Research genes plant. Medical search. Frequent questions

Now, scientists from the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) have created a pan-genome that captures all of the genetic information of 725 cultivated and closely related wild tomatoes, mapping 4,873 genes that were absent from the original reference genome . (isaaa.org)
Essential genes of single-celled organisms encode proteins for three basic functions including genetic information processing, cell envelopes and energy production. (wikipedia.org)
Most of the essential genes in viruses are related to the processing and maintenance of genetic information. (wikipedia.org)
In extreme cases where we might consider augmenting genetic resources available to imperiled populations, it might be best to obtain these genes from populations inhabiting similar kinds of habitats," Strauss said. (sciencedaily.com)
Gene flow" describes the movement of genetic traits within and among populations, as individual animals or plants breed. (sciencedaily.com)
2 During this early period of genetic discovery, pleiotropy was considered to be quite rare because scientists assumed most genes only possessed a single function-a simplistic idea that remained popular throughout most of the 20th century. (icr.org)
The genetic technologies are developing at such a pace internationally that it's important we don't get left behind, and as a society that we understand what gene editing is, and what it is not. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
A new study identifies the genetic basis behind the adaptation strategies used by plants to cope with the harsh natural environment. (agfuse.com)
Genetic changes are conducive to their evolutionary selection-such as the promotion of resilience and adaptability, which may be the basis for the success of Atacama plants in adapting to extreme radiation, high temperature, and malnutrition soil. (agfuse.com)
Since some Atacama plants are closely related to major crops (including grains, beans, and potatoes), the candidate genes we identified represent a genetic gold mine that can transform more plastic crops, necessary given the increasing desertification of our planet, "Gutiérrez said. (agfuse.com)
Gene-editing is a form of genetic engineering. (theecologist.org)
It covers a range of new laboratory techniques that, just as older genetic engineering techniques, can change the genetic material (usually DNA) of a living organism, for example a plant or an animal, without breeding. (theecologist.org)
Many of these techniques can be used to insert genes from an unrelated species into a plant or animal as traditional genetic engineering does and the resulting products, with their novel genes would be regarded as GMOs. (theecologist.org)
Traditional' genetic engineering involves the random insertion of genes (or genetic sequences) into an organism's genome. (theecologist.org)
Proponents tell us that gene-editing is far more precise than the genetic engineering techniques we are familiar with. (theecologist.org)
Understanding the genetic variation - identifying those genes that differentiate biters from non-biters - is the first step toward discovering new approaches to mitigating a mosquito's tendency to bite, while still allowing populations to reproduce and survive in their environments. (rdworldonline.com)
In fact, some of the genes the scientists found to be expressed at high levels in woody tissues may carry the genetic instructions for making the enzymes the scientists would like to control. (bnl.gov)
Scientists are about to make publicly available all the data they have so far on the genetic blueprint of medicinal plants and what beneficial properties are encoded by the genes identified. (news-medical.net)
In addition candidate genes for gum production will be isolated and haplotype based association genetic tests will be used to identify and validate the association of candidate genes with gum quality. (europa.eu)
The objective of this research is to identify genes associated to desiccation-rehydration cycle in the transcriptome of H. cruentum to better understand the genetic dynamics behind its desiccation tolerance mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
Researchers hope to learn more from this type of genetic research to help people with aversions to certain foods eat more vegetables in the future. (foodnavigator.com)
A poor diet during pregnancy may negatively affect the long term health of offspring by altering genetic factors linked to diabetes, according to new research in rats. (foodnavigator.com)
The effects of a maize knotted1 ( kn1) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter on genetic transformation efficiencies of six citrus genotypes were tested. (springer.com)
With all six genotypes of citrus tested including Eureka lemon, a cultivar difficult to be transformed, our results demonstrate that the kn1 gene may provide an effective molecular tool to enhance genetic transformation efficiencies of various citrus varieties. (springer.com)
On the other hand, transgenic plants produced from mature tissue via genetic transformation can drastically shorten flowering and fruiting time and thus speed up field evaluation studies. (springer.com)
The results, published last week in The Plant Journal , have greatly expanded the scientific knowledge of barley genetics, and could go a long way toward fully elucidating the genetic code of barley and other important plant food sources, such as wheat. (genomeweb.com)
The database was originally used to support gene function analyses and oligonucleotide design, but has since grown to handle additional activities including microarray content design, SNP identification, genotyping platform design, comparative genomics, and the coupling of physical and genetic maps. (genomeweb.com)
To prevent the well known and well documented problems of genetic defects caused by in-breeding, species need a variety of genes to ensure successful survival . (globalissues.org)
The soybean genes lf2, controlling the production of leaves with seven leaflets, and Pd, controlling dense pubescence were tested for genetic linkage by analyzing the F3 generation from the hybridization of genetic stock line BV 20 with T264. (usda.gov)
We detail the analytical and bioinformatic approaches that allow for high-throughput screening of the ionome and how they have been applied to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to elucidate genetic and biochemical pathways necessary for proper ion homeostasis. (wustl.edu)
A Varying Coefficient Model to Jointly Test Genetic and Gene-Environment Interaction Effects. (nih.gov)
Outlines are given for genetic engineering and plant breeding. (mdpi.com)
An overoptimistic picture of the applications and benefits of genetic research has been drawn. (who.int)
You will learn about the mechanisms that are involved in plant evolution, distribution and diversity, as well as how mating systems and population structure influence gene flow and genetic diversity in plants. (lu.se)
For the last 20 years, the NIEHS Personalized Environment and Genes Study (PEGS) has gathered health, exposure, medical, and genetic data from nearly 20,000 participants in North Carolina from diverse backgrounds. (medlineplus.gov)
The NIEHS Toxicant Exposures and Responses by Genomic and Epigenomic Regulators of Transcription (TaRGET) Program seeks to understand how environmental exposures lead to epigenetic changes-that is, modifications to DNA that affect gene expression without altering the underlying genetic code. (medlineplus.gov)
Exploding the gene myth : how genetic information is produced and manipulated by scientists, physicians, employers, insurance companies, educators, and law enforcers / Ruth Hubbard and Elijah Wald. (who.int)

In the early days of genetics, genes were thought to be solitary entities. (icr.org)
However, as our understanding of genetics grew through DNA science, it became clear that genes operate in complex interconnected networks. (icr.org)
In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today, Zhaobin Dong , Ling Xu , and George Chuck , members of the Plant Gene Expression Center , analyzed the genetics of a maize mutant which causes plants to express responses to drought and heat stress. (berkeley.edu)
She co-led the research with Dr. Rodrigo Gutiérrez, a professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology at the University of Ponticia, Chile. (agfuse.com)
This project is an example of a situation where tackling a biological question requires the skills of scientists from very different research fields, in this case the fields of evolutionary genetics, game theory and applied mathematics. (sciencedaily.com)
As well as the established molecular markers (AFLPs and SS Rs), the "ASGEN" study will employ the novel and innovative approach of association genetics in order to identify markers that are linked to gum quality or genes responsible for gum quality. (europa.eu)
The higher-resolution barley sequence also revealed some new insights into plant genetics. (genomeweb.com)
NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
Precision Environmental Health is a research area that helps scientists learn how interactions between the environment and genetics can affect a person's health. (medlineplus.gov)

Next, researchers at New York University used high-performance computing clusters to conduct systematic genome analysis, comparing the genome sequences of 32 Atacama plants with 32 unsuitable but genetically similar "sister" species and several other model species for comparison. (agfuse.com)
Based on this comparative analysis, they reconstructed the evolutionary history of the highly adaptable Atacama species and identified the genes with altered sequences. (agfuse.com)
Researchers found 265 genes with altered protein sequences in multiple Atacama plant species. (agfuse.com)
In this unique organization, the paired genes (sequences of DNA) produce protein-encoding segments (RNAs) that are complementary to one another - meaning the two RNA strands would stick to each other like highly specific Velcro. (bnl.gov)
Based on the results of phylogenetic similarity of 16SrDNA gene sequences, strain DB17 was identified to be Pseudomonas putida. (omicsonline.org)
The availability of genome sequences for many living organisms clearly has important implications for health improvement, and it has been widely predicted that elucidation of the sequences will lead to a revolution in medical research and patient care. (who.int)
Furthermore, nucleotide sequences related to the cluster vanHAX are present in this DNA, suggesting that the prolonged use of avoparcin in agriculture led to the uptake of glycopeptide resistance genes by animal commensal bacteria, which were subsequently transferred to humans. (cdc.gov)
Our work mapped the taxonomic distribution of protein sequences in the AA7 family and revealed a striking high proportion of sequences encoded by major plant pathogenic fungi and Oomycetes," said Maher Abou Hachem, Professor of Biotechnology and Biomedicine at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). (lu.se)

Of course, an understanding of the similarities and differences during the evolution of plant defense networks cannot ignore the lineage-specific coevolution between plants and their pathogens. (nih.gov)
These examples illustrate well how pathogens frequently target gene regulation and thereby alter immune responses on a larger scale. (nih.gov)
That this is effective is demonstrated by the diversity of pathogens from distinct kingdoms capable of manipulating the same gene regulatory networks, such as the RNA silencing machinery. (nih.gov)
can reduce the severity of plant diseases by inhibiting plant pathogens in the soil through their highly potent antagonistic and mycoparasitic activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Fungal plant pathogens can be classified as biotrophs, necrotrophs or hemibiotrophs based on their life-style and interaction with the host. (nature.com)
Hemibiotrophic fungi represent the most interesting group of pathogens since they use sequential biotrophic and necrotrophic infection strategies to invade and colonize host plants 1 . (nature.com)
These are human health and plant resistance to pathogens and to biotic and abiotic stress factors. (mdpi.com)

As tomato breeders focused on traits that improve production such as larger fruits and more fruits per plant, some traits for other qualities (flavor, disease resistance) were lost. (isaaa.org)
Fang Y, Xiong L (2015) General mechanisms of drought response and their application in drought resistance improvement in plants. (springer.com)
As climatic change begins to impact widespread agricultural areas, understanding the mechanism of resistance to drought and heat stress in crop plants such as maize is vital. (berkeley.edu)
It seems obvious now, but I wouldn't have guessed that resistance to heat stress and drought stress have a common physiological mechanism, both operating through high volume water movement early in the protoxylem," says George Chuck, an associate researcher in the Plant & Microbial Biology Department. (berkeley.edu)
Moreover, as revealed by research in recent decades, some Trichoderma strains can interact directly with roots, increasing plant growth potential, resistance to disease and tolerance to abiotic stresses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Efforts to enhance plant resistance and tolerance to a broad range of stresses by expressing Trichoderma genes in the plant genome are also addressed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of a resistance gene against L. maculans infection on residue microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with this pathogen during residue degradation. (biorxiv.org)
Fungal community structure differed between the two lines at harvest, but not subsequently, suggesting that the presence/absence of the resistance gene influences the microbiome at the base of the stem whilst the plant is alive, but that this does not necessarily lead to differential colonisation of the residues by fungi. (biorxiv.org)
Less ROS accumulation, upregulation of ROS signaling genes and higher antioxidant enzyme activities post BNS resulted in resistance. (nature.com)
While no effective HLB control methods or HLB resistance citrus cultivars have been commercialized, transgenic plant technologies have been recognized as a powerful tool to control the HLB disease. (springer.com)
are an important worldwide pest of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Molecular markers linked to the Javanese root-knot nematode (M. javanica) resistance gene mj in cucumber may aid marker assisted selection. (scielo.br)
they can combine with the promoter regions of key genes in signaling pathways to regulate their transcription levels and, in turn, plant resistance to stress. (biomedcentral.com)
A cluster and humans coming into contact with the animals (farm that includes three genes, vanH , vanA , and vanX , is required for high-level resistance to glycopeptides. (cdc.gov)
Resistance arises by mutation (influencing the target or efflux of the antimicrobial agent) or by the acquisition of resistance genes (encoding antimicrobial or target alter- ation, or alternate pathways) (2,3). (cdc.gov)
The actual origins of acquired resistance genes are unknown, but environmental microbes, including the strains producing antimicrobial agents, are believed to be important sources (4,5). (cdc.gov)
Scientific evidence from a report called Initiatives for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment [PDF - 94 pages] show that traces of antibiotics and antifungals, germs resistant to them, and genes that cause resistance traits are present and can spread in waterways and soils. (cdc.gov)
CDC and partners are doing innovative research to better understand the spread of resistance in the environment and the impact on human health. (cdc.gov)
Tobacco MAX genes may play an active role in stress resistance. (bvsalud.org)
The results of this study provide a basis for future in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms of MAX genes in tobacco meristem development and stress resistance. (bvsalud.org)

This research from scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory aimed to advance the use and efficiency of these reporters in two herbaceous plant species ( Arabidopsis and tobacco) and two woody plant species (poplar and citrus). (eurekalert.org)
After designing and building a GFP UV reporter protein (eYGFPuv) that provides enhanced signals for all tested plant species, the researchers demonstrated that strong fluorescence could be captured using either a fluorescence microscope or UV light. (eurekalert.org)
Jan. 30, 2023 New research provides rare evidence that natural hybridization can reduce the risk of extinction of species threatened by climate change. (sciencedaily.com)
Furthermore, all transgenic lines exhibited significantly less accumulation of reactive oxygen species than WT plants. (springer.com)
Numerous gene clusters that encode for the biosynthesis of different classes of metabolite have now been discovered in a variety of plant species. (bath.ac.uk)
They found that some plant species grow growth-promoting bacteria near the roots. (agfuse.com)
The molecular mechanism of plant stress response is usually studied in the laboratory using a few model species. (agfuse.com)
Most of the plant species described in this study have not been studied before. (agfuse.com)
Understanding that divergence, researchers say, is a starting point to determining whether there are non-biting genes in other species that could be manipulated in order to reduce transmission of vector-borne diseases. (rdworldonline.com)
UPTON, NY - By creating a "family tree" of genes expressed in one form of woody plant and a less woody, herbaceous species, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory have uncovered clues that may help them engineer plants more amenable to biofuel production. (bnl.gov)
By searching the genomes of woody Poplar trees and leafy Arabidopsis, the scientists identified 94 and 61 genes they suspected belonged to this family in those two species, respectively. (bnl.gov)
Recognition systems can be found in at least 100 plant families and 40 percent of species but until now, researchers have not known how the astonishing diversity in these systems evolves. (sciencedaily.com)
The recognition systems underlying self-incompatibility are found all around us in nature, and can be found in at least 100 plant families and 40% of species. (sciencedaily.com)
Although VIGS has been widely used in many plant species, it is not always uniform or highly efficient. (ed.ac.uk)
One major limitation associated with existing protocols when used on economically important citrus species is likely low plant regeneration frequencies. (springer.com)
There is a much higher chance of selecting neighboring genes in the region that will have unknown and possibly unwanted effects, whether it's barley, rice, or some other species. (genomeweb.com)
The number of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, the enormous diversity of genes in these species, the different ecosystems on the planet, such as deserts, rainforests and coral reefs are all part of a biologically diverse Earth. (globalissues.org)
And as we start destroying, reducing and isolating habitats, the chances for interaction from species with a large gene pool decreases. (globalissues.org)
We further studied the collinearity between these genes and related genes of six other species. (biomedcentral.com)
Research into the bZIP family in different species will bring new insights into its evolution and function. (biomedcentral.com)

The researchers found that TomLoxC also facilitates the production of a group of apocarotenoids-organic chemicals from carotenoids including vitamin A precursors-that work as signaling molecules influencing a variety of responses in plants including environmental stresses. (isaaa.org)
As the researchers observed the growing monkeyflowers, they were able to test two contrasting predictions about how gene flow should affect plants at the edge of the range. (sciencedaily.com)
To answer these questions, the researchers measured how the mixing of genes from different elevations affected the plants' ability to live at the warm edge of their range, through traits such as time for seedlings to emerge, time to flowering and overall reproductive success. (sciencedaily.com)
1 In an effort to further analyze the restraints of pleiotropy on the evolutionary model, the researchers focused on genes that produce proteins called transcription factors (TFs) which act like switches in the genome turning other genes on and off. (icr.org)
Specifically, the researchers sought to determine the interactions between TFs and their interactive ability to bind to DNA and control genes and the result of these effects on mathematical evolutionary models. (icr.org)
The research is the product of a collaboration between partners Ling Xu and Zhaobin Dong, as well as researchers from Rutgers University. (berkeley.edu)
According to a new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , researchers have taken a first step in identifying gene variation in biting and non-biting mosquitoes. (rdworldonline.com)
Experiments led by researchers at the University of Oregon, focused on Wyeomyia smithii, known as the pitcher plant mosquito. (rdworldonline.com)
The pitcher plant mosquito has been of particular interest to researchers for some time. (rdworldonline.com)
NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - After more than a decade of collaborative work, a team led by researchers at the University of California in Riverside has published details of its successful efforts in sequencing large gene-rich portions of the barley genome. (genomeweb.com)
The teachers are active researchers and you will gain insight in plant research on the molecular, cell, physiological and ecological level. (lu.se)
The biology researchers from Lund, Milda Pucetaite and Colin Olito, have been awarded starting grants from the European Research Council, ERC. (lu.se)

Glyphosate is a non-selective broad-spectrum herbicide that blocks 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS, aka AroA), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants and microorganisms. (isaaa.org)
They preserved plant and soil samples in liquid nitrogen and transported them to the laboratory to sequence the genes expressed by 32 dominant plants and soil microorganisms related to the plants. (agfuse.com)
It is widely distributed and highly conserved in animals, plants, and microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
The research program focuses on environmental agents such as industrial chemicals, metals, pesticides and herbicides, air pollutants, and biologically derived toxins (hazardous substances made from plants, animals, and microorganisms). (medlineplus.gov)

Another challenge to using transgenic plant technology in citrus is the long juvenile phase of immature tissues that ranges from 5 to 20 years, which greatly delays analysis of the effects of candidate genes. (springer.com)

In the first case, annotated individual genes (or ORFs) are completely deleted from the genome in a systematic way. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, individual genes produce multiple variants of end products with different effects through a variety of intricate mechanisms. (icr.org)
Our next step will be to use biochemical and biophysical approaches to characterize these individual genes' functions to find those directly or indirectly related to cell-wall modification. (bnl.gov)

The gene influences fruit flavor by catalyzing the biosynthesis of a number of lipid (fat)-involved volatiles-compounds that evaporate easily and contribute to the aroma," explained James Giovannoni, a BTI faculty member and USDA scientist. (isaaa.org)
In contrast, the biosynthesis of plant specialized metabolites has until recently been thought to be almost exclusively encoded by genes that are randomly scattered in the genome. (bath.ac.uk)
In order to enhance berry coloration of bright-red grape cultivars, the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) treatment on the quantity and composition of anthocyanins as well as the expression of genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis in the berry were examined. (scirp.org)
Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ABA treatment around véraison resulted in the upregulation of genes encoding enzymes responsible for both general flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. (scirp.org)
A survey of agricultural technologies influencing the biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds in crop plants is presented, including observations on the effects of light, temperature, mineral nutrition, water management, grafting, elevated atmospheric CO 2 , growth and differentiation of the plant and application of elicitors, stimulating agents and plant activators. (mdpi.com)
MAX genes involved in SL biosynthesis were more responsive to abiotic stresses than genes involved in SL signaling. (bvsalud.org)

With the development of CRISPR, gene essentiality has also been determined through inhibition of gene expression through CRISPR interference. (wikipedia.org)
Reporter genes are attached to other genes of interest to provide an inexpensive, rapid, and sensitive assay for studying gene delivery and gene expression. (eurekalert.org)
The genes Cs RafS1 and CsGolS1 showed similar or greater expression in one of the transgenic lines with respect to control plants. (springer.com)
Together, these results suggest the potential for heterologous expression of the AtCBF3 gene to mediate tolerance to hydric and saline stress in citrus plants. (springer.com)
Liu's group also made some interesting observations about gene expression and gene location in their study of the acyl-modifying enzyme genes. (bnl.gov)
That would prevent the RNA from building its enzyme, so the expression of one gene in the pair appears to inhibit its partner. (bnl.gov)
Perhaps understanding this natural "anti-sense" regulation for gene expression will assist scientists in their attempts to regulate acyl-modifying enzyme levels. (bnl.gov)
Many genes are likely functional, evidenced by expression in testes and ovaries at the RNA and protein level. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Both ViPTGS and ViTGS enable manipulation of endogenous gene expression without the need for transgenesis. (ed.ac.uk)
One important strategy for studying these dynamic but highly regulated host defenses is to observe gene expression patterns in the host 5 . (nature.com)
Our results demonstrate that expression of the kn1 gene enhances transformation efficiencies from 3 to 15 fold compared to a control vector, 3-11 fold relative to the highest transformation efficiencies reported for these citrus genotypes. (springer.com)
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factor family genes in response to abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum L. (biomedcentral.com)
Although more and animals and plants and regulate gene/protein expression more progressions have been made about the through direct complementarity between their 5' region pathogenesis of asthma in recent years, the increasing and the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs. (cdc.gov)

Chaves MM, Flexas J, Pinheiro C (2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. (springer.com)
But, as yet largely unnoticed is that the European Commission is considering whether the gene-editing of plants and animals, for example in agriculture, be exempted from regulation or even falls outside the scope of EU law governing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). (theecologist.org)
Hiroshi Hisano et al, Regulation of germination by targeted mutagenesis of grain dormancy genes in barley, Plant Biotechnology Journal (2021). (phys.org)
furthermore, MAX genes in tobacco were found to be actively involved in the regulation of meristem development by responding to hormones . (bvsalud.org)
MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of asthma, the goal of this study is to summarize recent researches on the roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of asthma. (cdc.gov)

The report1 details the latest advances in genome research and explains how this research could result in clinical applications in many diseases, including those that are endemic in poor countries. (who.int)
The NIH National Human Genome Research Institute's Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) was a project created to understand and analyze the human genome. (medlineplus.gov)

However, recent reports highlight the growing number of examples of gene clusters for specialized metabolic pathways in plants. (bath.ac.uk)
Mediators of gene silencing pathways, microRNA (miRNA) populations have now been extensively characterised and implicated in numerous fundamental processes. (edu.au)
Such tools will be necessary to understand the true scope of miRNA function in plants, and could be potentially used in biotechnology for manipulating miRNA pathways that control important agronomic traits. (edu.au)

Two main strategies have been employed to identify essential genes on a genome-wide basis: directed deletion of genes and random mutagenesis using transposons. (wikipedia.org)
In transposon-mediated mutagenesis, transposons are randomly inserted in as many positions in a genome as possible, aiming to disrupt the function of the targeted genes (see figure below). (wikipedia.org)
Methods: Clones indicate single gene deletions, population indicates whole population mutagenesis, e.g. using transposons. (wikipedia.org)

This work was supported by the DOE-Department of Agriculture joint Plant Feedstock Genomics program and by Brookhaven's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. (bnl.gov)
Using comparative genomics, we show that genes have been added to the GRC over millions of years of evolution, with embryonic development genes bicc1 and trim71 dating to the ancestor of songbirds and dozens of other genes added very recently. (whiterose.ac.uk)
The partnership will also enhance visibility to European research and provide tangible opportunities for sustainable deployment of genomics technology. (europa.eu)
Recognizing the potential of genomics for health improvement, the Director-General requested the Advisory Committee on Health Research in January 2001 to prepare a report on genomics and world health. (who.int)
Accordingly, a wide-ranging consultative process was undertaken, engaging scientists, clinicians, ethicists, public and private funders of genomics research, health policy-makers, nongovernmental organizations and civil society groups concerned with the ethical, legal and social implications of genomics. (who.int)
Any benefits that result from genomics research will be irrelevant to countries that do not have a functioning health-care system. (who.int)
Conventional, tried and effective approaches to medical research and medical practice must not be neglected while the medical potential of genomics is being explored. (who.int)
Another NIH-funded study, Utilizing In Vitro Functional Genomics Advances for Gene-Environment (GxE) Discovery and Validation , aims to better understand the connection between environmental exposure and human disease. (medlineplus.gov)
In vitro refers to cell-based research, and genomics is the study of the complete set of an individual's DNA. (medlineplus.gov)

Plants are exposed to diverse abiotic and biotic stimuli. (nih.gov)
Plants use intricate systems for growth, development, transport and metabolism to cope with adverse environmental conditions, but also have considerable capacity to adapt genetically to both biotic and abiotic factors. (lu.se)

The first tomato genome sequence was released in 2012, revealing approximately 35,000 genes and facilitating crop improvement efforts. (isaaa.org)
The pan-genome helps identify additional genes that might be available for crop breeding and improvement. (isaaa.org)
Crucial practical measures that can reduce vertical gene flow include (1) isolating seed production of Brassica napus , (2) the use of certified seed, (3) isolating fields of GM oilseed rape, (4) harvesting at the correct crop development stage with properly adjusted combine settings, (5) ensuring maximum germination of shed seeds after harvest, (6) controlling volunteers in subsequent crops, and (7) keeping on-farm records. (cambridge.org)
The goal of this project is to investigate the molecular causes of a recently described Actinobacterial enrichment in the root microbiome of crop plants under drought stress, from the microbial and host perspectives, and the phenotypic consequences of this enrichment for the host plant. (usda.gov)
The team will use a combination of new genomic technologies and microbiome manipulation strategies, in both lab and field-based experimental designs, using Sorghum bicolor , which represents an excellent agronomic model for drought research and an important feedstock and bioenergy crop. (usda.gov)
The research can be broadly categorized by the central objective of the project: identification consequences of Actinobacterial enrichment for crop fitness. (usda.gov)
Agricultural Biosafety: towards commercialisation of genetically modified crop plants and vaccines (pp. 29 - 32). (bris.ac.uk)
Overall, this study serves as a milestone for present and future crop improvement research via efficient gene manipulation. (phys.org)
Two main fields of interest form the background of actual demand for optimized levels of phenolic compounds in crop plants. (mdpi.com)
Antibiotics and antifungals (fungicides) are sometimes applied as pesticides to manage plant and crop diseases. (cdc.gov)

The mutant is caused by the gene necrotic upper tips1 ( nut1 ), which encodes a protein that controls genes responsible for maintaining the structure of the protoxylem cells. (berkeley.edu)
The maize homeobox gene knotted1 ( kn1 ) encodes an AP2/ERF transcription factor (Hake et al. (springer.com)
Here we show that the AN gene encodes a C-terminal binding proteins/brefeldin A ADP-ribosylated substrates (CtBP/BARS) related protein. (nih.gov)
The third gene, vanA , Francisco, CA). encodes an ATP-dependent D-Ala-D-Lac ligase. (cdc.gov)

Those gene functions are used to maintain a central metabolism, replicate DNA, translate genes into proteins, maintain a basic cellular structure, and mediate transport processes into and out of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
And there are many other ways that dysfunctional mutated genes and their encoded proteins or RNAs can have harmful effects in the cell. (icr.org)
The sweetener mannitol may help decrease the risk of Parkinson's disease by reducing the potentially dangerous 'clumping' of proteins in the brain, according to new research. (foodnavigator.com)

Then they tested if the optimized gene and its expressed enzyme can provide tolerance to glyphosate in transgenic tobacco plants. (isaaa.org)
Vertical gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape to non-GM counterparts may also have an impact on farming and supply chain management, depending on labelling thresholds for the adventitious presence of GM material in non-GM products. (cambridge.org)
During a 15-day treatment of water deficit by cessation of irrigation, the transgenic lines LM2 and LM14 showed lower stomatal conductance and transpiration paired with lower photosynthesis, whereas transgenic line LM7 maintained its photosynthesis, declining stomatal conductance, and transpiration compared to WT plants, which is manifested into more efficient water use. (springer.com)
Moreover, transgenic lines were more tolerant to saline stress and presented a greener phenotype with increased chlorophyll content in leaf discs compared to WT plants. (springer.com)
Cervera M, Ortega C, Navarro A, Navarro L, Peña L (2000) Generation of transgenic citrus plants with the tolerance-to-salinity gene HAL2 from yeast. (springer.com)
Fu X, Khan E, Hu S, Fan Q, Liu J (2011) Overexpression of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Atriplex hortensis enhances salt tolerance in the transgenic trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. (springer.com)
Synergistic activity of endochitinase and exochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum against the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis in transgenic plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Transgenic tobacco cell cultures expressing a Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase gene release the enzyme into the medium. (microbiologyresearch.org)
High transformation efficiency of citrus is of great importance for large scale characterization of gene functions and also cultivar development via transgenic and genome editing technologies. (springer.com)

Or if an enzyme-producing protein-coding gene is disrupted by mutation, the biochemical pathway associated with it can be adversely affected. (icr.org)
We use Nicotiana attenuata plants silenced in mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (irMPK4) - with low water-use efficiency (WUE) - to study the scale at which water-use traits alter intraspecific population yields. (elifesciences.org)
Role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from Trichoderma , in plant root colonization. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Our data suggest that CtBP/BARS-like protein function in plants is directly associated with the microtubule cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)

Essential genes from population screens include genes essential for fitness (see text). (wikipedia.org)

Also, previous studies have pinpointed specific grain and seed dormancy genes in barley, called Qsd1, and Qsd2. (phys.org)
These strategies include foraging in clonal plants, seed dormancy, soil-plant interactions, and morphological and ecophysiological variation in weeds. (lu.se)

If a gene was found to influence multiple externally visible traits, it was said to be pleiotropic -a term ï¬ rst used in 1910. (icr.org)
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that control key traits in animals and plants. (edu.au)
These findings provide an important connection between the origins of biodiversity, coevolution, and the role of gene and genome duplications as a substrate for novel traits. (lu.se)

Important regulatory factors, TFs bind to the promoter regions of target genes and activate or inhibit their transcription. (biomedcentral.com)

Dou H, Xv K, Meng Q, Li G, Yang X (2015) Potato plants ectopically expressing Arabidopsis thaliana CBF3 exhibit enhanced tolerance to high-temperature stress. (springer.com)
These 77 genes were then divided into eleven subfamilies according to their homology with Arabidopsis thaliana . (biomedcentral.com)

For instance, by using a simple UV flashlight, the scientists demonstrated how this new reporter can facilitate rapid quantification of transformation efficiency in plant systems. (eurekalert.org)
Before the advent of modern molecular biology, scientists defined a gene as a single unit of inheritance. (icr.org)
It could be down to a gene that controls cells' ability to process caffeine, scientists have found. (foodnavigator.com)
Mapping of the oil palm tree genome has revealed a single gene responsible regulating its yield, offering the possibility to breed new variants for increased production, say scientists behind the project. (foodnavigator.com)
NIEHS intramural scientists have defined descriptive terms of particular relevance to their own research, and have ranked those terms accordingly. (nih.gov)

Furthermore, overexpression of the gene led to high glyphosate tolerance , which may imply that the novel enzyme could be used in producing new generation of glyphosate-tolerant crops . (isaaa.org)
Gene flow in agricultural crops is important for risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops, particularly in countries with a large informal agricultural sector of subsistence cultivation. (nature.com)
These adaptation strategies include enriching the growth-promoting bacteria in the roots and actively selecting genes necessary for survival, which may be used to guide the cultivation of crops to make them more adaptable to climate change. (agfuse.com)
If crops and animals developed by gene-editing techniques are officially considered non-GM, or exempted from the EU GMO regulations, then they will enter the food chain and the environment completely unregulated and unlabelled. (theecologist.org)
But the reality is that gene editing is simply GM 2.0, with many of the same concerns and problems as the GM crops that Europeans have already rejected. (theecologist.org)
Then we could use those genes to engineer new bioenergy crops, and test whether those changes improve the efficiency of converting biomass to biofuel," Liu said. (bnl.gov)
Although MAX genes play vital roles in plant growth and development , characterization of the MAX gene family has been limited in solanaceous crops, especially in tobacco . (bvsalud.org)

abstract = "Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) can be harnessed to sequence-specifically degrade host transcripts and induce heritable epigenetic modifications referred to as virus-induced posttranscriptional gene silencing (ViPTGS) and virus-induced transcriptional gene silencing (ViTGS), respectively. (ed.ac.uk)

However, not only are mutations hardly ever beneficial, but because genes are so widely interconnected in the genome, a mutation in one gene will have a downstream effect on many others, especially if it's in a gene involved in regulating other genes. (icr.org)

Here, we focus on the evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks involved in plant-pathogen interactions. (nih.gov)
Gene-editing techniques may perhaps be more precise at the level and point where the DNA is altered but how this altered DNA might affect interactions with other genes and processes within the cell is largely unknown. (theecologist.org)
Importantly, these gene-to-gene interactions within the cell are reflected in the organism as a whole. (theecologist.org)
Experimentally altering field arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associations by silencing the Sym-pathway gene NaCCaMK did not affect reproductive overyielding, implicating an effect independent of belowground AMF interactions. (elifesciences.org)
We examined the coevolutionary interactions between plants (Brassicales) and butterflies (Pieridae), and uncovered evidence for an escalating evolutionary arms-race. (lu.se)

Reichel M, Li Y, Li J and Millar AA (2015) Inhibiting plant microRNA activity: molecular SPONGEs, target MIMICs and STTMs all display variable efficacies against target microRNAs. (edu.au)

Their findings have been published as a research article in Plant Biotechnology Journal . (phys.org)

Comparison of these characterized clusters now enables us to begin to define their salient features and to exploit plant biosynthetic gene clusters for synthetic biology applications. (bath.ac.uk)

The traffic of genes among populations may help living things better adapt to climate change, especially when genes flow among groups most affected by warming, according to a new study. (sciencedaily.com)
The first prediction was that any mixing of genes from a wider population would help plants adapt to warming conditions. (sciencedaily.com)
The second was that genes from the center of the range that did not help plants adapt would dilute any adaptive genes, negating their benefit. (sciencedaily.com)
The study showed that the first prediction was true -- gene flow did help the plants adapt to a warmer environment. (sciencedaily.com)
Sexton noted that hybrids of monkeyflowers from two warm-edge populations did better than either of their parents, perhaps because the populations had been using different genes to adapt to warm environments. (sciencedaily.com)
The team identified the plant lineages, related microbes, and genes that allowed Atacama plants to adapt and grow under extreme desert conditions. (agfuse.com)
Atacama's plants must adapt to limited water, high altitude, lack of nutrients in sandy soil, extremely high solar radiation, and temperatures that fluctuate more than 50 degrees from day to night. (agfuse.com)
This evolutionary tree based on the genome sequence determines the changes in the amino acid sequence encoded in the genes that support the evolution of the Atacama plant to adapt to the desert environment. (agfuse.com)
Ionomics should help us understand which genes are responsible for the ability of plants to adapt to environments that vary widely in mineral content and how these genes ultimately control the ionome of the plant. (wustl.edu)
You will also study how plants interact with other organisms and their ability to adapt to environmental change. (lu.se)

In this study, saturated fatty acids were greatly reduced by down-regulating genes encoding the fatty acyl-ACP thioesterases (FATB). (osti.gov)

Such experiments have led to the conclusion that the absolutely required number of genes for bacteria is on the order of about 250-300. (wikipedia.org)
Essential genes in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Many of these micro-organisms are considered beneficial (e.g. plant growth-promoting bacteria), whereas others are pathogenic and decrease the yield and quality of agricultural produce. (biorxiv.org)

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) reduce contaminants in wastewater before discharging the treated water into waterways. (cdc.gov)
However, some antibiotic and antifungal residues and resistant germs and genes can survive treatment because wastewater treatment systems are not specifically designed to kill or remove them. (cdc.gov)

In contrast to most single-celled organisms, viruses lack many essential genes for metabolism, which forces them to hijack the host's metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Physically linked clusters of genes that encode the enzymatic information for the synthesis of specialized metabolites are a well-established feature of microbial secondary metabolism. (bath.ac.uk)
Nuetzmann, H-W & Osbourn, A 2014, ' Gene clustering in plant specialized metabolism ', Current Opinion in Biotechnology , vol. 26, pp. 91-9. (bath.ac.uk)

There was greater accumulation of secondary metabolites and upregulation of secondary metabolite-related genes after BNS. (nature.com)

It's exciting when research with medical implications also provides insight into the mechanisms of biological adaptation. (icr.org)
All current land plants have evolved structures, mechanisms and strategies to deal with dehydration. (frontiersin.org)

They then looked at how the genes were expressed - activated to make their enzyme products - in different parts of the plants. (bnl.gov)

The research was supported by the Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), a Department of Energy (DOE) Research Center and the Secure Ecosystem Engineering and Design (SEED) project funded by the Genomic Science Program of the DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) as part of the Secure Biosystems Design Science Focus Area (SFA). (eurekalert.org)
Increased growth of plants in the presence of the biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum. (microbiologyresearch.org)
During World War II, the Japanese operated a secret biological warfare research facility in Manchuria and carried out human experiments on Chinese prisoners. (medscape.com)

The microbiome associated with the two types of plant residues was characterised by metabarcoding. (biorxiv.org)

Dodd I, Ryan A (2016) Whole-Plant Physiological Responses to Water-Deficit Stress. (springer.com)
We discuss the evolution of regulatory networks and their role in fine-tuning plant defense responses. (nih.gov)
Previous studies have shown that the bZIP TF family is involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses. (biomedcentral.com)

In this new research report, the authors state, 'Many studies have provided evidence for the ability of pleiotropy to constrain gene evolution. (icr.org)
Although these studies provide a wealth of information, they may miss the ecological environment of plant evolution. (agfuse.com)
Being incomplete -- i.e., having missing F-box genes that produce antidotes to female toxins -- was found to be important for the evolution of new mating types: complete mating types (with a full set of F-Box genes) stayed around for the longest time, as they have the highest number of mating partners. (sciencedaily.com)
This program focusses on plant biology, evolution and biodiversity. (lu.se)

Alvarez-Gerding X, Cortés-Bullemore R, Medina C, Romero-Romero JL, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Aquea F, Arce-Johnson P (2015) Improved salinity tolerance in Carrizo Citrange rootstock through overexpression of glyoxalase system genes. (springer.com)

A recent study of 900 mouse genes concluded that 42% of them were essential although the selected genes were not representative. (wikipedia.org)
The study, published in the April 2009 issue of Plant Molecular Biology, also lays a foundation for understanding these genes' evolutionary and structural properties and for a broader exploration of their roles in plant life. (bnl.gov)
Here, we use recombinant tobacco rattle viruses (TRV) to study the effect of temperature on ViPTGS and ViTGS using GFP as a reporter gene of silencing in N. benthamiana 16c plants. (ed.ac.uk)
Here, we use recombinant tobacco rattle viruses (TRV) to study the effect of temperature on ViPTGS and ViTGS using GFP as a reporter gene of silencing in N. benthamiana 16c plants.We found that unlike ViPTGS, ViTGS was impaired at high temperature. (ed.ac.uk)
Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. (phys.org)
In this study I found that the lf2 gene, controlling the production soybean plants with leaves of seven leaflets rather than the usual 3 leaflets, was linked fairly close to another gene Pd controlling the production of a dense covering of plant hairs over the leaves and stems. (usda.gov)
Here we describe ionomics, the quantitative and simultaneous measurement of the elemental composition of living organisms, and its application to the study of plant mineral nutrition. (wustl.edu)
In this study, culture-based methods and small subunit ribosomal RNA gene clone library approach were used to characterize microbial communities in MRF bulk fluid and associated biofilm samples collected from fluid systems in an automobile engine plant. (cdc.gov)

Fungal enzymes play an important role in the breakdown of plant cell walls during plant degradation. (lu.se)

In the field and glasshouse, we observed overyielding in populations with low percentages of irMPK4 plants, unrelated to water-use phenotypes. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, it makes recommendations on how the fruits of this research can be used to improve the health of populations, especially in the developing world. (who.int)
4 Globally, res- need to test larger populations, thus reducing the cost to ervoirs of antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs) have been governments. (who.int)

Plant trait diversity is known to influence population yield, but the scale at which this happens remains unknown: divergent individuals might change yields of immediate neighbors (neighbor scale) or of plants across a population (population scale). (elifesciences.org)

CRISPR is becoming well known in scientific circles as it's a particularly efficient method of gene-editing. (theecologist.org)
To achieve the perfect barley, they looked to the latest gene manipulation technology-CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing. (phys.org)

The plant hairs are important in protecting soybean plants from damage by leafhopper insects. (usda.gov)
When soybean breeders are attempting to couple or de-couple the lf2 and Pd genes in breeding new soybean cultivars knowing how these genes are linked will be helpful in estimating the numbers of progeny needed to achieve their goals. (usda.gov)

The optimized gene was introduced to tobacco plants using Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. (isaaa.org)
however, there is little research on the bZIP gene family in tobacco. (biomedcentral.com)
This research has great significance for the functional characterisation of the tobacco bZIP family and our understanding of the bZIP family in higher plants. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome-wide identification of MAXs genes for strigolactones synthesis/signaling in solanaceous plants and analysis of their potential functions in tobacco. (bvsalud.org)
Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China. (bvsalud.org)

We generally found that there were benefits from gene flow, but gene flow from other warm-edge areas was most beneficial," Strauss said. (sciencedaily.com)
This mini-review summarizes the main findings concerning the Trichoderma -plant interaction, the molecular dialogue between the two organisms, and the dramatic changes induced by the beneficial fungus in the plant. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The Chilean research team collected climate, soil, and plant characteristics at 22 locations in different vegetation zones and altitudes (every 100 meters) in the Talabre-Lejía transect over a period of more than 10 years. (agfuse.com)
This is an adaptive strategy to optimize nitrogen intake in the poor soil of Atacama, which is a key nutrient for plant growth. (agfuse.com)
A planting area uniform in soil composition will be used to minimize environmental variation, and several areas at the KARE facility have previously been selected for minimal heterogeneity in microbial constituency. (usda.gov)
Population and Community Ecology BIOR69 or Soil and Plant Ecology BIOR78 . (lu.se)
Ultimately, it will also help me in establishing a new line of research which will 'bring to the table' advanced microspectroscopy tools for studying single-cell scale soil microbial chemistry. (lu.se)

iii) modeled rates of pollen-mediated gene flow showed extensive mixing of germplasm between fields and farms and iv) as a result, segregation of GM and non-GM varieties is not likely to be an option in these systems. (nature.com)
Maize gene flow occurs through cultivator determined seed selection and mixing as well as through pollen transfer between individual plants and fields. (nature.com)
In plants such as snapdragons and Petunia, when the pollen lands on the stigma, it germinates and starts growing. (sciencedaily.com)
Pollen in turn has a team of genes (F-box genes) that produce antidotes to all toxins except for the toxin produced by the "self" stigma. (sciencedaily.com)
Therefore, pollen can fertlize when it lands on stigma that does not belong to the same plant, but not when it lands on the plant's own stigma. (sciencedaily.com)
In non-self recognition systems, the male (pollen) and female (stigma) genes work together as a team to determine recognition, so that a particular variation of the male- and female-genes forms a mating type. (sciencedaily.com)

Not surprisingly, they also found that the more pleiotropic a gene was, the more associated it was with disease when mutated. (icr.org)
Out of 21,618 genes, the team isolated 1,380 which they found to be directly related to biting and non-biting. (rdworldonline.com)
For instance, the research team found that contrary to previous assumptions, gene-rich areas are not found only in high recombination regions. (genomeweb.com)

All forms of recombinant DNA technology, including modification of the genes of plants and animals, raise extremely important safety issues and need careful monitoring and control. (who.int)

Journal of Plant Physiology 180, 45-48. (edu.au)

We are studying a very large family of genes that instruct cells to make a variety of enzymes important in a wide range of plant functions," said Brookhaven biologist Chang-Jun Liu. (bnl.gov)
Our long-term interest is to find the enzymes that control the formation of cell-wall-bound acyl groups, so we can learn how to modify plant cell walls to increase their digestibility," Liu said. (bnl.gov)
On the other hand, the gene expressions of enzymes involved in proanthocyanidin synthesis were drastically decreased at véraison and remained extremely low even with ABA treatment. (scirp.org)
one includes structural genes encoding enzymes that directly participate in the formation of anthocyanins and other flavonoids, and the other comprises regulatory genes controlling the transcription of structural genes. (scirp.org)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) 15-20% of all genes are essential. (wikipedia.org)

d) Includes predicted gene essentiality and data compilation from published single-gene essentiality studies. (wikipedia.org)
We find that variation in a single-gene, MPK4 , is responsible for population overyielding through a mechanism, independent of irMPK4's WUE phenotype, at the aboveground, population scale. (elifesciences.org)

Anatomy27

Organisms57

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations29

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena10

Technology, Industry, Agriculture23

Humanities5

Information Science20

Named Groups1

Health Care38

Geographicals2

Genetic37

Genetics9

Sequences8

Pathogens7

Resistance19

Species20

Researchers12

Microorganisms4

Candidate genes1

Individual genes3

Biosynthesis6

Expression13

Regulation5

Genome research2

Pathways3

Mutagenesis3

Genomics9

Abiotic2

Crop10

Encodes4

Proteins3

Transgenic9

Protein4

Include genes1

Dormancy2

Traits3

Target genes1

Arabidopsis2

Scientists5

Crops7

Abstract1

Interconnected in the genome1

Interactions5

MicroRNAs1

Biotechnology Journal1

Biosynthetic1

Adapt10

Saturated fatty1

Bacteria3

Wastewater treatment2

Metabolism3

Upregulation1

Mechanisms2

Enzyme1

Biological3

Microbiome1

Responses3

Evolution4

Overexpression1

Study8

Fungal1

Populations3

Diversity1

CRISPR2

Soybean2

Tobacco5

Beneficial2

Soil5

Pollen6

Found3

Modification1

Physiology1

Enzymes4

Budding yeast1

Single-gene2