Left: Inner hair cells (IHC, yellow) in the inner ear are excited by sound and activate spiral ganglionneurons (SGN, green). (icrea.cat)
Accordingly, we treated postnatal day 3 rat cochlear organotypic cultures with various doses and durations of CoCl2 and quantified the damage to the hair cells, peripheral auditory nerve fibers, and spiral ganglionneurons (SGN). (cdc.gov)
These results identify hair cells and spiral ganglionneurons as the main targets of Co ototoxicity in vitro and implicate the superoxide radical as a trigger of caspase-mediated ototoxicity. (cdc.gov)
Yet, the firing rate in each of their postsynaptic spiral ganglionneurons (SGNs) encodes only a fraction of it. (mbexc.de)
As a population, spiral ganglionneurons with their respective individual coding fractions cover the entire audible range. (mbexc.de)
Complexins were not detectable in cochlear hair cells but CPX I was expressed in spiral ganglionneurons (SGNs) that give rise to the auditory nerve. (le.ac.uk)
Hearing over a wide range of sound intensities is thought to require complementary coding by functionally diverse spiral ganglionneurons (SGNs), each changing its firing rate only over a limited sub-range. (uni-goettingen.de)
Inner hair cells (IHC) are responsible for transforming mechanical sound-borne vibrations into electrical signals and conveying this information to the afferent spiral ganglionneurons (SGNs). (uni-goettingen.de)
abstract = "During the development of periphery auditory circuits, spiral ganglionneurons (SGNs) extend their neurites to innervate cochlear hair cells (HCs) with their soma aggregated into a cluster spatially segregated from the cochlear sensory epithelium. (edu.sa)
Photosensitization of cochlear spiral ganglionneurons (SGNs) by locally administered TCPfast enabled temporally precise light-evoked SGN firing up to a rate of approximately 1 kHz, thus matching the fastest optogenetic SGN stimulation. (unimi.it)
Sound detected by a single auditory hair cell is relayed by 10-30 type I spiral ganglionneurons (SGNs), the primary sensory neurons of the auditory system, to the central nervous system. (hopkinsyidp.org)
The activation of ligand-gated ionotropic P2X receptors and G protein-coupled metabotropic P2Y receptors has been reported to induce an increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in inner hair cells (IHCs), outer hair cells (OHCs), spiral ganglionneurons (SGNs), and supporting cells in the cochlea. (sagepub.com)
In this study, in situ hybridization in the mouse cochlea suggests that Slit2 and its receptor, Robo1/2, exhibit apparently complementary expression patterns in the spiral ganglion and its nearby region, the spiral limbus. (edu.sa)
Molecularly distinct subtypes2
We postulate that an interplay of synaptic heterogeneity, molecularly distinct subtypes of SGNs, and efferent modulation serves the neural decomposition of sound information and thus contributes to a population code for sound intensity. (mbexc.de)
In Ulrich Mueller's lab , I demonstrated that type I SGNs consist of three molecularly distinct subtypes (named type IA, type IB and type IC), using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). (hopkinsyidp.org)
Neuron2
Although the etiologies of hearing loss are diverse, hair cell (HC) damage and/or loss as well as spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) degeneration represent the most common causes. (biomedgrid.com)
For example, experiments with guinea pigs have shown that spiral-ganglion neuron (SGN) survival is positively correlated with the maximum ECAP amplitude, the IPG effect on the ECAP amplitude, and with the slope of the ECAP Amplitude Growth Function (AGF) (Prado-Guitierrez et al. (springer.com)
Auditory nerve1
As a result, transmembrane potential of the SGNs exceeds threshold value and fires the action potential through the auditory nerve which gives the hearing sensation to the profoundly deaf people. (embs.org)
Brainstem1
HCs and SGNs serve as crucial sensors for aud itory function, with the former responsible for converting external sound signals into electrical impulses that are transmitted to the brainstem via SGNs [4]. (biomedgrid.com)
Heterogeneity1
Simulation results suggest that various tissues map different degree of heterogeneity around SGNs in a given accommodation. (embs.org)
Cells8
CoCl2 increased expression of superoxide radical in hair cells and SGNs and SGN loss was characterized by nuclear condensation and fragmentation, morphological features of apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
The protein expression profile, morphological characteristics, and electrophysiological properties of SGN-like cells in otic organoids were similar to those of primary SGNs. (elsevierpure.com)
Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of inner hair cells and sound encoding by SGNs were unaffected in CPX I knock-out mice. (le.ac.uk)
Deafness mutations that disrupt hair cell mechanotransduction and glutamatergic communications from hair cells to SGNs disrupt this SGN subtype specification. (hopkinsyidp.org)
The complex spiral organ structure of these cells makes them more susceptible to getting damaged, which can result in permanent hearing loss [7]. (biomedgrid.com)
Recent studies showed that extracellular ATP induced nitric oxide (NO) production in IHCs, OHCs, and SGNs, which affects the ATP-induced Ca2+ response via the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway in those cells by a feedback mechanism. (sagepub.com)
I also consider the possible role of NO in the ATP-induced Ca2+ signalling in SGNs and supporting cells. (sagepub.com)
Morphometric studies suggest that type-1 SGNs are surrounded by heterogeneously distributed tissues such as satellite glial cells, Schwan cells, myelinated central axons and type-2 SGNs in the Rosenthal's canal. (embs.org)
Precise1
Our results suggest that Slit/Robo signaling imposes a restriction force on SGNs to ensure their precise positioning for correct SGN-HC innervations. (edu.sa)
Diverse1
Here, we discuss mechanisms for generating the diverse functional properties of SGNs and formulate testable hypotheses. (mbexc.de)
Main1
Mispositioned SGNs were found to scatter in the space between the cochlear epithelium and the main body of spiral ganglion, and the neurites of mispositioned SGNs were misrouted and failed to innervate HCs. (edu.sa)
Studies1
However, existing in silico studies could not satisfactorily explain why most of the SGNs in same accommodation and vicinity of the stimulating electrode respond differently to the applied electric field. (embs.org)
Response1
This in turn leads to the asymmetric response of SGNs to the applied electric field. (embs.org)
Afferent1
In EphA7 deletion mice, there was a reduction in the number of inner radial bundles originating from SGNs and projecting to HCs as well as in the number of ribbon synapses on inner hair cells (IHCs), as compared with wild-type or heterozygous mutant mice, attributable to fewer type I afferent fibers. (edu.sa)
Sensory hair cells2
There has therefore been intense interest in the use of neurotrophic factors in the inner ear to promote both survival of SGNs and re-wiring of sensory hair cells by surviving SGNs. (frontiersin.org)
SGNs translate neurotransmitter release from mechano-sensory hair cells into action potentials, which are propagated along their neurites forming the main body of the auditory nerve. (eneuro.org)
Outgrowth1
In vitro analysis further suggested that the reduced innervation of HCs by SGNs could be attributed to a role of EphA7 in regulating outgrowth of SGN neurites as knocking down EphA7 in SGNs resulted in diminished SGN fibers. (edu.sa)
Subtypes2
During postnatal development, the spatiotemporal distribution of ion channel subtypes contributes to the maturation of action potential generation in SGNs, and to their ability to generate spike patterns that follow rapidly changing inputs. (eneuro.org)
Trajectory analysis indicates that SGNs initially split into two precursor types (Type 1A/2 and Type 1B/C), followed by subsequent splits to give rise to four transcriptionally distinct subtypes. (nih.gov)
Murine1
Here, we present a transcriptional analysis of approximately 5,500 single murine SGNs collected across four developmental time points. (nih.gov)
Cochlear3
Our findings support the promise of hydroxyapatite-targeting bisphosphonate conjugation as a novel strategy to deliver neurotrophic agents to SGNs encased within cochlear bone. (frontiersin.org)
The bipolar SGNs send their peripheral processes to synapse on the hair cells in the sensory epithelia while their central processes traverse the modiolus, exit the temporal bone via the internal auditory meatus and synapse in the cochlear nuclei of the brainstem. (cdc.gov)
By performing RNA-sequencing for different types of cochlear cell, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry, we found that EphA7 was strongly expressed in a large subset of SGNs. (edu.sa)
Neuronal1
The data identify I NaP and I NaR as novel regulators of excitability in SGNs, and consistent with their roles in other neuronal types, we suggest that these nonclassical Na + currents may contribute to the control of refractoriness in the auditory nerve. (eneuro.org)
Mice1
Here we describe tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Na + currents in SGNs cultured from mice, whose properties may support this fast spiking behavior. (eneuro.org)
Hair3
Our results provide the first evidence that a small molecule analogue of NT-3 can stimulate SGNs and promote regeneration of synapses between SGNs and inner hair cells. (frontiersin.org)
Postnatally, BDNF and NT-3 are mainly expressed in supporting cells and hair cells and interact with their respective tropomyosin receptor kinase receptors (Trks), TrkB for BDNF, and TrkC for NT-3, which are expressed by SGNs. (frontiersin.org)
However, more research is still needed to improve the protocol for differentiating stem cells into hair cells and SGNs. (genesispub.org)
Sound1
Auditory nerve recordings from a number of mammalian species have revealed that SGNs can fire spontaneously in the absence of sound, and that they increase their firing rate in response to presented tones, with the initial rate being proportional to the sound intensity ( Heil and Peterson, 2015 ). (eneuro.org)