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Transforming Growth Factor betaTransforming Growth Factor beta1Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor betaTransforming Growth FactorsTransforming Growth Factor beta2Transforming Growth Factor beta3Epidermal Growth FactorReceptor, Epidermal Growth FactorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AFibroblast Growth Factor 2Signal TransductionCells, CulturedPlatelet-Derived Growth FactorRNA, MessengerSmad2 ProteinGrowth SubstancesCell DivisionFibroblast Growth FactorsInsulin-Like Growth Factor IHepatocyte Growth FactorTransforming Growth Factor alphaEndothelial Growth FactorsCell LineActivin Receptors, Type INerve Growth FactorsReceptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor betaVascular Endothelial Growth FactorsFibroblastsReceptors, Growth FactorNerve Growth FactorTumor Cells, CulturedInterleukin-1betaGene Expression RegulationSmad3 ProteinReceptors, Platelet-Derived Growth FactorPhosphorylationSmad ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataMinkCell DifferentiationGene ExpressionProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesReceptors, Fibroblast Growth FactorImmunohistochemistryInsulin-Like Growth Factor IISmad7 ProteinBase SequenceRecombinant ProteinsTransfectionConnective Tissue Growth FactorIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionBlotting, WesternFibroblast Growth Factor 1LymphokinesCell ProliferationDNA-Binding ProteinsTrans-ActivatorsBlotting, NorthernEpithelial CellsTranscription, GeneticSmad4 ProteinCollagenbeta 2-MicroglobulinCell MovementFibroblast Growth Factor 7ActivinsCell Line, TumorDose-Response Relationship, DrugDown-RegulationTime FactorsBone Morphogenetic ProteinsUp-RegulationReceptors, Cell SurfaceReceptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorMice, Inbred C57BLExtracellular MatrixFibrosisCytokinesVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2ApoptosisIntegrin beta3Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2KineticsPromoter Regions, GeneticAmino Acid SequenceWound HealingReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1FibronectinsDNAProto-Oncogene ProteinsInterleukin-1Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1Collagen Type IProto-Oncogene Proteins c-sisEnzyme ActivationMutationTranscription FactorsCattleNeovascularization, Pathologic
Signaling pathwayProteinsKinaseLigandTGFBR1Endothelial cellsPeroxisome proliferTumorInducesTranscriptionProteinCytokinesRisk FactorsInhibitorEpidermal GrowthPathwaysBeta1Colorectal cancerIsoformInhibitsSubunitSmad2InhibitorsSolubleMoleculeRetinoicTypeHeteromericInhibinProliferationFibroblastConstitutivelyVascular endothAngiogenicDegradationHumanCellsRegulatorBoneBiologicalPlateletsCellFunctional
Signaling pathway3
  • Dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the Drosophila embryo is initiated by a broad Dorsal (Dl) nuclear gradient, which is regulated by a conserved signaling pathway that includes the Toll receptor and Pelle kinase. (sdbonline.org)
  • i.e., activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) receptor] and TGF-Beta/Smad signaling pathway in CNT-induced collagen production in human lung fibroblasts. (cdc.gov)
  • Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a multifunctional cytokine and plays important roles in regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis in a broad spectrum of tissues [ 12 ]. (degruyter.com)
Proteins11
  • Here, we report that normal adult human skin fibroblasts display two isoform-specific, cell surface glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored, TGF-beta binding proteins in addition to the type I, II, and III TGF-beta receptors. (eurekamag.com)
  • The identities of these proteins are confirmed on the basis of their affinity for TGF-beta isoforms, immunoprecipitation with specific antireceptor antibodies, and other biochemical analyses. (eurekamag.com)
  • These cells respond to TGF-beta by markedly down-regulating all five binding proteins and by potently augmenting DNA synthesis. (eurekamag.com)
  • The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily is a large group of structurally related cell regulatory proteins that was named after its first member, TGF-β1, originally described in 1983. (wikipedia.org)
  • These proteins interact with a conserved family of cell surface serine/threonine-specific protein kinase receptors, and generate intracellular signals using a conserved family of proteins called SMADs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aplha, transcription related growth factors and stimulating factors or repressing nuclear factors are complex subunits of proteins involved in cell differentiation. (tgf-a.com)
  • Can function as a specific repressor of TGF-beta, activin, and BMP signaling through its interaction with the R-SMAD proteins. (hmdb.ca)
  • Pan D, Estevez-Salmeron LD, Stroschein SL, Zhu X, He J, Zhou S, Luo K: The integral inner nuclear membrane protein MAN1 physically interacts with the R-Smad proteins to repress signaling by the transforming growth factor-{beta} superfamily of cytokines. (hmdb.ca)
  • Human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells were exposed to low, physiologically relevant concentrations (0.02-0.6 microg/cm2) of single-walled CNTs (SWCNT) and multiwalled CNTs (MWCNT) in culture and analyzed for collagen, TGF-Beta1, TGF-Beta R1, and SMAD proteins by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. (cdc.gov)
  • Both SWCNT and MWCNT induced an overexpression of TGF-Beta1, TGF-Beta R1 and Smad2/3 proteins in lung fibroblasts compared with vehicle or ultrafine carbon black-exposed controls. (cdc.gov)
  • The receptor also works insidethe cell as a shuttle craft, moving proteolytic enzymes to thelysosomes, a part of the cellular digestive system that breaksdown proteins into simpler compounds. (cancernetwork.com)
Kinase3
  • TGF-β signaling is initiated when the ligand binds to type II serine/threonine kinase receptor (TGFBR2), which then phosphorylates and activates type I serine/threonine kinase receptor (TGFBR1) [ 13 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Cell-specific delivery of a transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitor to proximal tubular cells for the treatment of renal fibrosis. (rug.nl)
  • Intervention in growth factor activated signaling pathways by renally targeted kinase inhibitors. (rug.nl)
Ligand3
  • Endogenous RPTPkappa associated with EGF receptor and HER2, resulting in suppression of basal and ErbB ligand-induced proliferation and receptor phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
  • NFKB 105 subunit for example is a polypetide gene enhancer of genes in B cells.The receptors are ligand binding factors of type 1, 2 or 3 and protein-molecules that receive chemical-signals from outside a cell. (tgf-a.com)
  • In this sense, am olfactory receptor is a protein-molecule that recognizes and responds to endogenous-chemical signals, chemokinesor cytokines e.g. an acetylcholine-receptor recognizes and responds to its endogenous-ligand, acetylcholine. (tgf-a.com)
TGFBR13
  • The role of transforming growth factor beta receptor type 1 (TGFBR1) polymorphisms, particularly a coding CGC insertion (rs11466445, TGFBR1*6A/9A) in exon 1, has been extensively investigated in regard to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We conclude that neither genetic variation nor ASE at TGFBR1 is likely to be a major CRC risk factor. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Upon binding, this complex translocates to the cytoplasm, where it interacts with TGF-beta receptor type-1 (TGFBR1), leading to the degradation of both the encoded protein and TGFBR1. (cancerindex.org)
Endothelial cells3
Peroxisome prolifer2
  • Leptin and adiponectin can augment the oxidation of fatty acid in liver by activating the nuclear receptor super-family of transcription factors, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. (wjgnet.com)
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands inhibit transforming growth factor-beta-induced, hyaluronan-dependent, T cell adhesion to orbital fibroblasts. (anaspec.com)
Tumor5
  • Cytokines secreted by adipocytes, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin-6, are implicated in NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)
  • The discovery that the gene-mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growthfactor II receptor (M6P/IGF2r)-acts as a tumor-suppressor genein human liver tumors could help researchers develop an earlydiagnostic test for liver cancer as well as new treatments, theresearchers said. (cancernetwork.com)
  • We believe that decisive treatment benefit can only be achieved by targeting distinct cell types and pathways that collectively sustain tumor growth. (lu.se)
  • Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • Consistent with M1 polarization, the MWCNTs induced the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor- and interleukin-1, and proinflammatory LMs leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). (cdc.gov)
Induces3
  • Because the type I receptor does not bind TGF-beta in the absence of type II receptor, these results indicate that one molecule of TGF-beta induces the formation of a heterooligomeric complex containing more than one molecule each of type I and II TGF-beta receptors on these cells. (eurekamag.com)
  • Binding of CSF-1 induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of its receptor. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Yen ML, Su JL, Chien CL , Tseng KW, Yang CY, Chen WF, Chang CC, and Kuo ML. Diosgenin induces HIF-1 activation and angiogenesis through estrogen receptor-related PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK pathways in osteoblasts. (ntu.edu.tw)
Transcription4
Protein10
  • In TGF-beta-treated MCF10A mammary epithelial cells overexpressing HER2 and by chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified novel Smad targets including protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type kappa (PTPRK). (nih.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene forms a heteromeric complex with type II TGF-beta receptors when bound to TGF-beta, transducing the TGF-beta signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm. (nih.gov)
  • TGF-beta-1 is a peptide of 112 amino acid residues derived by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal of a precursor protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The encoded protein is the I-branching enzyme, a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase responsible for the conversion of fetal i antigen to adult I antigen in erythrocytes during embryonic development. (nih.gov)
  • Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. (hmdb.ca)
  • Lin F, Morrison JM, Wu W, Worman HJ: MAN1, an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane, binds Smad2 and Smad3 and antagonizes transforming growth factor-beta signaling. (hmdb.ca)
  • The protein receptor produced by M6P/IGF2r is an attractive targetbecause it is present on the cell surface and in the plasma, Jirtlesaid, making it readily accessible for use in both liver tumortherapy and diagnosis. (cancernetwork.com)
  • When working properly, the M6P/IGF2r receptor protein has at leastthree distinct regulatory roles within a cell, said Jirtle. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Because the receptor is involved both in switching on a growthinhibitor and inactivating a growth factor, the researchers hypothesizedthat losing it might well predispose a cell to cancerous growth.Their past studies showing that the protein was abundantly presentin normal liver cells but nearly absent in cancer cells strengthenedtheir suspicion. (cancernetwork.com)
  • A cardiomelic developmental field has also been postulated to relate the genetic heterogeneity of HOS (and other similar syndromes) to a cascade of molecules, including the brachyury, sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, retinoic acid receptor, and transforming growth factor beta families. (medscape.com)
Cytokines1
  • This in turn results in an exponential production of multiple factors such as cytokines and growth factors leading to the clinical manifestations of PE [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Risk Factors4
  • [2] Tobacco, areca nut, alcohol, and high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus 16/18 constitute major risk factors to oral cancer. (brjnmims.org)
  • Priapism occurs in 30-45% of male patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), but the possible influence of genetic risk factors on the incidence of priapism is not well understood. (duke.edu)
  • The efficacy, safety, and risk factors related to the recurrence of the operation were retrospectively analysed, and the surgical techniques of fully E-MVD were summarised. (bvsalud.org)
  • The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) area ratio (healthy/affected side), the length of disease duration, and the type of responsible vessels are the risk factors related to the recurrence of HFS, TN, and GPN treated by fully E-MVD. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibitor3
  • SWCNT- and MWCNT-induced collagen production was blocked by ALK5 inhibitor or shRNA knockdown of TGF-Beta R1 and Smad2. (cdc.gov)
  • Itis involved in activating a very potent growth inhibitor, transforminggrowth factor beta, and it disables a positive growth factor,insulin-like growth factor II. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The cell-free media from MWCNT-polarized macrophages induced the migration of neutrophilic cells (differentiated from HL-60), which was blocked by Acebilustat, a specific leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, or LY239111, an LTB4 receptor antagonist, but not NS-398, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, revealing LTB4 as a major mediator of neutrophil chemotaxis from MWCNT-polarized macrophages. (cdc.gov)
Epidermal Growth1
Pathways1
  • Thus, Dab-2/p96 is an important adaptor molecule in growth factor signaling pathways. (bdbiosciences.com)
Beta11
  • BACKGROUND: TGF-beta1 is an important angiogenic factor involved in the different aspects of angiogenesis and vessel maintenance. (duke.edu)
Colorectal cancer1
Isoform1
  • However, there is limited information on the TGF-beta receptor types, isoform specificity, and complex formation in skin fibroblasts. (eurekamag.com)
Inhibits1
  • Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits proliferation and promotes cell migration. (nih.gov)
Subunit2
  • Complex subunit associated factors are involved in hybridoma growth, Eosinohils, eritroid proliferation and derived from promotor binding stimulating subunits on the DNA binding complex. (tgf-a.com)
  • Effects of amphetamine on the AMPA-mediated synaptic activity and the expression of AMPA receptor subunit 2 of brain neurons. (ntu.edu.tw)
Smad23
  • Chemical inhibition of ALK5 and short-hairpin (sh) RNA targeting of TGF-Beta R1 and Smad2 were used to probe the fibrogenic mechanism of CNTs. (cdc.gov)
  • Our results indicate the critical role of TGF-Beta R1/Smad2/3 signaling in CNT-induced fibrogenesis by upregulating collagen production in lung fibroblasts. (cdc.gov)
  • TGF-beta signalling is mediated by the TbetaRII/ALK5 receptor complex activating the Smad2/Smad3 pathway. (duke.edu)
Inhibitors1
  • In silico analysis, therefore, was performed to identify small drug-like molecules as potential inhibitors of transforming growth factor beta-2 receptor (TGFβRII). (brjnmims.org)
Soluble1
  • Like sFlt1, soluble endoglin (sEng) is an antiangiogenic factor capable of inhibiting capillary tube formation in vitro [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Molecule1
Retinoic1
  • Smith ER, Capo-chichi CD, He J. Disabled-2 mediates c-Fos suppression and the cell growth regulatory activity of retinoic acid in embryonic carcinoma cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Type4
  • Immunoprecipitation results also indicated oligomeric complex formation between type I and II and between type II and III TGF-beta receptors. (eurekamag.com)
  • Furthermore, by using affinity labeling and two-dimensional electrophoresis, we demonstrate the occurrence of type I and II heterodimers and type I homodimers of TGF-beta receptors on these cells. (eurekamag.com)
  • transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II cause familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, the results suggest endothelial cell type specific ALK1 and TGF-beta signalling. (duke.edu)
Heteromeric1
  • These results allow the expansion of the proposed heteromeric TGF-beta receptor signaling paradigm using mutant cells that are unresponsive to TGF-beta and cell lines that have been transfected to overexpress these receptors, to include normal TGF-beta-responsive cells. (eurekamag.com)
Inhibin1
  • As shown in the following schematic representation, there are four disulfide bonds in the TGF-beta's and in inhibin beta chains, while the other members of this superfamily lack the first bond. (wikipedia.org)
Proliferation2
Fibroblast2
  • Fibroblasts play a critical role in wound repair and in the development of fibrotic diseases, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been shown to profoundly modulate fibroblast function. (eurekamag.com)
  • It is caused by multiple mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene, FGFR2 . (medscape.com)
Constitutively2
  • What are the consequences of expressing a constitutively activated form of the Toll receptor, Toll(10b), in anterior regions of the early embryo? (sdbonline.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: ALK1 signalling analysis identifies angiogenesis related genes and reveals disparity between TGF-beta and constitutively active receptor induced gene expression. (duke.edu)
Vascular endoth1
  • The most widely studied serum markers for PE, to date, are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF). (hindawi.com)
Angiogenic1
  • Angiogenic factors and their receptors are important regulators of placental vascular development [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Degradation1
  • Phagocytosis is a term coined from the Greek to describe the receptor-mediated engulfment and degradation of dead cells and microbes. (frontiersin.org)
Human3
  • In addition, the definition of TGF-beta receptor profiles in human skin fibroblasts provides important information for studying their alterations in these cells in various skin diseases. (eurekamag.com)
  • Transforming growth factor-beta in human platelets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recognizes human TGF-Beta RIII. (tgf-a.com)
Cells3
  • In MCF10A/HER2 cells, TGF-beta enhanced cell motility, FAK phosphorylation, F-actin assembly, and focal adhesion formation and inhibited RhoA activity. (nih.gov)
  • Atheroprotection was also documented in apoe(-/-) mice lacking functional transforming growth factor-beta receptors on T cells. (lu.se)
  • PDGF-receptor b -targeted adenovirus redirects gene transfer from hepatocytes to activated stellate cells. (rug.nl)
Regulator1
  • Identification of TGF-beta receptor-1 as a key regulator of carbon nanotube -induced fibrogenesis. (cdc.gov)
Bone1
  • Introduction and Objective: Because L-PRP constitutes an important source of growth factor that is associated with osteogenesis and fibrogenesis, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-PRP on the presence of collagen III and MMP-2 and MMP-9, while comparing these results by means of a histomorphometric analysis of bone matrix and fibrous deposition on bone repair. (bvsalud.org)
Biological1
  • They play fundamental roles in the regulation of basic biological processes such as growth, development, tissue homeostasis and regulation of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Platelets2
  • Overview of Vascular Bleeding Disorders Bleeding may result from abnormalities in Platelets Coagulation factors Blood vessels Vascular bleeding disorders result from defects in blood vessels, typically causing cutaneous or mucosal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The reason for its use is the higher number of platelets, which is an important source of growth factors, such TGF- β1, that hypothetically possess a stimulating effect on regulation and differentiation in mesenchymal tissue repair 10 . (bvsalud.org)
Cell2
  • Assays of monocyte migration toward stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) were performed using monocytes from Caucasian and African American healthy donors and patients with SSc. (nih.gov)
  • When such chemical-signals couple or bind to a receptor, they cause some form of cellular/tissue-response, e.g. a change in the electrical-activity of a cell. (tgf-a.com)
Functional1
  • World Health Organization functional class II versus III) as fixed factors, and baseline value as covariate. (ersjournals.com)