Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, repeating units or repeats) are short or long patterns of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
Some of these repeated sequences are necessary for maintaining important genome structures such as telomeres or centromeres. (wikipedia.org)
The disposition of repetitive elements throughout the genome can consist either in directly adjacent arrays called tandem repeats or in repeats dispersed throughout the genome called interspersed repeats. (wikipedia.org)
While some repeated DNA sequences are important for cellular functioning and genome maintenance, other repetitive sequences can be harmful. (wikipedia.org)
However, an abundance of neutral repeats can still influence genome evolution as they accumulate over time. (wikipedia.org)
Overall, repeated sequences are an important area of focus because they can provide insight into human diseases and genome evolution. (wikipedia.org)
Tandem repeats are repeated sequences which are directly adjacent to each other in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
Tandem repeats have a wide variety of biological functions in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to playing an important role in recombination, tandem repeats also play important structural roles in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
A total of 114 unique genes, distributed in 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs, were annotated in each of the Ficus CP genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Tandem repeats and mononucleotide simple sequence repeat (SSR) are widely distributed across the Ficus CP genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Chloroplast genome sizes vary slightly due to expansion and contraction of the IR region. (biomedcentral.com)
Objectives: Present study was conducted to study and compare the complete chloroplast sequence of G. thurberi, analyses of its genome structure, gene content and organization, repeat sequence and codon usage and comparison with two cultivated allotetraploid sequenced cotton species. (ijbiotech.com)
The map of genome structure and gene distribution were carried out using OGDRAW V1.1. (ijbiotech.com)
The plastidic genome has 113 single genes and 20 duplicated genes. (ijbiotech.com)
Despite the high level of conservation in cp genome SSRs ,these are useful in analysis of genetic diversity due to their greater efficiency as opposed to genomic SSRs. (ijbiotech.com)
Chloroplasts have low mutation rate with great deal of conservation in their genome size and structure, gene content and organization. (ijbiotech.com)
Few differences have been reported in the same species, but significant differences could be detected between the different species in genome size and gene orientation (5). (ijbiotech.com)
The importance of microsatellites for plant genome analysis has been highlighted on several occasions (Varshney et al. (springeropen.com)
Subsequently, development of online databases like GenBank led to the generation of Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) derived-SSRs (eSSRs) which are present in transcribed regions of the genome. (springeropen.com)
Variations2
Progressively more numbers of microsatellites are being linked to genes associated with adaptive and functional variations, therefore making their utility broader in genetic applications. (springeropen.com)
Similar studies in eucalypts may provide new insights into the genetic architecture of transcript-level variations and post transcriptional gene regulation. (springeropen.com)
Sequences4
Repeated sequences are categorized into different classes depending on features such as structure, length, location, origin, and mode of multiplication. (wikipedia.org)
McClintock's work set the stage for the discovery of repeated sequences because transposition, centromere structure, and telomere structure are all possible through repetitive elements, yet this was not fully understood at the time. (wikipedia.org)
Many repeat sequences are likely to be non-functional, decaying remnants of Transposable elements, these have been labelled "junk" or "selfish" DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Among 23,691 non-redundant identified ESTs, 1949 SSR motifs harboring 2 to 6 nucleotides with varied repeat motifs were discovered from 1676 assembled sequences. (geneticsmr.com)
Nucleotides3
Tandem repeats may vary in the number of nucleotides comprising the repeated sequence, as well as the number of times the sequence repeats. (wikipedia.org)
When the repeating sequence is only 2-10 nucleotides long, the repeat is referred to as a short tandem repeat (STR) or microsatellite. (wikipedia.org)
When the repeating sequence is 10-60 nucleotides long, the repeat is referred to as a minisatellite. (wikipedia.org)
Markers4
In this study, expressed sequence tag (EST)-based simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed from 40,362 Jerusalem artichoke ESTs retrieved from the NCBI database. (geneticsmr.com)
Our results indicate that these newly characterized EST-SSR markers may be useful in the exploration of genetic diversity and range expansion of the Jerusalem artichoke, and in cross-species application for the genus Helianthus . (geneticsmr.com)
The markers most commonly used are simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers. (geneticsmr.com)
One of the most frequently used DNA markers in eucalypts since 1996 are microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) (Byrne et al. (springeropen.com)
Locus1
For minisatellites and microsatellites, the number of times the sequence repeats at a single locus can range from twice to hundreds of times. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic diversity1
Levels and patterns of genetic diversity and the range expansion of Jerusalem artichoke remain largely unknown. (geneticsmr.com)
Species1
Recent evidences suggest that the presence of SSRs in micro RNAs of plant species play a role in the quantitative trait expression. (springeropen.com)
Regions2
In addition, these CP genomes showed variation in their inverted repeat regions (IR). (biomedcentral.com)
Most plastidic genomes have four regions, namely large single copy region (LSC, 80 Kb), small single copy region (SSC, 20 kb) and two inverted repeat regions (IR, 25 kb). (ijbiotech.com)
Importance1
In the 1990s, more research was conducted to elucidate the evolutionary dynamics of minisatellite and microsatellite repeats because of their importance in DNA-based forensics and molecular ecology. (wikipedia.org)
Highly2
These repeats fold into highly organized G quadruplex structures which protect the ends of chromosomal DNA from degradation. (wikipedia.org)
Further, highly informative SSRs were used for the clonal identity, genetic fidelity and in certification of breeder's rights. (springeropen.com)
Important1
Eucalyptus genetic linkage maps generated with microsatellite loci were used successfully to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for various economically important traits. (springeropen.com)
Presence1
The presence of repeated sequence DNA makes it easier for areas of homology to align, thereby controlling when and where recombination occurs. (wikipedia.org)
Significant1
In many organisms, a significant fraction of the genomic DNA is repetitive, with over two-thirds of the sequence consisting of repetitive elements in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Potential2
DNA-dispersed repeats were increasingly recognized as a potential source of genetic variation and regulation. (wikipedia.org)
This review on eucalypts microsatellites, highlights the availability and characteristics of genomic and eSSRs and their potential in genetic analysis of natural and breeding populations and also discusses the future prospects in population genetics and marker assisted selection. (springeropen.com)
Region1
The large single copy region is 88,737 bp, and the small single copy region is 20,271 bp whereas the inverted repeat is 25,628 bp each. (ijbiotech.com)