). (cdc.gov)
  • In terms of predominantly sending countries, the Philippines's social health insurance provides outbound migrants with portable insurance yet with limited benefits, while Indonesia still needs to strengthen the implementation of its compulsory migrant insurance which has a health insurance component. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although state governments bear only 40% of the cost of the scheme (the remaining is borne by the central government), the concentration of eligible beneficiaries in some of the resource-constrained states with low levels of public spending can potentially impose a substantial burden on their public resources. (epw.in)
  • The minister also said the state had registered 17 lakh beneficiaries under the scheme and 1.46 lakh people were given treatment for various diseases. (indiatimes.com)
  • The CM believes that the popular state-sponsored health insurance scheme will gain greater numbers of beneficiaries, if the threshold is elevated to Rs.2 Lakh per individual. (policybazaar.com)
  • A recently conducted on-the-spot survey by a 50-member team of health and insurance sector officials revealed that the current number of beneficiaries availing the scheme has touched 15 Lakhs benchmark and the process is on to connect more beneficiaries to the scheme. (policybazaar.com)
  • Dr Nura added that, the enrolment will continue in segments until all civil servants and non civil servants and targeted beneficiaries are covered, with more health facilities incorporated among accredited service providers. (stalliontimes.com)
  • With major hospitals includ ing DMCH and CMCH in Ludhiana and Fortis and Escorts in Amritsar excluded from the list of hospitals under the scheme, the beneficiaries have decreased. (aarogya.com)
  • The Ogun State Health Insurance Agency will be responsible for mobilising financial resources for the scheme, pooling of risks, purchase of health care services for the beneficiaries and performing general oversight functions," the statement added. (com.ng)
  • Beneficiaries of the insurance scheme will be able to access basic health care in primary, secondary, and tertiary facilities. (com.ng)
  • This is the first study to assess the impact of an integrated government programme providing cash transfers combined with a fee waiver for a national health insurance scheme on health insurance uptake. (bmj.com)
  • Speaking at a BJP meeting in Guruvayur on Saturday, Modi urged the Pinarayi Vijayan government in Kerala to implement the flagship health insurance programme of the Centre. (indiatimes.com)
  • Dix-huit pays de la Région sur vingt-deux ont inscrit la santé en tant que droit de l'homme dans leur Constitution : huit pays y énoncent leurs obligations, cinq pays citent un programme et cinq autres précisent le contenu de ce droit. (who.int)
  • The objectives of this study were to explore barriers to immunization in a Pacific island community from the perspectives of community members and health professionals and to conduct a pilot programme whereby immunization catch-up clinics were held in a Samoan church in western Sydney. (who.int)
  • Oxfam and its Ghanaian partners said that despite every citizen contributing toward Ghana's health insurance scheme through VAT, the country's health care system is unfair, inefficient and un-transparent. (oxfam.org)
  • Several GSHI schemes have been initiated at the central and state government levels, of which the most recent and largest has been the Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY). (epw.in)
  • On joining the Ayushman Bharat, the Kerala government has said the state is already a member of Centre's health scheme and the PM has "misunderstood" it. (indiatimes.com)
  • Joining issue with Prime Minister Narendra Modi over his appeal to it for joining Ayushman Bharat , the LDF government in Kerala has said the state is already a member of the Centre's health insurance scheme and the PM has "misunderstood" it. (indiatimes.com)
  • Ayushman Bharat health insurance scheme lanuched on September 23, 2018, the Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched Ayushman Bharat, world's largest government-funded healthcare scheme. (enskyar.com)
  • PMJAY-Ayushman Bharat is the biggest government-sponsored healthcare scheme in the world. (enskyar.com)
  • Ayushman Bharat - National Health Protection Mission will have a defined benefit cover of Rs. (enskyar.com)
  • One of the core principles of Ayushman Bharat - National Health Protection Mission is to co-operative federalism and flexibility to states. (enskyar.com)
  • For giving policy directions and fostering coordination between Centre and States, it is proposed to set up Ayushman Bharat National Health Protection Mission Council (AB-NHPMC) at apex level Chaired by Union Health and Family Welfare Minister. (enskyar.com)
  • To ensure that the funds reach SHA on time, the transfer of funds from Central Government through Ayushman Bharat - National Health Protection Mission to State Health Agencies may be done through an escrow account directly. (enskyar.com)
  • The Rs 50-lakh insurance cover 'Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package Insurance Scheme for Health Workers Fighting COVID-19' was announced on March 30 for a period of 90 days. (newindianexpress.com)
  • NEW DELHI: Under its Rs 50 lakh insurance scheme for frontline healthcare providers engaged in COVID-19 duty, payment has been made in 95 cases of death of such workers while 176 claims are being processed, the Union Health Ministry said on Tuesday. (newindianexpress.com)
  • This central sector scheme provides an insurance cover of Rs 50 lakh to healthcare providers, including community health workers, who may have to be in direct contact and care of COVID-19 patients and therefore at a risk of being infected. (newindianexpress.com)
  • The scheme offers a benefit of 5 Lakh Taka for covering all medical costs (excluding transport charges) of inpatient care for a block period of 5 years and 5 Lakh Taka for death benefit. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • However, she added that the southern state had apprehensions about the scheme as it covered only 18.5 lakh families, leaving out many deserving people. (indiatimes.com)
  • Post the launch of Chief Minister Health Insurance Scheme that provides free treatment of up to Rs.50,000, across all state government hospitals in Uttarakhand, CM Harish Rawat recently announced on enhancing this limit to Rs.2 Lakh. (policybazaar.com)
  • The Chief Minister was, however, unable to spell out the approximate number of families in Goa's 14 lakh population which would not be covered under the scheme, nor was he able to explain the financial implication of the insurance cover scheme. (aarogya.com)
  • It was first introduced in 2006 as Sanjivini Health Care for members of co-operative societies in villages, with an annual premium of Rs 330 and health cover of Rs 2 lakh per annum. (aarogya.com)
  • Now, while the premium has been increased to Rs 2,215, the annual health cover has reduced to Rs 1.5 lakh. (aarogya.com)
  • Regarding the amount of health cover, he said, "We found that people availing facilities of more than 1.5 lakh per annum were not more than 50 in number and hence we reduced the cover amount. (aarogya.com)
  • The scheme offers an insurance cover of Rs 5 lakh, which will cover almost 50 crore citizens. (enskyar.com)
  • Individuals would still be able to enroll in private medical aid schemes, but would also have to pay NHI contributions. (expatica.com)
  • The president explained that the authority will collaborate with state government health insurance schemes to accredit primary and secondary health facilities and enroll Nigerians into the scheme in order to ensure the delivery of quality health care. (cloudfront.net)
  • No proper understanding was the reason why 33 (28.4%) of those aware of the scheme did not enroll themselves or their dependents. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition to these, there are 79 claims that are yet to be received from states," Union Health Ministry Secretary Rajesh Bhushan said at a press briefing. (newindianexpress.com)
  • There is no age limit for this scheme and individual enrolment is not required, the ministry said. (newindianexpress.com)
  • The scheme was further extended for another 180 days i. e. six months, the ministry had said on September 15. (newindianexpress.com)
  • 2.BNHA (1997-2012) Bangladesh National Health Accounts 1997-2012, Health Economics Unit, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Data collection comprised a literature review of published documents, technical reports, policy briefs, and memos obtained from Uganda's Ministry of Health and other unpublished sources. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Formal discussions were held with ministry staff involved in the design of the scheme and some members of the task force to obtain clarification, verify events, and gain additional information. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Officials from Ministry of Health & Family Welfare provided an overview of the mechanism being followed with states' nodal authorities to expedite the claims, also highlighting the issues being faced while reaching out to the family of deceased as well as obtaining the legal heir certificate. (easternmirrornagaland.com)
  • Also, four staff of the Ministry of Health (MoH), Ghana Health Service (GHS) and National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) were engaged in in-depth interviews. (ijhpm.com)
  • Ministry of Health. (ijhpm.com)
  • Source of data: National Health Information Analytic Center, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia. (who.int)
  • Source: Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Annual statistical report of the Federal Government on the state of safety and health at work and on work accidents and occupational diseases in the Federal Republic of Germany. (who.int)
  • and in some countries, social health insurance is managed by the Ministry of Health. (who.int)
  • This policy brief was prepared at the request of the Human Resources Directorate of the Ministry of Public Health to inform the deliberations leading to the development of the national strategic plan for the health workforce. (bvsalud.org)
  • a New South Wales Public Health Officer Training Program, Ministry of Health, New South Wales, Australia. (who.int)
  • Abbreviated for Social Endeavor for Health And Telemedicine , SEHAT is an expansion of the already existing AB-PMJAY, Ayushaman Bharat- Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana. (pmmodiyojanaye.in)
  • Fatima Abubakar explained that, "It is with excitement that I say all the residents of the state will soon enjoy the health benefits covered under the scheme such as maternal, child care service, emergency and minor surgeries among others. (sunnewsonline.com)
  • The participants in the scheme stole more than $3.9 million and treated the health care plan "like their own personal ATM," Assistant Attorney General Brian Benczkowski said at a news conference. (nbcwashington.com)
  • Ten former NFL players allegedly committed a brazen, multi-million dollar fraud on a health care plan meant to help their former teammates and other retired players pay legitimate, out-of-pocket medical expenses," he said. (nbcwashington.com)
  • It provides tax-free reimbursement of out-of-pocket medical care expenses that were not covered by insurance and that were incurred by former players, their spouses and dependents. (nbcwashington.com)
  • We are building a health system that will offer decent health care for all our people. (expatica.com)
  • The NHI aims to offer all South Africans comprehensive health services in one of the world's most unequal societies, where quality health care is heavily skewed toward the private sector. (expatica.com)
  • It is true that the quality of care in public health institutions is often totally unacceptable and that radical measures are needed to put matters in order," Motsoaledi said. (expatica.com)
  • The long-awaited proposal has sparked controversy over fears about costs and threats to the private health care industry. (expatica.com)
  • The results suggest that the expansion of the GSHI schemes may skew expenditure away from primary and secondary care towards tertiary care if the fiscal space is limited. (epw.in)
  • 4.Hamid, SA, Ahsan, SM & Begum, A. (2014) Disease-specific Impoverishment Impact of Out-of-Pocket Payments for Health Care: Evidence from Rural Bangladesh, Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 12 (4): 421-33. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Adding to that, a senior health officer said, "Keeping healthy is the basic right of each individual and the health authorities has been entrusted with the responsibility to provide improved health care to all. (policybazaar.com)
  • All members of the PNG Health Assurance (PHA's) National Healthcare Insurance Scheme will soon be able to access health care and treatment at the Port Moresby General Hospital just by a show of their membership card. (com.pg)
  • The contributory healthcare scheme is a further effort in ensuring an overall objective of healthy and productive population through access to comprehensive, appropriate, affordable, efficient, equitable and quality essential health care services," he added. (stalliontimes.com)
  • She added that the state residents would soon begin to enjoy the health benefits of the scheme that include maternal and child care services, emergency care services and minor surgeries, among others. (searchngr.com)
  • Also majority members of the populace receive medical services from selected health care centre without difficulties. (com.ng)
  • On August 23rd 1985, the minister for health, Chief (Dr) Emmanuel Nsan inaugurated a special advisory committee on National Health Insurance Scheme in Nigeria to examine issue related to health insurance scheme as a National Health Insurance Scheme as a way of financing personal health care services. (com.ng)
  • 3. Managerial decisions involving abuses Health Care Organizations and Monitoring the system. (com.ng)
  • It is the physicians who manage the health care organizations even though non - physicians may carry the title of administrator. (com.ng)
  • Lagos State chapter of the Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria has called on the state government to include pharmacists as care providers in its health insurance scheme. (punchng.com)
  • Senior citizens need to take up government health insurance schemes so that they will be able to afford health care in the event of any medical emergency. (whatsappsstatusvideos.com)
  • Cashless and paperless access to quality health care services. (enskyar.com)
  • The statement further noted that the basic benefit package of the scheme would cut across both preventive and curative health services, taking into cognisance the prevailing local morbidity and mortality profile, including pre and post-natal care as well as normal delivery. (com.ng)
  • Asenso-Okyere WK, Anum A, Osei-Akoto I, Adukonu A. Cost recovery in Ghana: are there any changes in health care seeking behaviour? (ijhpm.com)
  • A majority of Nigerians pay cash if they have to visit a health care facility when ill. (cloudfront.net)
  • The report ' Achieving a Shared Goal: Free universal health care in Ghana ', launched today in Accra, says instead that most people are having to continue to pay out-of-pocket for their health care in a parallel "cash-and-carry" system. (oxfam.org)
  • This inaccurate information should not be used to sell what is actually an unfair and inefficient system of paying for health-care to other developing countries such as Uganda, Zambia and Nepal," said Anna Marriott, Oxfam Health Policy Advisor. (oxfam.org)
  • "The Ghanaian government is actually in a very strong position to overhaul the entire insurance scheme and replace it with a tax-based system that would give free health care to all its citizens at a lower cost. (oxfam.org)
  • It is appalling that everyone pays for health care in Ghana through their taxes, yet over 80 per cent of the population is denied care from the national program because they can't afford to pay twice. (oxfam.org)
  • Ghana can still build a universal health care system that delivers for all and is the envy of Africa," said Akolgo. (oxfam.org)
  • Only 124 (55.1%) were satisfied with the overall services provided to them by their health care provider (HCP). (bvsalud.org)
  • 3. The principles of primary health care have been among the pillars of the country's health system and Ethiopia has made significant progress over the previous two decades in terms of increasing access to health services through the expansion of primary healthcare services and the deployment of a large number of health work force. (who.int)
  • 7. The emergency, critical and operative care services are among the top priorities as indicated in the revised package of essential health services. (who.int)
  • 10. We have witnessed that having a continuum of integrated services from the pre-hospital and community to health centers to primary care clinics and to hospitals, saves lives and maximizes the impact of investments across the health system. (who.int)
  • A comprehensive occupational safety and surveillance system for health care workers (HCW) and related workers was developed and implemented by this project. (cdc.gov)
  • Findings from the different descriptive, analytical, and prevention evaluation studies using the DHSSS should be generalizable and have broad application to other health care settings. (cdc.gov)
  • therefore, the surveillance model should have broad application to other health care organizations, and possibly other occupational settings. (cdc.gov)
  • Primary care providers (PCPs) can reduce the number of preventable cardiovascular-related deaths by discussing health-related lifestyle behaviors and promoting behavior change with their patients (16). (cdc.gov)
  • Correspondingly, primary care centers that incorporate patient-reported health behaviors such as SSB consumption into their electronic health record (EHR) systems can share this information with public health agencies and help them coordinate health promotion among patients and other populations (17,18). (cdc.gov)
  • What are the equity, efficiency, cost containment and choice implications of private health-care funding in western Europe? (bvsalud.org)
  • Over the last 20 years the level of private spending on health care has risen in many western European countries, leading to concern about its impact. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some 84 percent of the country's 50 million people depend on public hospitals and clinics, which are greatly overburdened despite the state's health spending accounting for 8.5 percent of gross domestic product. (expatica.com)
  • The scheme also covers private hospital staff/retired/volunteer/ local urban bodies/contract/daily wage/ ad-hoc/outsourced staff requisitioned by states/central hospitals/autonomous hospitals of central/states/union territories, AIIMS and INIs/hospitals of central ministries drafted for COVID-19 related responsibilities. (newindianexpress.com)
  • Both government and some private hospitals will be a part of this scheme which has been cleared by the cabinet on Friday,' Kamat said. (aarogya.com)
  • It is always common that hospitals send fantastic bills or are in collusion with the users of the scheme. (com.ng)
  • They could also send relations or members of the public who are not covered by insurance schemes to hospitals and forward the bills to the insurance scheme for settlement. (com.ng)
  • Other abuses are in the areas of prolongation of stay in the hospitals as an ordinary healthy person could decide to go to the hospital to get some rest and pass the bill to the scheme to pay. (com.ng)
  • In spite of the Lagos State Government's directive to state-owned General Hospitals and Primary Health Centres not to collect antenatal and delivery service fees. (punchng.com)
  • Benefits of the scheme are portable across the country and a beneficiary covered under the scheme will be allowed to take cashless benefits from any public/private empanelled hospitals across the country. (enskyar.com)
  • A descriptive cross-sectional research design was utilised to investigate the cost of wound dressing and enrollment into health insurance scheme among hospitalised patients in three selected hospitals of South-West Nigeria. (curationis.org.za)
  • 4. Encouraging results have been registered in terms of an increase in the number of health centers and hospitals and enhancing quality of services, including the role of the private sector in expanding healthcare access in the country. (who.int)
  • he may correct his statement since Kerala is a member of the scheme and signed the MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) on November 2, 2018," the health minister said. (indiatimes.com)
  • J. Public Health Africa (Online);9(1): 54-59, 2018. (bvsalud.org)
  • Subsequently, the state government is making a sincere effort at allocating suitable budget to boost health and medical conditions in all the hospital centers of the state. (policybazaar.com)
  • This study examined the relationships between SSB consumption and demographic, health behavior, health service, and health condition characteristics of adult patients of a network of federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in a low-income, urban setting. (cdc.gov)
  • The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationships between SSB consumption and demographic, health behavior, health service, and health condition characteristic variables of adult patients served by a network of hospital-affiliated federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in a low-income urban setting. (cdc.gov)
  • Soon, the govt will make provisions for the enrollmeent of the rest of the J&K population under the scheme. (pmmodiyojanaye.in)
  • We have outlined the structure of a contributory and cashless health insurance scheme for the public servants and their eligible family members initially for a block period of 5 years. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Available at home or in a Bupa health centre across the UK. (bupa.co.uk)
  • She further said the state had received Rs 25 crore as the first installment (from the Centre) and chief minister Vijayan had inaugurated the state-wide distribution of health cards under the scheme on March 5. (indiatimes.com)
  • These include pregnant women, elderly persons and children under 5 years currently enjoying services from private under the Basic Healthcare Provision Fund disbursed through Ebonyi State Health Insurance Agency to primary healthcare facilities spread across the 13 local government areas (LGAs) in our state of Ebonyi. (ebonyitimesnews.com)
  • The Deputy Speaker of the Imo State House of Assembly and member representing Nwangele Constituency, Rt Hon. Amarachi Chyna Iwuanyanwu has urged his constituents in Nwangele Local Government Area to avail themselves of the opportunity provided by the ongoing enrollment of eligible vulnerable persons into the special health insurance scheme, known as Basic Healthcare Provision Fund. (dezmayorz.org)
  • We conducted a mixed-methods impact evaluation using a quasi-experimental design and estimated intent-to-treat impacts on health insurance enrolment among children and adults. (bmj.com)
  • Barriers to enrolment and retention included: poverty, traditional risk-sharing arrangements influence people to enrol or renew their membership only when they need healthcare, dissatisfaction about health providers' behaviour and service delivery challenges. (ijhpm.com)
  • National Disability Insurance Scheme participants say they get charged more than double the cost for the same service an able-bodied person could get from an allied health professional, an independent review into the $35 billion-a-year scheme has highlighted. (afr.com)
  • The reduced earning capacity allowance is equal to the minimum allowance that the disability insurance scheme of the Swiss Confederation would pay in the same circumstances, regardless of the State of residence of the eligible person. (cern.ch)
  • In this post, we will explore the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana, its key features , benefits , and the process of enrollment. (infopeeps.com)
  • National Health Insurance Policy Framework for Ghana. (ijhpm.com)
  • A major health insurance program in Ghana that the World Bank is pushing as a success model for other developing countries is severely flawed and not working for most Ghanaians, according to a new report by international agency Oxfam and Ghanaian NGOs. (oxfam.org)
  • It's time for the Bank to take off its blinkers and help Ghana do the right thing, and to stop promoting an inequitable health insurance system to other developing countries. (oxfam.org)
  • Nobody should pay with their life or suffer ill health because they are poor but this is still happening in Ghana," said Bishop Akolgo, of the Ghanaian NGO ISODEC. (oxfam.org)
  • Speaking at the occasion held at Dutse General Hospital, the state Governor Alhaji Muhammad Badaru Abubakar said, the scheme is aimed at ensuring every person get access to basic healthcare services in respect of his economic status or geographical location. (stalliontimes.com)
  • Earlier speaking, Dr Fatima Atiku, the state Commissioner for Health, said that the scheme was introduced to tackle the magnitude of challenge facing healthcare delivery and access in the state. (searchngr.com)
  • A competitive public health system may help in containing costs and the corresponding fiscal burden. (epw.in)
  • Second, Uganda abolished formal user fees in 2001 in all public health units (with the exception of private hospital wings) to eliminate financial access barriers [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I conclude that the provision of public health insurance improves the financial protection of households, which removes the necessity for households to send their children to work. (idos-research.de)
  • Foodborne pathogens are of public health concern worldwide ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Source: National Institute of Public Health, National Registry of Occupational Diseases. (who.int)
  • Better understanding the sociodemographic and behavioral factors of this high-risk population can help public health and clinical systems improve efforts to reduce SSB consumption. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite the reduction in the severity and prevalence of the disease, caries still has gradually increased with age and remains a problem of public health 15 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In the Central African Republic (CAR) malaria is a major public health problem and hampers socioeconomic development. (bvsalud.org)
  • The main channels of private spending are private health insurance policies and cost-sharing schemes in public health systems. (bvsalud.org)
  • b School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia. (who.int)
  • c Western Sydney Local Health District Public Health Unit, New South Wales, Australia. (who.int)
  • e Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District Public Health Unit, New South Wales, Australia. (who.int)
  • The outcomes of the interviews and the subsequent clinics highlighted the potential of churches as a venue for providing public health interventions such as catch-up immunization. (who.int)
  • Rawat further informed he had instructed top officials in the state health and family welfare and finance departments to create a proposal for increasing the threshold amount and evaluate the additional financial constraint on the state exchequer if the increment is applied. (policybazaar.com)
  • A senior IAS officer in Health and Family Welfare department alleged, "Once the threshold amount is increased to Rs.2 Lakhs, the possibility of people availing the scheme will easily touch 50 Lakhs. (policybazaar.com)
  • Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan told a press briefing it would be funded through various sources including tax revenue, mandatory contributions from employers, payments from individuals for services not covered by the scheme, and potential partnerships with the private sector. (expatica.com)
  • This is not only a burden to people using private health services, but a disservice to our country as a whole because it distorts pricing across the board," he said. (expatica.com)
  • The main role of this body is to manage insurance fund, carry the risk and to monitor and supervise the health services to be provided under the scheme. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Records of published articles in the newspapers helps common people about precautions to be taken while seeking the services from health professionals and also helps health professionals to rectify the negligence. (aarogya.com)
  • The review, which was co-chaired by Professor Bruce Bonyhady and Lisa Paul and released 10 years after the inception of the scheme, argues that reforming price caps could significantly improve the outcome and supply of services for participants, according to a review paper. (afr.com)
  • Badaru said the high cost of healthcare services has been a challenge to families, low-income individuals and other vulnerable segments of the society, maintaining that, the Health Insurance Scheme would help in providing everlasting solution to the challenges. (stalliontimes.com)
  • With the launch of the SEHAT Health Insurance Scheme, all the UT families will be covered for the healthcare services at zero cost. (pmmodiyojanaye.in)
  • Providing better and quality health services to the J&K public, PM Modi announced the SEHAT Health Scheme. (pmmodiyojanaye.in)
  • The insurance scheme health services have been playing dominant role in improving health services in Nigeria. (com.ng)
  • This research work was carried out to survey the problems, abuses and effect of insurance scheme in health services. (com.ng)
  • Finally, to ensure that good health services can be spread to the poor and rich by payment of premium. (com.ng)
  • The Government Health Insurance Scheme is a public service scheme funded by the Central and State Governments and administered by the State Health Economic and Administrative Service/State Health Services Departments. (whatsappsstatusvideos.com)
  • However, despite billions pumped into the scheme since its inception 18 years ago, millions of Nigerians still lack access to quality healthcare services. (cloudfront.net)
  • Among her other duties, Oganesyan was responsible for verifying insurance eligibility and obtaining authorization for drugs, procedures, services, and tests. (medscape.com)
  • Health claims extraction and HIPAA compliant file generation services for this project are provided by the outside contractor used by Duke Human Resources for health claims data processing. (cdc.gov)
  • The poor governance in Cameroonian health districts stems from a lack of clear and consistent operating procedures for district governing bodies and health services, power imbalance between district managers and community representatives, and insufficient knowledge of the existing legal and regulatory fr. (bvsalud.org)
  • Goa has announced a universal health scheme under which every family in Goa will be covered for first and secondary health aid up to Rs 60,000. (aarogya.com)
  • States would need to have State Health Agency (SHA) to implement the scheme. (enskyar.com)
  • In accordance with Article V 2.02, the amount of any benefit of the same nature received as a result of compulsory membership of a national social security scheme will be deducted from the reduced earning capacity allowance. (cern.ch)
  • Thailand even allows undocumented migrants to opt into its Compulsory Migrant Health Insurance scheme, while Malaysia and Singapore are still yet to consider including migrants in their government-run UHC systems. (bvsalud.org)
  • ABSTRACT Access to essential medicines is an element of the international agreements on the human right to health. (who.int)
  • National Health Insurance Scheme refers to a health insurance program set up by the National government. (wikipedia.org)
  • South Africa announced Thursday it has approved plans for a national health insurance scheme that will generate billions of dollars in funding for the beleaguered public medical system. (expatica.com)
  • These first steps towards establishing National Health Insurance or NHI are truly historic," Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi said. (expatica.com)
  • Only 17.6 percent of people have private health insurance, which reaches 71 percent of whites but just 10.3 percent of blacks, according to the national statistics agency. (expatica.com)
  • The scheme has been rolled out to cover 10 crore underprivileged households and offers a benefit package that is wider than any other scheme at the national level. (epw.in)
  • First, the drive for a health insurance policy has been sustained by the ruling National Resistance Movement (NRM), in power for over 25 years, and this has contributed to a strong sense of government ownership and deep institutional knowledge. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1. To examine the feasibility of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Nigeria. (com.ng)
  • National Health Insurance Scheme website. (ijhpm.com)
  • National Health Insurance Act: Act 852. (ijhpm.com)
  • National Health Insurance Regulations. (ijhpm.com)
  • National Health Insurance Authority. (ijhpm.com)
  • Rather than two-thirds of the population being covered by the program, as the Ghanaian National Health Insurance Authority and World Bank have claimed, in reality fewer than one in five Ghanaians could be benefiting. (oxfam.org)
  • The government must move to a national health system free at the point of delivery for all - a service based on need and rights and not ability to pay. (oxfam.org)
  • If you'd like to continue to benefit from Bupa health cover after leaving your job, you can do so in a few, simple steps. (bupa.co.uk)
  • In his speech, the Executive Secretary of the Scheme, Dr. Nura Ibrahim Kazaure said over 40,000 civil servants of the state have been registered under the scheme while about 200,000 of their dependants would also benefit from the exercise. (stalliontimes.com)
  • We are also working towards implementing an explicit benefit package and having social health insurance. (who.int)
  • To make even more money in this scheme, Tholen admitted, he and others submitted false entries for other employees and their eligible dependents, in exchange for receiving a portion of the fraudulent gift card proceeds. (justice.gov)
  • Hence, the rest of the 21 lacs families were not eligible for the benefits of the AB-PMJAY Scheme. (pmmodiyojanaye.in)
  • As of now, only the SECC 2011 registered residents are considered eligible for the scheme. (pmmodiyojanaye.in)
  • The experiences of two of the earliest and largest GSHI schemes of the country implemented in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are examined. (epw.in)
  • Reacting to it, Shylaja, in a statement here, said Kerala was already a member of the scheme. (indiatimes.com)
  • He pledged to work with all relevant stakeholders in the state and the Federal level to ensure well-equipped, functional and responsive Health Centres in each of the 171 wards in the state. (ebonyitimesnews.com)
  • She pointed out that Modi had said it was unfortunate that Kerala did not join the scheme and therefore, many poor people of the state would not get its benefits. (indiatimes.com)
  • Kamat said that those wanting to avail the scheme will be given a card on the basis of which the benefits will be availed. (aarogya.com)
  • For UT Jammu and Kashmir , the Prime Minister extends the benefits of the scheme, specifically to the residents of UT via the launch of yet another scheme called the J&K SEHAT Health Insurance Scheme . (pmmodiyojanaye.in)
  • Apart from this, one of the significant features of the scheme is that the SEHAT Golden cardholders can avail themselves of the benefits and access free healthcare treatments in any PMJAY registered hospital across the country. (pmmodiyojanaye.in)
  • Considering this scenario, various sectors have started to explore various benefits associated with senior citizen health insurance schemes. (whatsappsstatusvideos.com)
  • This will result in the availability of sufficient fund to pay for the healthcare insurance premiums of poor pregnant women, children and men in the state," she said. (searchngr.com)
  • Ogun state governor, Prince Dapo Abiodun will on Thursday launch the basic health provision fund and Health Insurance scheme. (com.ng)
  • Arhin-Tenkorang D. Health insurance for the informal sector in Africa: Design features, risk protection and resource mobilisation . (ijhpm.com)
  • 3. To examine any other matter which in the consideration of the committee is deemed relevant to the operation of a workable health insurance scheme in Nigeria. (com.ng)
  • Nigeria Health Blog is a research-based health site that specializes in Science-Backed facts about diseases and treatments, cost of surgeries, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and anatomy of the Human Body with the aim of enlightening, educating, and informing the public. (com.ng)
  • In 2010, community based health insurance scheme (CBHIS) was launched in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria . (bvsalud.org)
  • Governor Badaru noted that, financing healthcare delivery requires efficient and prudent management of resources and the Scheme has provided it through involving various get keepers, and accountability mechanism from the public, community, government and private sector. (stalliontimes.com)
  • Stakeholders, notably the private sector, played an important role in influencing the pace of the development process and the currently proposed design of the scheme. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Private sector participation is through the employer, who shall share the premium payable for the scheme in such a manner as will from time to time be prescribed by the scheme. (gov.ng)
  • He listed the employment of 2,307 various health workers, production of skilled workforce and improvement of planning and coordination in health sector as achievements recorded by his outgoing administration. (searchngr.com)
  • The presence of elderly people in society has made the health insurance sector an important area for governments. (whatsappsstatusvideos.com)
  • However, such reforms will require strong political decisions from agencies outside the health sector that govern migration and labor policies. (bvsalud.org)
  • We have employed two thousand three hundred and seven (2,307) health workers including 373 nurses and midwives, 23 medical doctors, 13 pharmacists, 17 laboratory scientists and 566 healthcare workers at the local government primary health clinics. (sunnewsonline.com)
  • But he said the scheme was not a war between the public and private sectors and that the government did not aim to abolish private health insurance. (expatica.com)
  • The analysis assumes importance because the AB-PMJAY has been rolled out at a time when public spending on health receives a low priority, and fiscal space is limited at both levels of government. (epw.in)
  • I take it for granted that, constitutionally, the federal government could not just require all private health insurers to liquidate tomorrow, without compensation. (wcvarones.com)
  • Inaugurating the scheme on Monday in Yola, Bindow said it was established over a year ago when the state government signed contract agreement with Pharm Access Foundation. (searchngr.com)
  • But before I delve into the steps that will be taken by the Nigerian government to institute a health insurance scheme, it is necessary to have an idea of what the federal government and some state governments have done in the area of health insurance scheme for the country and some states. (com.ng)
  • THE health insurance scheme started by the state government under the aegis of Bhai Ghanaiya Sewa Society seems to be flawed. (aarogya.com)
  • Countries can choose from among multiple prepayment arrangements that include allocations from general government revenues, obligatory health insurance, voluntary health insurance and medical saving accounts. (who.int)
  • More often today, it refers to a variety of ways of raising and pooling money that involve a mix between obligatory insurance contributions and general government revenues.1 This change has come about in high-income countries as populations have aged and the ratio of workers, who pay contributions, to dependents, who do not, has fallen. (who.int)
  • Annual payment of health insurance premium was preferred by 91 (59.9%) of enrolled respondents , 92 (60.1%) enrolled in the scheme because they perceived it to be a cheap way to access healthcare . (bvsalud.org)
  • For many survey respondents, health insurance is a complex topic, and some inconsistencies in survey response are expected. (cdc.gov)
  • Many people in this age category do not want to deal with a private health insurance plan, because the premium is not affordable. (whatsappsstatusvideos.com)
  • This manual consists of lists of names of private health insurance plans and public programs and plans. (cdc.gov)
  • As noted above, fields that are the same as in 1995 are in the same locations, but many old recode fields pertaining to private health insurance have been left blank as a result of the change in the plan coding. (cdc.gov)
  • The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies defines it as a legally mandatory system that covers the majority or the entire population through health insurance run by a designated third-party payer, and involves non- risk-related contributions that are kept separate from taxes. (who.int)