Risk severity of illness index. Medical search. Frequent questions

Diagnosis-related group (DRG) Risk of mortality (ROM) Case mix index (CMI) Diagnosis code Wynn, Barbara O. (wikipedia.org)
Judging hospitals by severity-adjusted mortality rates: the case of CABG surgery. (umassmed.edu)
Judging hospitals by severity-adjusted mortality rates: the influence of the severity-adjustment method. (umassmed.edu)
Predicting in-hospital mortality for stroke patients: results differ across severity-measurement methods. (umassmed.edu)
Differences in procedure use, in-hospital mortality, and illness severity by gender for acute myocardial infarction patients: are answers affected by data source and severity measure? (umassmed.edu)
Using severity-adjusted stroke mortality rates to judge hospitals. (umassmed.edu)
Develop, as a proof of concept, a recurrent neural network model using electronic medical records data capable of continuously assessing an individual child's risk of mortality throughout their ICU stay as a proxy measure of severity of illness. (lww.com)
A study in the British Medical Journal found 70 percent of people with a low risk of COVID-19 mortality had impairments in one or more organs four months after their initial symptoms. (integrisok.com)
Results Mean age was 81.8 Â± 6.2 years, 64.9% were women, the mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality was 5.5 Â± 4.5%, and 33.9% of patients were deemed frail. (hunimed.eu)
In retrospective, observational research from an infectious disease clinic in Belgrade, an international team of investigators reported conditions including hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) were associated with increased rates of COVID-19-related mortality-while cirrhosis was considered an independent risk factor for death due to COVID-19. (hcplive.com)

H1N1pdm09 virus infection in the past has caused severe illness in some children and young- and middle-aged adults. (cdc.gov)

Severity measurement methods and judging hospital death rates for pneumonia. (umassmed.edu)
Using severity measures to predict the likelihood of death for pneumonia inpatients. (umassmed.edu)
Does severity explain differences in hospital length of stay for pneumonia patients? (umassmed.edu)
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) was the second most common nosocomial infection and the leading cause of death in critical illness patients. (researchsquare.com)
This case-control study aimed to compare demographic, treatment, and laboratory data between cases and controls, to explore risk factors of secondary pneumonia and bloodstream infections caused by bacteria or fungal in severe and critical patients hospitalized with COVID-19. (researchsquare.com)
More than a quarter (n = 22 [27.5%]) of patients reported severe pneumonia and/or critical illness. (hcplive.com)

These new algorithms have the potential to identify high risk patients who might benefit from more detailed assessment, closer monitoring or interventions to reduce their risk. (nih.gov)
Florin and colleagues included a wide severity-of-illness range (Respiratory Distress Assessment Index (RDAI)4-15) and utilised the RACS (calculated using change in RDAI and respiratory rate), as short-term proxy outcome for need for hospitalisation. (bmj.com)
METHODS: We analyzed 2020 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from 42 US jurisdictions (n = 41 673). (cdc.gov)
Risk of bias within studies 19 Present data on risk of bias of each study and, if available, any outcome level assessment (see item 12). (cdc.gov)
22 Present results of any assessment of risk of bias across studies (see Item 15). (cdc.gov)
These are known as suicide risk assessment tools. (medlineplus.gov)
Your primary care provider or a mental health provider may also use one or more suicide risk assessment tools. (medlineplus.gov)
A suicide risk assessment tool is type of questionnaire or guideline for providers. (medlineplus.gov)
This is a suicide risk assessment scale that measures four different areas of suicide risk. (medlineplus.gov)

We used a generalised estimating equation with physician as the clustering level to adjust for patient age, gender, Emergency Severity Index (ESI, 1=most severe illness, 5=least severe illness) and 24 hours clock time. (bmj.com)
She was assigned an Emergency Severity Index (ESI) score of 3 and was triaged to the waiting room until a treatment bed became available. (ahrq.gov)

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Modulating Gut Microbiota to Improve Severity? (nih.gov)
Chronic Kidney Disease is a major cause of morbidity and interventions now exist which can reduce risk. (nih.gov)
Importance of clinical measures of disease severity. (umassmed.edu)
The strengths and weaknesses of the existing methods of disease severity correction in the newborn are presented in this review. (bmj.com)
A severity index was created to assess the overall burden of a disease. (cdc.gov)
An important paradox in COPD is that despite the accumulation of leukocytes in the airways with increasing disease severity, there is still a major failure to adequately control and eradicate respiratory pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
The greater frequency and severity of disease will increase the burden on the health care system, the risk of ongoing transmission in the community, and may increase rates of absenteeism and disruptions in the availability of critical products and services in health care and other sectors. (cdc.gov)
Pfizer and BioNTech found that two doses of its vaccine is likely to protect individuals from severe illness caused by the Omicron variant but that a third dose increases the chances of neutralising the disease by 25-fold. (capital.com)
Disease burden due to influenza and other respiratory viral infections is reported on a population level, but clinical scores measuring individual changes in disease severity are urgently needed. (kobv.de)
Areas covered: We present a composite clinical score allowing individual patient data analyses of disease severity based on systematic literature review and WHO-criteria for uncomplicated and complicated disease. (kobv.de)
The ViVI Disease Severity Score mobile application allows physicians to measure disease severity at the point-of care thereby taking clinical trials to the next level. (kobv.de)
Clinicians are reminded to treat suspected influenza in high-risk outpatients, those with progressive disease, and all hospitalized patients with antiviral medications as soon as possible, regardless of negative rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) results and without waiting for RT-PCR testing results. (cdc.gov)
Risk-stratified postnatal care of newborns with congenital heart disease determined by fetal echocardiography. (gwu.edu)
International data show conditions including cirrhosis and alcohol-associated liver disease significantly drive the likelihood of critical illness and death in COVID-19 patients. (hcplive.com)
Led by Nikola Mitrovic, of the department of hepatology and clinic for infectious and tropical disease at the University Clinical Center of Serbia, investigators sought the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and chronic liver disease, as well as their associated risk factors in instances of severe outcomes. (hcplive.com)
Prospective multicentric studies still underway indicate that persons with a terminal liver disease-cirrhosis, have a greater risk of poorer prognosis," they wrote. (hcplive.com)
Mitrovic and colleagues analyzed the severity of chronic liver disease and its associated comorbidities, the severity of COVID-19 and associated outcomes, as well as patient demographics. (hcplive.com)
Although severe malaria is life-threaten- area that has one of the main dams in the ing to children, there is limited information country which irrigates the Gezira agricul- available on the severity of the disease, tural scheme. (who.int)
As it is located the clinical and epidemiological features on the border with Ethiopia in the east of of the disease before and on admission to Sudan, Gedaref has witnessed a great influx hospital, management in hospital, outcome of refugees from Ethiopia due to drought of the disease and associated risk factors and war. (who.int)
1, 2, 3 Older adults, including those with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes and chronic heart and lung disease, are at increased risk of severe RSV illness and drive the majority of RSV hospitalisations. (pipelinereview.com)
At a presentation during the virtual European Psychiatric Association (EPA) 2021 Congress, researchers discussed the role that calcium homeostasis may play in bipolar disease severity (see Infographic below). (medscape.com)
Recently, a separate study found that reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with bipolar disease severity and may be viable as a biomarker. (medscape.com)
In a study that included 53 adult patients with bipolar I or II disease, investigators used the Illness Burden Index, a novel measure developed by the research team, to assess patients. (medscape.com)
Results showed that the greater the bipolar disease severity, the lower the HRV. (medscape.com)
Adults at risk for or for severe disease from hepatitis A virus infection should be offered the hepatitis A vaccine to prevent infection. (ny.gov)
Severity of the disease was classified as mild, moderate or severe. (who.int)

In addition to obtaining a history of suicidal behavior, clinicians may find it useful to assess patients' current level of pessimism, aggressive/impulsive traits, and comorbidity with substance use disorders, including nicotine-related disorders, to help identify patients at risk for suicidal behavior after major depression. (unboundmedicine.com)
Interventions such as aggressive pharmacotherapeutic prophylaxis to prevent relapse or recurrence of depressive symptoms may protect such at-risk individuals from future suicidal behavior. (unboundmedicine.com)

Another 2021 study aimed to identify risk factors for poorer COVID-19 outcomes in 1,626 people with MS. The main risk factor for a worse outcome was a higher level of disability. (healthline.com)
Researchers found that an increased level of disability, older age, and pre-existing health conditions were risk factors for poorer COVID-19 outcomes. (healthline.com)
Predicting who dies depends on how severity is measured: implications for evaluating patient outcomes. (umassmed.edu)
The importance of severity of illness adjustment in predicting adverse outcomes in the Medicare population. (umassmed.edu)
Risk adjustment methods can affect perceptions of outcomes. (umassmed.edu)
The primary outcomes were Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale scores: symptom burden and symptom severity. (edu.au)
65% had comorbidities that were known to influence COVID-19 severity and outcomes. (hcplive.com)
HGIVH carries a risk of substantial neurological morbidity, but outcomes in PHH are among the worst in newborn medicine, with up to 85% of infants developing neurodevelopmental delay, visual impairment, cerebral palsy, deafness, or some combination of these (3, 5-7). (researchsquare.com)

Seasonal influenza causes illnesses that range in severity and sometimes lead to hospitalization and death. (who.int)
It can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a severe illness lasting several months. (ny.gov)

These may need to be reduced during acute illness. (rch.org.au)
About 20% of patients with COVID-19 would develop into severe and critical illness (14% and 6%), some of whom occurring serious complications such as dyspnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and septic shock, required hospitalization. (researchsquare.com)
Acute severity of illness was calculated (SAPS II and SOFA scores) on day 1 of admission. (biomedcentral.com)
As part of the life-saving care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU), preterm and very low birth weight infants experience multiple stressors in the neonatal period, such as extended exposure to light and noise, acute and chronic illness, maternal separation, painful invasive procedures, excessive handling, and multiple medications 3,4 . (bvsalud.org)

It causes a respiratory illness, and is to severe and fatal cases. (who.int)
RSV is a common, contagious virus that can lead to potentially serious respiratory illness. (pipelinereview.com)
Conversely, it is the season for respiratory illness, so the recommendations below on how best to protect yourself apply in both cases. (northamptonma.gov)

1 Alternatively, it may be the estimated probability of a specific outcome in a particular infant that is of interest, or the need to identify high risk infants suitable for a particular intervention or for inclusion in a clinical trial. (bmj.com)
However, antiviral treatment might still be beneficial in patients with severe, complicated, or progressive illness, and in hospitalized patients and in some outpatients when started after 48 hours of illness onset, as indicated by clinical and observational studies. (cdc.gov)
The findings also highlight the importance of routinely assessing PTH, vitamin D, and calcium levels in patients with bipolar disorder as a marker of clinical severity, Palummo added. (medscape.com)
Four main clinical variables for bipolar disorder were correlated with reduced HRV: illness duration, lifetime number of depressive episodes, duration of the most severe manic or hypomanic episode, and family history of suicide. (medscape.com)
Medical charts were reviewed to assess infants' clinical illness characteristics at the neonatal phase. (bvsalud.org)

It doesn't appear as if people with multiple sclerosis (MS) have an increased risk of contracting COVID-19 . (healthline.com)
The study concluded that, compared to the general population, people with MS don't seem to have a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 or having a severe COVID-19 outcome. (healthline.com)
Overall, it doesn't appear as if having MS increases your risk of contracting COVID-19 or of having a serious illness due to COVID-19. (healthline.com)
Because these drugs affect the immune system , you may wonder if taking them increases your risk of contracting COVID-19 or becoming seriously ill with COVID-19. (healthline.com)

For patients that are not in a high risk group, treatment focuses on relieving symptoms of influenza such as fever. (who.int)
Patients that are known to be in a group at high risk for developing severe or complicated illness should seek medical attention and should be treated with antiviral drug as soon as possible. (who.int)
Despite ongoing efforts to reduce AECOPD rates with inhaled corticosteroids, COPD patients remain at heightened risk of developing serious lung infections/AECOPD, frequently leading to hospitalization and infection-dependent delirium. (frontiersin.org)
Many of these patients are young, healthy people who initially experienced mild or moderate illness. (integrisok.com)
With COVID-19 patients, living a sedentary lifestyle during the illness can lead to functional losses. (integrisok.com)
What we found was a system that for decades had deceived virtually all of its patients, put many at risk and, by the hospital's own estimate, seriously and often needlessly harmed on average two people a day. (niemanwatchdog.org)
First, not all patients present with the same level of risk, and triaging patients as if they are homogenous risks over- and under-triage. (ahrq.gov)
Clinicians should continue efforts to vaccinate patients this season for as long as influenza viruses are circulating, and promptly start antiviral treatment of severely ill and high-risk patients if influenza is suspected or confirmed. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions TAVR using the next-generation THV is clinically safe and effective for treating older patients with severe AS at increased operative risk. (hunimed.eu)
A majority of patients (61.2%) reported body mass index (BMI) in the range of 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m 2 . (hcplive.com)
Our aim was to identify patients' risk factors for reduced functional capacity at hospital discharge on the first 2 days after ICU admission. (biomedcentral.com)
Any comorbidity was present in 194 (52%) patients, with a Charlson Index of 1 point (0 to 2). (biomedcentral.com)
The BI was calculated for 318 patients who were discharged from hospital: ICU admission index 80 (70 to 100) and discharge 100 (80 to 100). (biomedcentral.com)
0.05) than normal-weight patients, although in all groups sepsis from a suspected pulmonary source was the most common risk factor. (hisci-net.org)
The relative risk of death in obese patients has been estimated to be 1.9 times and 2.7 times that of normal-weight patients for women and men, respectively. (hisci-net.org)

The disruption of intra-neuronal signaling pathway because of critical illness can affect second messenger system and leads to neuronal slowing. (wikidoc.org)

However, the study also found that hospitalization risk was higher in people with MS. (healthline.com)
Introduction: Influenza-Like Illness is a leading cause of hospitalization in children. (kobv.de)
Expert commentary: The ViVI Score was correlated with risk of antibiotic use as well as need for hospitalization and intensive care. (kobv.de)

However, those with MS may have additional factors - such as older age or medical treatments - that increase their risk for a more serious outcome, should they contract the infection. (healthline.com)
The time from infection to illness is about two days. (who.int)
Specifically, the targeting strategy aims to protect those who will: maintain homeland and national security, are essential to the pandemic response and provide care for persons who are ill, maintain essential community services, be at greater risk of infection due to their job, and those who are most medically vulnerable to severe illness such as young children and pregnant women. (cdc.gov)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)

Such decisions should be based on vaccine supply, pandemic severity and impact, potential for disruption of community critical infrastructure, operational considerations, and publicly articulated pandemic vaccination program objectives and principles. (cdc.gov)
Pfizer and BioNTech announced results from early laboratory results that show its vaccine neutralised the Omicron variant of the Covid-19 virus especially with a third booster shot, which brought a risk-on tone to the markets on Wednesday. (capital.com)

There was no objective severity of illness criteria for inclusion, admission or discharge readiness, making clinician bias a potential issue. (bmj.com)
the relative risk of admission was 1.04 in hour 6, (1.02-1.05), 1.03 in hour 7 (1.01-1.05), 1.04 in hour 8 (1.01-1.06) and 1.06 in hour 9 (1.013-1.101). (bmj.com)
Results: Severity of illness on admission, ICU admission, ventilator, central venous catheterization were common in the cases, however almost none of these factors was observed in the controls. (researchsquare.com)
Highest risk of death was associated with delay in seeking treatment and severity of illness before admission. (who.int)

abstract = "Changing definition of TIA from time to a tissue basis questions the validity of the well-established ABCD3-I risk score for recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular events. (kl.ac.at)

However, influenza can cause severe illness or death, particularly among high risk groups including the very young, the elderly, pregnant women, health workers, and those with serious medical conditions. (who.int)
Although the timing and severity of a future pandemic and characteristics of the next pandemic influenza virus strain are not known, it is important to plan and prepare. (cdc.gov)
Influenza activity is increasing across the country and CDC has received reports of severe influenza illness. (cdc.gov)
Clinicians should encourage all persons with influenza-like illness who are at high risk for influenza complications (see list below) to seek care promptly to determine if treatment with influenza antiviral medications is warranted. (cdc.gov)
is at higher risk for influenza complications. (cdc.gov)

This prospective birth cohort followed 150 preterm and 300 term newborns during the first year of life to assess possible differences in risk factors, age at onset, anatomical location, and severity of atopic dermatitis. (regionh.dk)

In this study, weight reduction with intensive risk factor management resulted in a reduction in atrial fibrillation symptom burden and severity and in beneficial cardiac remodeling. (edu.au)
When indicated, antiviral treatment should be started as soon as possible after illness onset, ideally within 48 hours of symptom onset. (cdc.gov)

The index multiplies the number of cases times the median days lost. (cdc.gov)
the main measures included the players' age (years), stature (cm) and body mass (Kg) and the incidence (number of injuries/1000 player-hours), mean and median severity (days absence), location (%), type (%) and cause (%) of match and training injuries. (bmj.com)

The evolution of case mix measurement using diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), Physician Profiling and Risk Adjustment. (wikipedia.org)

Rates of severe illness, complications, and death may be much higher than seasonal flu and more widely distributed. (cdc.gov)

Statistical parametric mapping was performed to identify statistically significant differences in cortical bone thickness that corresponded with the severity of radiological hip osteoarthritis. (cam.ac.uk)
Do severity measures explain differences in length of hospital stay? (umassmed.edu)
Among the study population, we found no significant differences in gender or severity of illness between the BMI groups. (hisci-net.org)
There were significant differences in age, ALI risk factor, and tidal volume on day 3 (Table 1). (hisci-net.org)

Data shows post-COVID-19 syndrome can happen to anyone infected by the coronavirus regardless of the initial severity. (integrisok.com)
Risk of the Coronavirus to Massachusetts residents remains low. (northamptonma.gov)
Currently the risk of contracting the Coronavirus in Massachusetts still remains low. (northamptonma.gov)

Whether weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk factor management can reduce the burden of atrial fibrillation is not known. (edu.au)
To determine the effect of weight reduction and management of cardiometabolic risk factors on atrial fibrillation burden and cardiac structure. (edu.au)
The two data sets provide insights into the incidences and prevalences of occupational illnesses, but underestimate the burden of job-related illnesses. (cdc.gov)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current evidence and to identify associated risk factors that increase the incidence of this complication. (duke.edu)
If teams select and train their players to perpetuate this trend then it may have an effect on the incidence and severity of injuries sustained during the game's flagship competition. (bmj.com)
The aim of this study was, therefore, to collect further data using the international consensus procedure for epidemiological studies to characterise the incidence, severity, nature and causes of match and training injuries and to report on the anthropometric characteristics of players competing at the RWC. (bmj.com)

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for severe neurologic injury (intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or greater and/or periventricular leukomalacia) diagnosed by ultrasound scan of the head among infants born at 300-326 weeks of gestation and compare different screening strategies. (mcmaster.ca)

It found that the use of anti-CD20 drugs may lead to an increased risk of severe COVID-19. (healthline.com)

Background and Aims: Bacterial gastroenteritis has been known as a risk factor of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). (helpforibs.com)
The aims of this study were to verify the role of bacterial gastroenteritis in the development of IBS and the risk factors for the development of PI-IBS. (helpforibs.com)
Conclusions: Bacterial gastroenteritis is a risk factor of IBS and the duration of diarrhea as the index of severity of initial illness is an independent risk factor of PI-IBS. (helpforibs.com)

In the cohort study, consumption of turtle meat and turtle meat soup were associated with illness. (who.int)

Obesity is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. (edu.au)

Mean duration of illness in each study was 3.4 and 5 days, respectively. (bmj.com)
The duration of diarrhea was an independent risk factor of PI-IBS. (helpforibs.com)

The initial 10 cases were interviewed using a structured questionnaire with data on demographics, food and water exposures and environmental risk factors. (who.int)

For example, a 2021 study found that drugs that inhibit CD20, a protein found on certain types of immune cells, could increase a person's risk of severe COVID-19. (healthline.com)
Although it may be possible to derive a risk adjustment score in a particular study, investigators will often require a readymade score. (bmj.com)
25 Discuss limitations at study and outcome level (e.g., risk of bias), and at review-level (e.g., incomplete retrieval of 16-18 identified research, reporting bias). (cdc.gov)

We sought to develop and validate two new risk algorithms (the QKidney Scores) for estimating (a) the individual 5 year risk of moderate-severe CKD and (b) the individual 5 year risk of developing End Stage Kidney Failure in a primary care population. (nih.gov)

These findings support therapy directed at weight and risk factors in the management of atrial fibrillation. (edu.au)

New research also found that blood-based biomarkers can distinguish between bipolar disorder and depression, and can also predict a person's future risk for those disorders and help tailor medication. (medscape.com)

Occupational illnesses within two national data sets. (cdc.gov)
To describe occupational illness data in two large data sets, two national data sets were aggregated, and the numbers, percentages, and rates of cases of occupational illnesses were determined. (cdc.gov)
Job-related illness data were from Bureau of Labor Statistics documents containing Annual Survey and Census of Fatal Occupational Injury data. (cdc.gov)

The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). (medlineplus.gov)

CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. (capital.com)
You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money. (capital.com)
8. Subject must be high risk, defined below. (who.int)

Use of mechanical ventilation (MV) was considered a unique risk factor. (biomedcentral.com)
Preterm birth with very low birth weight is a relevant risk factor both biologically and psychosocially in child development 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)

Irrespective of the definition of TIA and minor stroke, the risk of early and 3-month ischemic stroke steadily increased with increasing ABCD3-I score points. (kl.ac.at)

Environmental risk factors for atopic dermatitis were essentially similar for preterm and term born children, apart from winter and autumn births. (regionh.dk)

Illness severity scores have become widely used in neonatal intensive care. (bmj.com)

The three most powerful predictors of future suicidal acts were a history of suicide attempt, subjective rating of the severity of depression, and cigarette smoking, each of which had an additive effect on future risk. (unboundmedicine.com)

CONCLUSION: We found that male gender, advanced age, normal body mass index, chronic renal failure, and concurrent use of corticosteroids increase the risk of Achilles tendon disorders. (duke.edu)
Age, body mass index (BMI) and gender (female) are also risk factors for long haulers. (integrisok.com)

Hypoactive subtype of delirium is often missed by pediatric practitioners, but can be reduced by mitigating risks and effectively managed by early detection. (wikidoc.org)

Anatomy2

Organisms2

Diseases58

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment88

Psychiatry and Psychology38

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena17

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science13

Named Groups12

Health Care93

Geographicals14

Mortality10

Middle Aged1

Pneumonia6

Assessment9

Emergency Severity Index2

Disease26

Behavior2

Outcomes8

Range in severity2

Acute4

Respiratory3

Clinical5

Contracting COVID-194

Patients15

Critical illness1

Hospitalization3

Infection4

Vaccine2

Admission4

Abstract1

Influenza5

Assess1

Symptom2

Median2

Diagnosis1

Complications1

Differences4

Coronavirus3

Burden3

Incidence3

Objective1

Increased risk of severe1

Bacterial3

Cohort1

Obesity1

Duration2

Demographics1

Study3

Moderate1

Findings1

Person's1

Data3

Scale1

High risk3

Factor2

Stroke1

Preterm1

Widely1

Depression1

Gender2

Pediatric1