• However, during periods of low influenza activity and outside of epidemics situations, the infection of other respiratory viruses e.g. rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and adenovirus can also present as Influenza-like Illness (ILI) which makes the clinical differentiation of influenza from other pathogens difficult. (who.int)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus B was the only aetiology that was not detected in a mixed infection. (datexis.com)
  • Similarly, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be detected in the presence of other known bacterial pathogens. (medscape.com)
  • Infectious respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2, influenza, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) predominantly spread via inhaled aerosols emitted by infected individuals. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Most patients (62%) had no detectable pathogens in their sample, and unexpectedly, respiratory viruses were detected more frequently than bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given that viruses and pro-asthmatic type 2 cytokines ( e.g. interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13) directly elicit bronchial ASM constriction [ 7 - 14 ], β 2 -AR agonists are primarily used as a "rescue" bronchodilator therapy during virus or allergen induced exacerbations of asthma, and other causes of episodic wheezing ( e.g. exercise-induced ASM bronchoconstriction). (ersjournals.com)
  • Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? (mdpi.com)
  • Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • Respiratory viruses can also exacerbate asthma and lead to various types of respiratory distress syndromes. (mdpi.com)
  • Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses which circulate in all parts of the world. (who.int)
  • Of the 172 that tested positive for respiratory agents, there were 24 (14.0%) cases with mixed infections of two or three viruses. (datexis.com)
  • The frequency of HBoV codetection with other respiratory viruses was 18.3% in the HBoV-positive samples and was lower than the previously published data [4, 20]. (datexis.com)
  • molecular diagnostic methods were used for the detection of other respiratory viruses in the other studies whereas we used virus culturing. (datexis.com)
  • As the virus culture was used for the detection of major respiratory viruses, the isolated virus could be the main causative agent of respiratory illness. (datexis.com)
  • Previous studies have reported that HBoV infection was more prevalent among individuals who had other respiratory viruses [10, 22]. (datexis.com)
  • In a study performed in Hong Kong, a higher detection rate of HBoV was observed in NPAs positive for common respiratory viruses than in those that were negative for the same. (datexis.com)
  • However, in our study, similar detection rate of HBoV was observed in the samples positive and negative for other respiratory viruses in the R-mix culture (Data are not shown). (datexis.com)
  • Over the past decade, developments in diagnostic techniques have led to a significant improvement in the ability to detect viruses in the respiratory tract. (medscape.com)
  • Antibody: a protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses. (drpaulkilgore.com)
  • Clinically, nasal or respiratory airway care with saline reduces symptoms of seasonal coronaviruses and other common cold viruses. (springer.com)
  • A sinus cold, also commonly referred to as a common cold, is an infection primarily caused by viruses that affect the respiratory system. (kratzallergy.com)
  • These viruses, often rhinoviruses (a type of virus that primarily infects the nose and throat) , can lead to inflammation and irritation of the nasal passages and throat. (kratzallergy.com)
  • The wide array of diseases caused by coxsackie viruses can be differentiated from one another easily on the basis of involvement of the organs systems, clinical presentation and diagnostic techniques. (wikidoc.org)
  • However, in vulnerable populations, such as newborns, infants, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals, these opportunistic pathogens can also affect the lower respiratory tract, causing a more severe disease (e.g., pneumonia). (mdpi.com)
  • Respiratory viral pathogens were detected using FTD Respiratory Pathogens 21 kit (Fast Tract Diagnostics, Siemens Healthineers Company). (bvsalud.org)
  • However, with the advent of novel diagnostic technologies, viral respiratory pathogens are increasingly being identified as frequent etiologies of CAP. (medscape.com)
  • The most common viral pathogens recovered from hospitalized patients admitted with CAP include human rhinovirus and influenza . (medscape.com)
  • Other frequent viral mixtures were adenovirus and rhinovirus A (n =3) and influenza A virus and coronavirus OC43 (n =3) (Table 3). (datexis.com)
  • Between March 2019 and December 2021, 8825 respiratory tract specimens accepted to the molecular microbiology laboratory with respiratory tract multiplex PCR test requests were included in the study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Proper collection, storage and transport of respiratory specimens is the essential first step for laboratory detection of influenza virus infections. (who.int)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid was the most common specimen type, followed by respiratory and fecal specimens (49.8%, 26.9%, and 13.6%, respectively). (cdc.gov)
  • Rapid diagnostic techniques to identify viral antigens in clinical specimens include immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassay, and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Respiratory secretions, bronchoalveolar lavage samples, and tissue specimens can be examined using cytologic and histologic techniques. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on the epidemiological and seasonal characteristics of the agents by analyzing the respiratory viral infection agents, viral co-infections and associations with Coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) studied by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in the molecular microbiology laboratory in a three-year period, including the one-year period before the pandemic. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most common serious complications of influenza include exacerbation of underlying chronic pulmonary and cardiopulmonary diseases, such as worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and congestive heart failure, as well the development of pneumonia. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Many factors, including genetics, pollutants and irritants, and infectious diseases, may affect the health of the respiratory system. (healthhutcr.com)
  • Whilst mortality has diminished, the overall prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma has undergone a steady rise, partly caused by increased levels of urbanisation, and this is further expected to climb by more than 100 million cases by the year 2025. (medichub.ro)
  • VBI Vaccines is a biotechnology enterprise developing vaccines invoking the immune system to treat and prevent disease, including cancer and hepatitis-B as well as infectious diseases. (technewslit.com)
  • Coronaviruses also commonly infect birds and mammals, causing gastroenteritis and respiratory diseases. (hopkinsguides.com)
  • CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES AND INJURIES I. INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (001-139) Includes: diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible as well as a few diseases of unknown but possibly infectious origin Excludes: acute respiratory infections (460-466) influenza (487. (cdc.gov)
  • Respiratory tract infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality at all ages and are seen as a very important public health problem all over the world. (bvsalud.org)
  • The effects of seasonal influenza epidemics in developing countries are not fully known, but research estimates that 99% of deaths in children under 5 years of age with influenza-related lower respiratory tract infections are found in developing countries (2). (who.int)
  • The best way to prevent serious respiratory infections such as pneumonia is to avoid sick people (if possible) and to practice good hygiene. (adam.com)
  • In general, serology is a sensitive technique for establishing influenza infections. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Additionally, respiratory conditions include infections of the lower respiratory tract, which may affect the windpipe, airways, and lungs. (healthhutcr.com)
  • Lower respiratory tract infections include conditions such as asbestosis, asthma, and sarcoidosis. (healthhutcr.com)
  • Respiratory Tract Viral Infections and Coinfections Identified by Anyplex™ II RV16 Detection Kit in Pediatric Patients at a Riyadh Tertiary Care Hospital - 2.3. (datexis.com)
  • He is a chief investigator on two ongoing NHMRC Project Grants, a $1.1 million birth cohort study investigating childhood respiratory infections and a $1.4 million mixed-methods study investigating the post-release health experiences of prisoners. (edu.au)
  • Coronavirus for common human respiratory coronavirus infections. (hopkinsguides.com)
  • Risk factors for pneumonia include cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sickle cell disease, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough (such as following a stroke), and a weak immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the sputum microbiome likely reflects the respiratory microbiome only in part, there is increasing evidence that microbial community structure and diversity are associated with disease severity and clinical outcomes, both in stable COPD and during the exacerbations. (bmj.com)
  • This review provides an overview of the basic principles of high-throughput microbiome sequencing techniques, current literature on sputum microbiome profiling in COPD, and a discussion of the associated limitations and future perspectives. (bmj.com)
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent respiratory disease and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. (bmj.com)
  • Hospitalization due to acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) is a relevant health problem both for its impact on disease outcomes and on health system resources. (mdpi.com)
  • COPD also includes the entities of emphysema , chronic bronchitis, and chronic asthma . (medicinenet.com)
  • Non-invasive ventilation improves survival for people with COPD and acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. (copdx.org.au)
  • EXACERBATIONS of COPD which are more frequent in the winter months in temperate climates ( Jenkins 2012 ) [evidence level II] often require hospital admission for treatment of respiratory failure. (copdx.org.au)
  • In one study of more than 1,000 patients admitted to several hospitals with an exacerbation of severe COPD, about 50% were admitted with a respiratory infec-tion, 25% with congestive cardiac failure, and 30% with no known cause for the exacerbation ( Connors 1996 ). (copdx.org.au)
  • Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of lung conditions (e.g, asthma or COPD ) may also result in oral candidiasis which may be reduced by regularly rinsing the mouth with water after taking the medication. (wikidoc.org)
  • In a recent article published in the journal ACS Sensors , a group of researchers developed a rapid, non-invasive, point-of-care platform for the direct detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in exhaled breath, potentially adaptable for multiple respiratory virus detection. (breathinglabs.com)
  • The epidemic progression during the first wave of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its associated disease COVID-19 in northern Italy had its most dramatic impact in certain hotspots across the Po-Valley, stretching from north-western provinces such as Piedmont, Lombardy all the way to towards the north-east affecting even Emilia Romagna and Veneto. (aaqr.org)
  • A recent small study in outpatients with COVID-19 without acute respiratory distress syndrome suggests substantial symptom resolution. (springer.com)
  • Symptoms of asthma may include the following: bronchospasm (abnormal contraction of the bronchi causing airway obstruction), coughing, wheezing or whistling sounds when exhaling, shortness of breath or rapid breathing, chest tightness or chest pain, and fatigue. (healthhutcr.com)
  • Ultimately, the key aspect of asthma is the increased airway responsiveness, which may be triggered by several possible factors, many of which are environmental, and if the treatment is not initiated with sufficient urgency, the mortality rate can surge (1) . (medichub.ro)
  • The release of these inflammatory mediators is the primary cause of the key feature of asthma - chronic airway inflammation. (medichub.ro)
  • For community-acquired pneumonia, risk factors include: being very young or older, having a long-term (chronic) lung disease, having a compromised immune system, having a swallowing disorder, staying in dormitory conditions, exposure to smoke or pollutants, abusing drugs or alcohol. (adam.com)
  • 2 Exacerbations are heterogeneous and vaguely defined as acute worsening of respiratory symptoms outside of normal day-to-day variation, usually associated with a healthcare utilisation event (eg, prescription of oral steroids and/or antibiotics, emergency room visit). (bmj.com)
  • Respiratory illnesses are conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract, producing symptoms mainly in the nose and throat. (healthhutcr.com)
  • [2] Asthma is classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate . (mdwiki.org)
  • [15] Some people with asthma rarely experience symptoms, usually in response to triggers, whereas others may react frequently and readily and experience persistent symptoms. (mdwiki.org)
  • This cough, often dry, can linger throughout the duration of the cold, adding to the discomfort associated with the respiratory symptoms. (kratzallergy.com)
  • In addition, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) PCR test results of the patients with positive results with respiratory tract multiplex PCR test, which were studied within ± 3 days, were evaluated retrospectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Worldwide, these annual epidemics are estimated to result in about 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness, and about 290 000 to 650 000 respiratory deaths. (who.int)
  • Asthma is an important disease both in adults and children, which frequently results in severe financial and health im--pli--ca-tions globally, afflicting in excess of 300 million people worldwide. (medichub.ro)
  • Asthma is a serious disease, which frequently results in severe financial and health implications globally, af-flic-ting in excess of 300 million people worldwide. (medichub.ro)
  • Whilst being a common illness, there is a range of symp-to--ma-to-lo-gy seen in patients diagnosed with asthma, vary-ing from slight wheezing to severe closure of airways. (medichub.ro)
  • Severe AECOPD causing acute respiratory failure (ARF) often requires admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) with endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation. (mdpi.com)
  • Viral bronchiolitis is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children during the first 2 years of life and is the leading cause of hospitalisation among infants younger than 1 year [ 1 - 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • To investigate the epidemiological association of respiratory infection with viral load, HBoV-positive patients were categorized into low- and high-viral-load groups by using 1.0×106 copies/mL as a threshold value. (datexis.com)
  • These results suggest that single HBoV infection in the high-viral-load group may play an active role in respiratory infection. (datexis.com)
  • These findings are consistent with a Norwegian study that reported detection of HBoV alone and a high-viral-load were associated with respiratory tract infection. (datexis.com)
  • These findings also support the idea that a high-viral-load may be associated with a respiratory infection. (datexis.com)
  • We therefore analyzed pharmacological/pharmacodynamic effects of isotonic or hypertonic saline, relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection and respiratory care. (springer.com)
  • Asthma is the most common chronic lung disorder and affects approximately 15-20% of the population in developed countries, whereas the rate is around 2-4% in countries less developed. (medichub.ro)
  • It is now clear that the respiratory microbiome plays an important role in respiratory disease. (ersjournals.com)
  • This review, although not exhaustive, aims to outline how the microbiome is investigated, the healthy respiratory microbiome and its role in respiratory disease. (ersjournals.com)
  • In this review, we will discuss how the microbiome is investigated, the healthy lung microbiome and its role in respiratory disease. (ersjournals.com)
  • The incidence rates are much higher in children, with roughly 40% of children reporting having a wheeze episode, which is considered asthma, as long as there is a partial reversibility present by the utilisation of beta-2 agonists, irrespective of any lung function tests that may or may not have been performed. (medichub.ro)
  • Despite the importance of aerosol transmission, real-time detection techniques remain limited. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Finally, in the third part of this review, we highlight that regular physical activity and frequent exercise might limit or delay aging of the immune system, providing further evidence that exercise is beneficial for immunological health. (frontiersin.org)
  • Undeniably, acute vigorous exercise has a profound effect on the phenotypic makeup and functional capacity of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, in the third part of this article, we summarize recent data suggesting that regular physical activity and frequent exercise, which reduces systemic inflammatory activity and improves aspects of immune function, also leads to alterations in classical biomarkers of an aging immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Opportunistic pneumonias, caused by organisms that are usually harmless for people with a normal immune system, can arise in people with impaired immunity. (adam.com)
  • Prognosis varies according to the type of infecting organism and whether the patient's immune system is suppressed. (adam.com)
  • We can safely assume there will be no "second wave" (unless people make themselves ill by not looking after their immune system). (healthtruth.info)
  • It's crucial to be mindful of the potential for complications, especially for vulnerable populations such as young children , the elderly , or individuals with weakened immune systems . (kratzallergy.com)
  • [1] Recurrent episodes are more likely in persons with asthma , cystic fibrosis , and poor immune function . (mdwiki.org)
  • [2] Asthma may also present with tiredness , recurrent colds , or poor fitness. (mdwiki.org)
  • Asthma is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing , shortness of breath , chest tightness , and coughing . (mdwiki.org)
  • Nasal irrigation or nebulizing aerosol of isotonic or hypertonic saline is a traditional method for respiratory or nasal care. (springer.com)
  • Saline interacts at various levels relevant to nasal or respiratory hygiene (nasal irrigation, gargling or aerosol). (springer.com)
  • Despite the high incidence of viral bronchiolitis, there is not yet a unified definition nor international agreement on diagnostic criteria of the disease: while in North America the presence of wheezing in infants aged up to 24 months is usually a criterion used for defining bronchiolitis, in the UK, the presence of inspiratory crackles in infants aged up to 12 months is the diagnostic criterion [ 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs . (mdwiki.org)
  • A number of other health conditions occur more frequently in people with asthma, including gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis , and obstructive sleep apnea . (mdwiki.org)
  • The respiratory microbiome and its impact in health and disease is now well characterised. (ersjournals.com)
  • To outline the respiratory microbiome in health and disease. (ersjournals.com)
  • With the advent of culture-independent techniques and next-generation sequencing (NGS), we have a broader understanding of the microbiome, as well as investigating its functional capacity and therefore, potential direct impact on the host in health and disease. (ersjournals.com)
  • Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-COV-2. (healthtruth.info)
  • Effective use of the cutting balloon technique for treatment of intramural haematoma complicating a complex percutaneous intervention in a patient with multivessel disease and severely decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. (krakow.pl)
  • Longitudinal studies using standardised protocols are needed to answer outstanding questions including differences between sputum sampling techniques. (bmj.com)
  • Tissue from the upper or lower respiratory tract, sputum samples, and samples obtained by nasopharyngeal washing, bronchoalveolar lavage, and biopsy may be submitted for viral culture. (medscape.com)
  • However, outbreaks of febrile respiratory illness cases during the winter through spring months are characteristic of influenza. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • A second specimen will normally reveal a diagnostic 4 fold rise in titer for sufferers with lively illness Detect Rickettsia typhi antibodies (IgG). (aislesociety.com)
  • The bronchial system resembles an inverted tree and is sometimes termed the 'bronchial tree. (medicinenet.com)
  • Through these experiments, they simulated exhalation conditions, generated aerosols that mimic breath from the lower airways, measured viral load in the breath samples, and evaluated their diagnostic setup in human subjects. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Optimization and standardization of the culturomics technique for human microbiome exploration. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Other respiratory tract manifestations include cough, which is usually nonproductive, and a runny or stuffy nose. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • When the SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results of the patients who had positive results with respiratory tract multiplex PCR and who were studied within ± 3 days were evaluated retrospectively, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 45 (3.5%) of 1277 samples in which at least one agent was detected. (bvsalud.org)
  • At the time, the company was also working on a vaccine to protect against a broader range of known coronaviruses including the earlier SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome or MERS, as well as Covid-19. (technewslit.com)
  • The respiratory microbiome encompasses bacterial, fungal and viral communities. (ersjournals.com)
  • M. pneumoniae is a slow-growing, fastidious organism, making routine culture and phenotypic antimicrobial drug sensitivity testing impractical for clinical use and limiting the use of these techniques mainly to research purposes. (cdc.gov)
  • Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) are used in clinical settings, but they have lower sensitivity compared to RT-PCR methods and their reliability depends largely on the conditions under which they are used. (who.int)
  • In 2019, 262 million people globally had asthma, up from 183 million in 1990. (mdwiki.org)
  • Collection of appropriate respiratory samples and the application of a laboratory diagnostic test is required to establish a definitive diagnosis. (who.int)
  • Various guidance on laboratory techniques is published and updated by WHO (3). (who.int)
  • Two commonly used terms from culture-independent techniques include the microbiome and microbiota. (ersjournals.com)
  • We offer diagnostic and treatment options for common and complex medical conditions. (massgeneral.org)
  • Culture-independent microbial sequencing techniques have revealed that the respiratory tract harbours a complex microbiome not detectable by conventional culturing methods. (bmj.com)
  • To define the respiratory microbiome and describe its analysis. (ersjournals.com)
  • Viral culture offers specific information and the ability to further characterize the isolate, but the sensitivity of this technique is highly dependent on the timing of when the specimen is obtained. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Asthma is initially seen in childhood and manifests in conjunction with conditions such as hay fever and atopic dermatitis. (medichub.ro)
  • Often, asthma is initially seen in childhood and manifests in conjunction with conditions such as hay fever and eczema. (medichub.ro)
  • In general, the majority of asthma cases begin in the juvenile ages of childhood, often associated with elevated sensitivity to everyday inhaled allergens, such as dust, pollen and animal hairs. (medichub.ro)
  • [3] Asthma typically begins in childhood, more frequently before age 25 years, but the onset can be at any age. (mdwiki.org)
  • If possible, rapid diagnostic tests should be performed at the time of admission to facilitate decisions regarding appropriate precautions. (medilib.ir)
  • Guide-lines, techniques and the interpretation of results are dis-cussed regarding the use of spirometry in children. (medichub.ro)
  • These data also are helpful in guiding outbreak investigations and identifying targets for development of diagnostic assays and antivirals. (cdc.gov)
  • however, gold-standard breath analysis techniques [ clarification needed ] have not been applied. (mdwiki.org)
  • In our study, HBoV-positive patients in the high-viral-load group showed significantly higher pulse rates and respiratory rates than the in the low-viral-load group. (datexis.com)
  • Pneumatic otoscopy remains the standard examination technique for patients with suspected OM. (medscape.com)
  • In the past, traditional culture-based techniques were used to assess the microbial universe of different environments, however, these techniques are selective and don't provide the full picture [ 1 ]. (ersjournals.com)