• CHD6 is a DNA-dependent ATPase and localizes at nuclear sites of mRNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast to the RNA-directed DNA synthesis by telomerase, ALT relies on recombination and replication of telomere DNA to extend telomeres. (massgeneral.org)
  • These processes are responsible for genetic continuity and protein synthesis, enabling life as we know it. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • On the other hand, RNA is a single chain of nucleotides primarily involved in protein synthesis following the master plan outlined by DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • DNA Synthesis occurs during what phase of Mitosis? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • RNA and use it to synthesis DNA by reverse transcriptase. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • It can also exert its influence by arresting the cell cycle when the cell transitions between the G1 (cell growth) and S (DNA synthesis, readying the cell for replication) phases. (reasons.org)
  • By holding the cell at this stage in the cell cycle, p53 gives the DNA repair proteins enough time to clean up the damaged DNA before DNA synthesis takes place. (reasons.org)
  • Moreover, these motions occur in mostly conserved nucleotides from structural regions (i.e., priming loop, pseudo-triloop, and U43 bulge) that biochemical and mutational studies have shown to be essential for P binding, protein-priming, pgRNA packaging, and DNA synthesis. (nist.gov)
  • Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that ensure the fidelity of protein synthesis by attaching amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. (utoledo.edu)
  • Regardless of its precise form, collapse renders the fork incompetent for further DNA synthesis. (elifesciences.org)
  • Sometimes new mitochondria are synthesized de novo in centers that are rich in proteins and polyribosomes needed for their synthesis. (cytochemistry.net)
  • In eukaryotes and archaea, PCNA stimulates processive DNA synthesis of both lagging and leading strands. (pasteur.fr)
  • The increase in adherence of S. pneumoniae could be inhibited by the DNA synthesis inhibitor cytosine arabinofuranoside, which is known to block the late phase of the adenovirus infection. (lu.se)
  • Quinolones inhibit two enzymes that are required for bacterial DNA synthesis, i.e. (cdc.gov)
  • Protein synthesis is controlled by genes, which are contained on chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Alternatively, transcription factors can bind enzymes that modify the histones at the promoter. (wikipedia.org)
  • The course plot for the saga of replication involves an array of characters, including enzymes like DNA polymerase, working tirelessly as diligent scribes, replicating each chapter accurately from the DNA template. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • DNA polymerases (DNAPs) are the key enzymes of DNA replication and diverse DNA repair processes. (pasteur.fr)
  • The targets of quinolone activity are the bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication and transcription. (cdc.gov)
  • Enzymes are complex proteins that control and carry out nearly all chemical processes and reactions within the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Each transcription factor binds to one specific set of DNA sequences and activates or inhibits the transcription of genes that have these sequences near their promoters. (wikipedia.org)
  • All HPV subtypes contain early (E) genes and late (L) genes, which are essential to viral integration and replication. (medscape.com)
  • L genes encode viral capsid proteins. (medscape.com)
  • E genes are responsible for episomal replication. (medscape.com)
  • This loss is accompanied with an increased expression of the histone demethylase Jmjd3 and with the recruitment of the MLL1 protein, and correlates with the expression of the Ink4a/Arf genes. (plos.org)
  • The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
  • Mutations in the genes that encode these proteins can result in disease. (cshl.edu)
  • Moreover, replication ensures that genetic information stays consistent and the life story written in our genes continues for another generation. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Genes predicting interactions with host cellular mechanismsinclude homologues of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein, stress responseprotein phosphatase 2C, extracellular matrixin metalloproteases,ubiquitin, calcium binding EF-hand protein, glycosyltransferase, and atriacylglyceride lipase. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • MsEPV genes with putative functions in preventionand repair of DNA damage include a complete base excision repair pathway(uracil DNA glycosylase, AP endonuclease, DNA polymerase beta, and anNAD+-dependent DNA ligase), a photoreactivation repair pathway(cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase), a LINE-type reversetranscriptase, and a mutT homologue. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Replication genes were not identified in some plasmids, a situation that has led to the possibility of host interaction involvement. (frontiersin.org)
  • Plasmid stabilization/stability protein-encoding genes were observed in some plasmids but were not established for participating in plasmid segregation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The identification of genes involved in replication, segregation, toxin-antitoxin systems and conjugation, would aid the design of drugs to prevent the survival or transmission of plasmids carrying pathogenic properties. (frontiersin.org)
  • Disruption of E1 and E2 allows for dysregulated downstream genes and the expression of E6 and E7 proteins, which are selectively maintained in virally induced tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Whole exome sequencing of patients who experienced severe influenza reveals several genes, including scaffold protein AHNAK, with predicted loss-of-function variants that are also identified in our proteomic analyses. (cdc.gov)
  • Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Genes consist of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Genes vary in size, depending on the sizes of the proteins or RNA for which they code. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
  • A distinct group of DNA-binding proteins are the DNA-binding proteins that specifically bind single-stranded DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • These binding proteins seem to stabilize single-stranded DNA and protect it from forming stem-loops or being degraded by nucleases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The processes that maintain telomeres employ replication protein A (RPA), a single-stranded DNA binding protein. (massgeneral.org)
  • Stabilizers at heart, these proteins prevent re-annealing (reunion) of single-stranded DNAs before it's their time to replicate. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Single Stranded DNA Binding Protein, E. coli is available at Gentaur for Next week delivery. (telospub.com)
  • Hydrolyzes single-stranded DNA in the 3'→5' direction, releasing 5'-mononucleotides and leaving the terminal 5'-dinucleotide intact. (telospub.com)
  • It has a small (4500 nucleotides) genome that encoding four DNA helicases that are required for viral DNA replication and efficient packaging of single stranded DNA into virions. (utoledo.edu)
  • The larger Rep proteins, Rep78 and Rep68, assemble into stable, hexameric oligomers on specific secondary structures on the 3' and 5' termini of the single stranded viral DNA. (utoledo.edu)
  • Rep52 and Rep40 are implicated in packaging plus and minus single stranded DNA into virions. (utoledo.edu)
  • She completed her PhD with her project entitled "The Roles of the Helicase Double-Hexamer Complex and the ssDNA-Binding Protein RPA During Eukaryotic DNA Replication" in Steve Bell's lab at MIT. (mit.edu)
  • Their results showed that efficiency of fork arrest is weakened by kinetic competition between the rate of strand separation by the helicase motor at the fork and the rate of rearrangement of Tus−Ter interactions that maintain Tus's strong grip on the DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We find that this type of non-canonical fork convergence in fission yeast is prone to trigger deletions between repetitive DNA sequences via a mechanism we call Inter-Fork Strand Annealing (IFSA) that depends on the recombination proteins Rad52, Exo1 and Mus81, and is countered by the FANCM-related DNA helicase Fml1. (elifesciences.org)
  • E1 protein has helicase activity for replication, and E2 encodes DNA-binding protein for regulation of transcription. (medscape.com)
  • In humans, replication protein A is the best-understood member of this family and is used in processes where the double helix is separated, including DNA replication, recombination and DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr. Zou and his team postulated that such cancer cell lines were those without active telomerase, relying instead on the ALT pathway, which lengthens telomeres through recombination with telomeric DNA sequences from the same or other chromosomes. (massgeneral.org)
  • RPA functions as a DNA repair protein that promotes DNA recombination, and the ALT pathway is known to be a process that is dependent on recombination. (massgeneral.org)
  • The communication between molecular motors and double-stranded DNA binding proteins is a common feature in DNA replication, repair, recombination and transcription and also in instances where conflict occurs between these processes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Collapsed forks can be rescued by homologous recombination, which restarts replication. (elifesciences.org)
  • This so-called recombination-dependent replication (RDR) helps ensure that DNA is fully replicated prior to sister chromatid segregation, thereby avoiding mitotic catastrophes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nucleolytic resection of this end generates the requisite ssDNA tail onto which the recombination proteins can load and drive the restart process ( Berti and Vindigni, 2016 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • genome recombination Rep repair UvrD Helicases play essential roles in both the actual process of DNA replication and the repair or resuscitation of blocked replication forks. (silverchair.com)
  • DNA-binding proteins include transcription factors which modulate the process of transcription, various polymerases, nucleases which cleave DNA molecules, and histones which are involved in chromosome packaging and transcription in the cell nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • To test the idea, the Williams lab used an instrument called optical tweezers that allowed them to stretch single DNA molecules with A3G proteins bound. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Before a bacterium can divide, it must make a copy of its genetic material, the circular DNA molecules that resemble bunched rubber bands, through a process called DNA replication. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We are now elucidating novel molecules that function upstream of NP95-DNMT1, and couple DNA replication with maintenance methylation in mammalian cells. (riken.jp)
  • When they hit a certain balance, ORC begins to assemble, while CDC6 binds to another duo of molecules called Cyclin E-CDK2. (cshl.edu)
  • CDC6 then binds to ORC1, bringing the other molecules along, allowing replication to begin. (cshl.edu)
  • Tightly-controlled feedback loops between ORC1, CDC6, and a number of other molecules regulate the timing of replication. (cshl.edu)
  • Two double-stranded DNA molecules. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • DNA replication is an intricate dance of molecules, a fundamental process essential to life. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • The process ends with two identical double stranded DNA molecules. (brainscape.com)
  • Usually, the NOE and NMRD in B-DNA is expected to be less ``integral'' than methods can only provide bounds on the residence water molecules buried inside proteins. (lu.se)
  • The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
  • They used single-molecule imaging to record molecular movies that zoomed in with high temporal and spatial resolution on the fate of Escherichia coli replication forks as they approached a termination site from either direction. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Mrr from Escherichia coli K12 is a type IV restriction endonuclease whose role is to recognize and cleave foreign methylated DNA. (uci.edu)
  • Histones play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. (fishersci.com)
  • These two copies of chromosomal DNA are pulled to different ends of the cell by a protein structure called the mitotic spindle. (oist.jp)
  • Once the chromosomal DNA is separated, the cell begins to divide into two identical daughter cells. (oist.jp)
  • Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)
  • The authors identified proteins associated with the yeast origin recognition complex (ORC), a set of proteins that binds chromosomal origins of DNA replication. (rupress.org)
  • Within chromosomes, DNA is held in complexes with structural proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • When cells enter senescence the binding to RD of both PRC1 and PRC2 complexes is lost leading to a decreased level of histone H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). (plos.org)
  • Research interests include determining protein structures and studying the structure/function of complexes formed with drugs and natural ligands. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • We also have collaborative interests in determining structures of protein complexes formed with anti-cancer and anti-thrombosis inhibitors. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Identification and isolation of damage-recognition protein complexes from zebrafish(Danio rerio) early embryos. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Unlike the embryonic extract, the extracts of 84-h-old larvae produced only low-shifting binding complexes when incubated with a CPD-specific probe. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Origin recognition complexes (ORCs) initiate the task of DNA replication throughout an entire genome in a controlled, temporal pattern. (cshl.edu)
  • However, removing RbmA led to visually similar biofilms, despite the absence of the cross-linked protein complexes. (elifesciences.org)
  • A protein found in DNA replication complexes is also essential for ribosome biosynthesis, according to new results from Yi-Chieh Du and Bruce Stillman (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY). (rupress.org)
  • E7 forms complexes with pRb and functionally inactivates pRb and related proteins, such as EF2, which leads to transcription growth-related proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Protein-DNA interactions occur when a protein binds a molecule of DNA, often to regulate the biological function of DNA, usually the expression of a gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this process, the two strands of DNA making up the circular DNA molecule unwind and separate to become templates for generating new strands. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To ensure the process is well regulated, the bacterium has set a number of "roadblocks," or termination sites on the DNA, to ensure the permanent stoppage of replication forks, Y-shaped structures formed between the strands as the DNA molecule splits. (sciencedaily.com)
  • DNA, a double-stranded molecule, is the primary genetic material directly responsible for development and inheritable traits. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • of the DNA molecule. (medlineplus.gov)
  • DNA contains the code, or blueprint, used to synthesize a protein or a ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Each DNA molecule is a long double helix that resembles a spiral staircase containing millions of steps. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein or RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The DNA molecule is a long, coiled double helix that resembles a spiral staircase. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This gene provides instructions for making one member of a protein family called RecQ helicases. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Extracellular vesicle DNA from human melanoma tissues contains cancer-specific mutations. (gu.se)
  • Bullock and Fersht 8 have shown that mutations of DNA-binding residues, such as those on the tumor repressor protein P53, may predispose individuals to cancer. (nature.com)
  • However, if the ERV DNA suffers severe mutations, it can become disabled, remaining in the genome as nonfunctional, "junk" DNA. (reasons.org)
  • Among the proteins identified was Yph1p, a homologue of zebrafish pescadillo, mutations in which lead to cell proliferation defects. (rupress.org)
  • In 5 of 6 gene mutations that have been shown to cause EDMD, the affected protein is present in the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex. (medscape.com)
  • EDMD1 is caused by mutations in the EMD gene on the X chromosome that codes for the nuclear envelope protein emerin. (medscape.com)
  • New mutations have been found in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein 1 ( SYNE1 ) gene and in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein 2 ( SYNE2 ) gene in a few families, also termed Nesprin-1 and Nesprin-2, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • Lastly, mutations in the transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43), also termed LUMA, which binds to emerin and SUN2, has also been reported to cause an EDMD phenotype in a few families. (medscape.com)
  • Whatever the true mechanism, the discovery of mutations in several different nuclear membrane proteins that cause similar diseases will likely eventually lead to a better understanding of nuclear membrane physiology and the pathophysiology of diseases caused by mutations in these proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in the RECQL4 gene prevent cells from producing any RECQL4 protein or change the way the protein is pieced together, which disrupts its usual function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations that result in alterations of the outer membrane porin proteins of Gram-negative organisms lead to decreased permeability of the drug through the outer membrane so less drug reaches the target enzyme. (cdc.gov)
  • To determine how Rad1-Rad10 catalyzes inter-strand crosslink repair (ICLR), we examined sensitivity to ICLs from yeast deleted for SAW1 and SLX4, which encode proteins that interact physically with Rad1-Rad10 and bind stalled replication forks. (nih.gov)
  • During ATR signaling in response to DNA damage, Rad17 forms a complex with 9-1-1 and loads onto stalled replication forks [ 4 - 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates at multiple origin sites along each chromosome and terminates when replication forks (RFs) from adjacent origins converge. (elifesciences.org)
  • Organisms within the archaeal domain of life possess a simplified version of the eukaryotic DNA replication machinery. (pasteur.fr)
  • Tus−Ter is unusual in that it acts like the ratcheting knot on a climbing rope by allowing progression of replication forks from one direction but not the other. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Ku stabilizes replication forks in the absence of Brc1. (thebiogrid.org)
  • A ) Vibrio cholera e (white) secretes four main matrix proteins: RbmA (blue), RbmC (orange), Bap1 (green) and VPS (red strands). (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) An RbmA dimer can bind to several strands of VPS to create a stable mesh across the matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • The star enzyme that plays a critical role in synthesizing new DNA strands by following the older DNA as a template. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • These are essentially the core building blocks of new DNA strands. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • I. Separation of the strands of SV40 DNA and hybridization of the separated strands to RNA extracted from lytically infected and transformed cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • In contrast, other proteins have evolved to bind to specific DNA sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • An artist in its own right, Ligase dutifully connects Okazaki fragments (short sequences produced at the lagging strand) during replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Expression of partial sequences of BRO-A proved that theN-terminal 80 amino acid residues were required for DNA binding activity.We also demonstrated that BmNPV BRO proteins underwent phosphorylation andubiquitination followed by proteasome degradation, which may explain theirdistribution in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • New insight into p53 function shows that, in addition to guarding the genome (and playing other heroic roles), this protein also helps defend the RTB genomics creation model from one of its most serious threats-the widespread presence of endogenous retroviral (ERV) sequences in genomes. (reasons.org)
  • This insertion event can damage the genome by disrupting DNA sequences that encode proteins or DNA sequences that play a regulatory role. (reasons.org)
  • Life scientists have observed that 30% of p53 binding occurs at ERV sequences. (reasons.org)
  • These proteins are important in bending arrays of nucleosomes and arranging them into the larger structures that form chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stretching out the DNA in all 46 chromosomes packed into one human cell would make a string of DNA two meters long. (cshl.edu)
  • Tens of thousands of ORCs assemble simultaneously along the chromosomes and after assembly, they are sequentially employed to start replication. (cshl.edu)
  • Not only are ORC proteins involved in DNA replication, but they also help divide the chromosomes equally into the two new cells. (cshl.edu)
  • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
  • DNA-binding proteins can incorporate such domains as the zinc finger, the helix-turn-helix, and the leucine zipper (among many others) that facilitate binding to nucleic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evidence for nucleic acid binding ability and nucleosome association ofBombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus BRO proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The research of my laboratory is focused on nucleic acid enzymology, nucleic acid protein interaction and more recently on the development of modified human albumin for the treatment of shock. (utoledo.edu)
  • E proteins made by the viral genome promote the activation of host DNA replication mechanisms that can then be used by the virus during its own replication. (medscape.com)
  • The A3G protein has at least two mechanisms by which it can block HIV replication. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The Developmental Genetics Research Group studies epigenetic regulation of organ development and stem cell functions, mediated by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins and DNA methylation (5mC) mechanisms. (riken.jp)
  • Researchers have visualized the structure of this complex, dissected its mechanisms in starting DNA replication, and discovered other roles the ORC plays. (cshl.edu)
  • By using an integrative approach which combines cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, the Unit of Structural Dynamics of Macromolecules deciphered the recruitment and cooperativity mechanisms between DNA polymerase D and PCNA. (pasteur.fr)
  • The fluoroquinolone susceptibility profile for each clinical isolate is determined by the number and location of mutational changes in specific enzyme target sites, porin proteins, and efflux mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Kornberg 7 has presented that the interactions between DNA and histones are involved in chromosome packaging in the cell nucleus. (nature.com)
  • The ORC complex proteins are kept near each other in liquid compartments in the nucleus and recruit proteins such as CDC6 and other proteins that control when to commit the cell to divide. (cshl.edu)
  • The nucleus encodes the remaining proteins. (cytochemistry.net)
  • However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
  • Artificially colored electron micrographs of HSV-1 at the cell membrane (a), in transport to the nucleus (b), and bound at a nuclear pore complex (NPC) embedded within the nuclear envelope (c). (lu.se)
  • The novel MOA targets the pressurized genome state in a viral capsid, "turns off" capsid pressure, and blocks viral genome ejection into a cell nucleus, preventing viral replication. (lu.se)
  • Ultrathin sectioning EM shows that the addition of our antiviral compounds inhibits DNA ejection from HSV-1 C-capsids into a cell nucleus through the NPC. (lu.se)
  • Biophysical studies show that these architectural HMG proteins bind, bend and loop DNA to perform its biological functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glass or quartz nanopipettes have found increasing use as tools for studying the biophysical properties of DNA and proteins, and as sensor devices. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Recently FK506 binding protein 25 (FBP25) was also shown to non-specifically bind to DNA which helps in DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yeast Rad1-Rad10 (XPF-ERCC1 in mammals) incises UV, oxidation, and cross-linking agent-induced DNA lesions, and contributes to multiple DNA repair pathways. (nih.gov)
  • The binding activity expressed in embryos was apparently unrelated to human DNA repair damage-recognition proteins XPA、RPA-70 and RPA-32, since those polypeptides recognized by an anti-human XPA、RPA-70 and RPA-32 antibody were detected only in 84-h-old zebrafish extracts. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • DDB, a putative DNA repair protein, can function as a transcriptional partner of E2F1. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • DNA repair system (4 steps! (flashcardmachine.com)
  • DNA Repair (Amst). (uci.edu)
  • It preserves genome stability by binding to damaged DNA and activating DNA repair proteins. (reasons.org)
  • If the DNA damage is too severe for repair, p53 can also initiate apoptosis (programmed cell death). (reasons.org)
  • KIN17, which is known as a DNA and RNA binding protein, is highly expressed in numerous types of human cancers and was discovered to participate in several vital cell behaviors, including DNA replication, damage repair, regulation of cell cycle and RNA processing. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Previous studies have indicated that KIN17 is involved in global genome repair, DNA replication, transcription and regulation of the cell cycle as part of a multi-protein complex. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The human mutY homolog (hMYH) is a base excision repair DNA glycosylase that excises adenines or 2-hydroxyadenines that are mispaired with guanine or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). (biomedcentral.com)
  • A shortage of this protein may prevent normal DNA replication and repair, causing widespread damage to a person's genetic information over time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, as similar as they may appear to those newly introduced to these concepts, replication and transcription have unique roles to play in cellular activity. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) and its orthologs play important roles in DNA replication and checkpoint control [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the ORC1 protein binds to DNA, it recruits CDC6, a protein that regulates and recruits other proteins, to a liquid phase and completes the ORC ring. (cshl.edu)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • Replication, in the world of genetics, is a mesmerizing process through which a cell makes an exact copy or, to draw a more precise picture - duplicates its DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • The RECQL4 protein helps stabilize genetic information in the body's cells and plays a role in replicating and repairing DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When Dr. Nakazawa treated fission yeast with ICRF-193, he noticed that the cells appeared to have difficulty separating after DNA replication had occurred. (oist.jp)
  • Following treatment with ICRF-193, the mitotic spindles of fission yeast show an "arched and snapped" appearance during cell replication. (oist.jp)
  • Researchers can utilize this "arched and snapped" appearance to look for other drugs that affect fission yeast proteins in the same manner. (oist.jp)
  • The replication machinery and DNA-bound proteins of fission yeast are highly conserved and thus remarkably similar to other organisms, including humans. (oist.jp)
  • Because of this similarity, drugs that affect these proteins in fission yeast are likely to affect the related highly active proteins in human cancers. (oist.jp)
  • The top figure depicts the normal appearance of fission yeast following replication and subsequent separation. (oist.jp)
  • H3 along with four core histone proteins binds to DNA forming the structure of the nucleosome. (fishersci.com)
  • Structural proteins that bind DNA are well-understood examples of non-specific DNA-protein interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • These non-specific interactions are formed through basic residues in the histones making ionic bonds to the acidic sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA, and are therefore largely independent of the base sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • The specificity of these transcription factors' interactions with DNA come from the proteins making multiple contacts to the edges of the DNA bases, allowing them to read the DNA sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein-DNA interactions are involved in many fundamental biological processes essential for cellular function. (nature.com)
  • An analysis of the number of binding sites in the spatial context of the target site indicates that the interactions between binding sites next to each other are important for protein-DNA recognition and their binding ability. (nature.com)
  • Through its interactions with other proteins via its BRCT domains, hTopBP1 performs diverse functions [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry and global phosphoproteomic and protein abundance analyses using three IAV strains (pH1N1, H3N2, H5N1) in three human cell types (A549, NHBE, THP-1), we map 332 IAV-human protein-protein interactions and identify 13 IAV-modulated kinases. (cdc.gov)
  • Common among these 10 interactions of organic compounds, their power to detect excess cancer agents is the electrophilic nature of or their metabolites, with DNA and R 1 risk at particular sites. (who.int)
  • We recently discovered a high internal DNA pressure of tens of atmospheres in herpesvirus capsids, resulting from tight genome confinement and repulsive DNA-DNA interactions. (lu.se)
  • The knowledge about DNA-binding residues, binding specificity and binding affinity helps to not only understand the recognition mechanism of protein-DNA complex, but also give clues for protein function annotation. (nature.com)
  • The binding of 12-hr-old and 84-hr-old extracts to CPD- and 6-4PPs under various concentration of NaCl supported the possibility that different damage-recognition protein were expressed in zebrafish according to their developmental condition. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • The DNA damage-recognition problem in human and other eukaryotic cell: the XPA damage binding protein. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Characterization of DNA recognition by the human UV-damaged DNA-binding protein. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • The origin recognition complex (too small to be seen in this picture) is responsible for coordinating many parts of this DNA replication process. (cshl.edu)
  • The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a group of proteins involved with every cell division event in our cells. (cshl.edu)
  • Moreover, speci®c hy- found in narrow minor groove regions in a variety dration patterns seem to play a role in nucleotide sequence recognition by proteins (Otwinowski of oligonucleotide duplexes (Prive et al. (lu.se)
  • Over the next few decades researchers would use SV40 replication to discover dozens of cellular proteins that are necessary for human cell genome replication. (cshl.edu)
  • The Stillman lab searched for the protein(s) that start cell chromosome duplication, rather than virus genome replication. (cshl.edu)
  • They infered that the C-terminal PIP-box, plays a dual role in binding either PCNA or primase, and could be a master switch between an initiation phase and a processive phase during replication. (pasteur.fr)
  • Our recent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of ε provides a useful starting point toward a detailed understanding of HBV replication, and hints at the functional importance of ε dynamics. (nist.gov)
  • In Eukarya and Archaea, their processivity is greatly enhanced by binding to the proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) that encircles the DNA. (pasteur.fr)
  • The bacterial sliding clamp is referred to as the b clamp, while the eukaryotic and archaeal sliding clamp protein is called the proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). (pasteur.fr)
  • This complex includes nuclear membrane integral and associated proteins including emerin, lamin A/C, SUN1, SUN2, nesprin-1, and nesprin-2 that are proposed to form a mechanical link between the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton. (medscape.com)
  • Emerin is a ubiquitous inner nuclear membraneprotein, presentin nearly all cell types, although its highest expression is in skeletal and cardiacmuscle.Emerin binds to many nuclear proteins, including several gene-regulatory proteins (eg, barrier-to-autointegration factor, germ cell-less, Btf), nesprins (proteins that act as molecular scaffolds), F-actin, and lamins. (medscape.com)
  • Upon senescence, Jmjd3 is overexpressed and the MLL1 protein is recruited to the locus provoking the dissociation of Polycomb from the INK4/ARF locus, its transcriptional activation and its replication during early S-phase. (plos.org)
  • HPV is now known to be a small deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that infects epithelial cells and causes a variety of skin lesions. (medscape.com)
  • One of the oxidative DNA lesions frequently generated upon exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Briefly put, both DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) carry genetic information of all life forms guiding their biological functions. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Mathematical descriptions of protein-DNA binding taking into account sequence-specificity, and competitive and cooperative binding of proteins of different types are usually performed with the help of the lattice models. (wikipedia.org)
  • Computational methods to identify the DNA binding sequence specificity have been proposed to make a good use of the abundant sequence data in the post-genomic era. (wikipedia.org)
  • The smaller replication proteins, Rep40 and Rep52, require ATP to bind DNA, show no sequence specificity in DNA binding and lack the N-terminal nuclease domains. (utoledo.edu)
  • The findings show how a crucial enzyme in our blood, known as ADAMTS13, works like a pair of molecular scissors to carefully cut back the clotting effects of a key protein, von Willebrand factor (VWF). (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • By resolving the crystal structure of the functional domains of ADAMTS13, the research reveals how after binding VWF, the enzyme must change its shape to open the active site and in turn specifically accommodate the cleavage site in VWF. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • A3G moves along a DNA strand as part of its function as an enzyme, and when it reaches a particular one of the four bases in DNA, it chemically alters the DNA, causing HIV to mutate. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Many researchers doubted that a protein could have both enzyme and roadblock functions. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • An enzyme is designed to act rapidly, so the idea of the A3G protein starting off fast, and then gradually slowing down seemed physically impossible. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • This enzyme unwinds the double-stranded DNA, paving the way for replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Next, an enzyme known as a reverse transcriptase converts the ERV RNA into DNA, which can then be randomly inserted into the host cell's genome through the activity of another enzyme known as an integrase. (reasons.org)
  • Studies of the thermodynamics of binding of ligands to glycyl tRNAs suggest that the formation of glycyl adenylate, an obligate intermediate on the reaction pathway, is accompanied by a significant conformation change in the protein that alters the affinity of the enzyme for tRNA. (utoledo.edu)
  • HBV replication is initiated by the binding of polymerase (P) to epsilon (ε), a 61 nucleotide (nt) cis -acting regulatory stem-loop RNA located at the 5′-end of the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA). (nist.gov)
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Problems that arise during DNA replication can drive genomic alterations that are instrumental in the development of cancers and many human genetic disorders. (elifesciences.org)
  • Genomic DNA replication is carried out by so-called replicative DNAPs, which have evolved to copy the genome with high processivity and fidelity. (pasteur.fr)
  • performed on genomic DNA, using a 50 nuclease PCR assay. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Nakazawa's research centered on the use of a specific anti-cancer drug, ICRF-193, which targets a protein called DNA topoisomerase II. (oist.jp)
  • Human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (hTopBP1) plays an important role in DNA replication and the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, these proteins are often the targets of the signal transduction processes that control responses to environmental changes or cellular differentiation and development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two such fundamental processes that keep the wheels of life turning are Replication and Transcription. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • This interplay forms the foundation of processes like Replication and Transcription. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • They showed the result of the removal of an outer membrane protein from mitochondria called MDM10. (cytochemistry.net)
  • In eukaryotes, this structure involves DNA binding to a complex of small basic proteins called histones. (wikipedia.org)
  • The histones form a disk-shaped complex called a nucleosome, which contains two complete turns of double-stranded DNA wrapped around its surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we show that in young proliferating embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) member EZH2 together with PRC1 members BMI1 and M33 are strongly expressed and localized at the INK4/ARF regulatory domain (RD) identified as a DNA replication origin. (plos.org)
  • It was already known that A3G proteins bind to each other and form a multi-protein complex. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Once the complex is formed, the A3G proteins are no longer able to move rapidly along the DNA strand as needed for chemical modification of the DNA,' says Williams. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • We showed that PcG proteins bind unmethylated CpG dinucleotides via the CxxC domain of KDM2B, which is a component of the non-canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (ncPRC1). (riken.jp)
  • DNA Replication and RNA Transcription, although seemingly complex terms, hold within them concepts that are beautifully precise, methodical - true marvels of nature. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Yph1p was also found in complex with a variety of other proteins, including those involved in ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and checkpoint control. (rupress.org)
  • Across every domain of life, polymerase holoenzyme accessory proteins play an integral role in achieving the extraordinary efficacy and accuracy of the replicative polymerase complex. (pasteur.fr)
  • In their work, the Unit of Structural Dynamics of Macromolecules presented the structure of the DNA-bound PolD-PCNA complex from P. abyssi at 3.77 Å using an integrative structural biology approach, combining cryo-EM, X-ray crystallography, protein-protein interaction measurements and activity assays. (pasteur.fr)
  • Moreover, we observed that hMYH was essential for the accumulation of hTopBP1 on damaged DNA, where hTopBP1 interacts with hRad9, a component of the Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, 16 compounds targeting our identified host factors suppress IAV replication, with two targeting CDK2 and FLT3 showing pan-antiviral activity across influenza and coronavirus families. (cdc.gov)
  • Positive control at 37°C shows complete DNA ejection from C-capsids in the absence of compounds. (lu.se)
  • In the mammalian genome, this group of proteins assembles at tens of thousands of sites all at once, ensuring each chromosome is copied precisely once per cell division. (cshl.edu)
  • It's quite an intricate dance aimed at making sure every new chromosome is equipped with one old and one new strand of DNA - this is referred to as semi-conservative replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Our studies are aimed at understanding how these proteins assemble on DNA structures and the specificity of their interaction with DNA. (utoledo.edu)
  • Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)
  • Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)
  • We identified the replication licencing factor CDC6 as a new partner of the Polycomb group member BMI1. (plos.org)
  • Our results suggest that in young cells Polycomb proteins are recruited to the INK4/ARF locus through CDC6 and the resulting silent locus is replicated during late S-phase. (plos.org)
  • Agherbi H, Gaussmann-Wenger A, Verthuy C, Chasson L, Serrano M, Djabali M (2009) Polycomb Mediated Epigenetic Silencing and Replication Timing at the INK4a/ARF Locus during Senescence. (plos.org)
  • CHD6, a cellular repressor of influenza virus replication, is degraded in human alveolar epithelial cells and mice lungs during infection. (nih.gov)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • When blood vessels are damaged by a cut or by other types of vascular injury, VWF in blood plasma binds to the site of damage and unravels to form long protein strings that specifically capture specialised blood cells (platelets) to the site of injury. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Identification of one 50.2 and one 29-kDa UV-damage-DNA binding factor in 12-hr-old zebrafish extracts by EMSA linked to SDS-PAGE and determined by MALDI TOF analysis, indicated that the 29-kDa and 50.2-kDa polypeptides are high homologous to zebrafish fast skeletal muscle troponin T and vitellogenin. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • UV-binding factors found in 12-h-old zebrafish embryos may be involved in processing developmental stage-specific DNA structures similar to UV-damage DNA. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Our results suggested that hMYH is necessary for the accumulation of hTopBP1 to DNA damage lesion to induce the association of hTopBP1 with 9-1-1 and that the interaction between hMYH and hTopBP1 is essential for Chk1 activation. (biomedcentral.com)