• Among activating class III receptor tyrosine kinase (Flt3) mutations, internal tandem duplications of Flt3 (Flt3-ITD) are detected in about 25% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (nih.gov)
  • Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase FER is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FER gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. (cancerindex.org)
  • AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is commonly overexpressed in several solid tumours and numerous hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein and member of the protein kinase superfamily that regulates cell growth and differentiation. (biolegend.com)
  • Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ), KRAS, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) are mutually exclusive in patients with NSCLC, and the presence of one mutation in lieu of another can influence response to targeted therapy. (medscape.com)
  • The role of human EGFR2 (HER2), a member of the ERBB family of tyrosine kinase receptors, has been studied for NSCLC. (medscape.com)
  • CONCLUSION: These results suggest that overexpression of TrkB and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and AP-1, which may in turn induce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8, may mediate the cardinal clinical features of locally aggressive growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. (duke.edu)
  • Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. (joplink.net)
  • Gene mutations that cause loss of receptor function are associated with CONGENITAL INSENSITIVITY TO PAIN WITH ANHIDROSIS, while gene rearrangements that activate the protein-tyrosine kinase function are associated with tumorigenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Proto-oncogene proteins that negatively regulate RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE signaling. (nih.gov)
  • Phosphorylation of EGFR at certain residues is also mediated by Src-non-receptor kinase. (thermofisher.com)
  • MET receptor tyrosine kinase and its natural ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, have been implicated in a variety of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (psu.edu)
  • MET overexpression or activation is a known cause of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC. (psu.edu)
  • Agwa, ES & Ma, PC 2014, ' Targeting the MET receptor tyrosine kinase in non-small cell lung cancer: Emerging role of tivantinib ', Cancer Management and Research , vol. 6, pp. 397-404. (psu.edu)
  • The activation of the PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase triggers the proliferation of DFSP tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • The receptor tyrosine kinase RET is a member of the cadherin superfamily. (thermofisher.cn)
  • The GDNF family ligands (GFLs) function through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-(GPI) anchored coreceptor, GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRα), and rearranged during transfection (RET), a well-known receptor tyrosine kinase involved in kidney development, spermatogonial stem cell maintenance, and the development and maintenance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Protein kinase Cd and c-Abl kinase are required for transforming growth factor ß induction of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro. (jefferson.edu)
  • A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. (lookformedical.com)
  • In the latter tissue, this was accompanied by improved insulin signaling, as suggested by higher activation of the insulin receptor and of the Akt/protein kinase B pathway. (unige.ch)
  • HERZUMA (trastuzumab-pkrb) is a humanized IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody that selectively binds with high affinity to the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein, HER2 . (rxlist.com)
  • MA5-14485 targets Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in IHC (P) applications and shows reactivity with Human samples. (thermofisher.com)
  • EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor, HER1, ErbB1) is encoded by the EGFR gene located on chromosome 7 in humans. (thermofisher.com)
  • EGFR is a transmembrane receptor and binding of its cognate ligands such as EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) and TGF alpha (Transforming Growth Factor alpha) to the extracellular domain leads to EGFR dimerization followed by autophosphorylation of the tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain. (thermofisher.com)
  • The EGFR gene provides instructions for making a receptor protein called the epidermal growth factor receptor, which spans the cell membrane so that one end of the protein remains inside the cell and the other end projects from the outer surface of the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor binds to at least seven different ligands. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The binding of a ligand to epidermal growth factor receptor allows the receptor to attach to another nearby epidermal growth factor receptor protein (dimerize), turning on (activating) the receptor complex. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lung cancers with EGFR gene mutations tend to respond to treatments that specifically target the overactive epidermal growth factor receptor protein that allows cancer cells to constantly grow and divide. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We demonstrate that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and TGFα transactivate the GPR30 promoter and accordingly up-regulate GPR30 mRNA and protein levels only in endometrial and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. (unical.it)
  • Phosphorylation of EGFR at Y1086 specifically allows binding of the adaptor protein GRB2, leading to activation of the MAPK pathway. (thermofisher.com)
  • EGFR belongs to the HER/ERbB family of proteins that includes three other receptor tyrosine kinases, ERbB2, ERbB3, ERbB4. (thermofisher.com)
  • Upon receptor activation and signaling, EGFR is endocytosed and targeted for degradation or recycling. (thermofisher.com)
  • Mutations in the EGFR gene are associated with lung cancer and multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encode different protein isoforms of EGFR have been found. (thermofisher.com)
  • The EGFR family: not so prototypical receptor tyrosine kinases. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These effects exerted by EGF and TGFα were dependent on EGF receptor (EGFR) expression and activation and involved phosphorylation of the Tyr 1045 and Tyr1173 EGFR sites. (unical.it)
  • Using gene-silencing experiments and specific pharmacological inhibitors, we have ascertained that EGF and TGFα induce GPR30 expression through the EGFR/ERK transduction pathway, and the recruitment of c-fos to the activator protein-1 site located within GPR30 promoter sequence. (unical.it)
  • Interestingly, we show that functional cross talk of GPR30 with both activated EGFR and ERα relies on a physical interaction among these receptors, further extending the potential of estrogen to trigger a complex stimulatory signaling network in hormone-sensitive tumors. (unical.it)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: {beta}-Arrestin is crucial for ubiquitination and down-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor by acting as adaptor for the MDM2 E3 ligase. (duke.edu)
  • The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays important roles in physiological growth and aging as well as promoting several crucial functions in cancer cells. (duke.edu)
  • These rearrangements fuse the collagen type I alpha 1 ( COL1A1 ) and the PDGF-beta chain ( PDGFB , c-sis proto-oncogene) genes. (medscape.com)
  • State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health. (medsci.org)
  • Non-receptor tyrosine kinases encoded by the C-ABL GENES. (rush.edu)
  • BACKGROUND: Progenipoietin-4 (ProGP-4) is an E. coli derived chimeric growth factor that activates the human Flt3 and G-CSF receptors. (medscimonit.com)
  • The receptor tyrosine kinases KIT and FLT3 are both important regulators of development and maintenance of a number of different cell types. (lu.se)
  • Herein, we demonstrate that agonistic ligation of these receptor subunits rapidly induces proteasomal degradation of the betac, but not the Ralpha, cytoplasmic domain, resulting in termination of signal transduction and yielding a truncated betac isoform ligated to the Ralpha subunit. (tamu.edu)
  • The signaling pathways activated by the oncogenic mutants are in part overlapping with those normally activated by these receptors, but there are also signal transduction pathways that are unique to the oncogenic mutants. (lu.se)
  • GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. (hatinhibitor.com)
  • When the level of estrogen receptor (ER)-β mRNA in tumors, determined by reverse transcription-PCR, was assessed according to either ER status or PR status alone, determined by ligand binding assays, the level of ER-β mRNA was significantly lower in PR+ tumors compared with PR−tumors ( P = 0.036), and no association with ER status was found. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. (joplink.net)
  • These gene changes result in a receptor protein that is constantly turned on (constitutively activated), even when it is not bound to a ligand. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These data provide the first evidence for ligand-dependent proteasomal degradation of the betac cytoplasmic domain, and they establish a novel mechanism for heterotypic desensitization of shared cytokine receptor signaling. (tamu.edu)
  • Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member. (lookformedical.com)
  • Its ability to ubiquitinate p53 is regulated by TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P14ARF. (umassmed.edu)
  • Interestingly, it also seemed that the level of ER-β mRNA varied among breast tumors but was not correlated with the expression of ER-α (4) , although the two receptor mRNAs were often coexpressed in the same tumor. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The fusion protein is then processed into functional PDGF-B and subsequently interacts with the PDGF receptor on the cell surface of DFSP tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • We tested possible down-modulating effects of these monoclonal antibodies on SKBR-3 mammary tumor cells, which express high levels of wild-type human neu protein. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
  • Mdm2 Phosphorylation Regulates Its Stability and Has Contrasting Effects on Oncogene and Radiation-Induced Tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)
  • By a broad mass spectrometry based approach on whole cells we are in the process of identifying additional such proteins and their phosphorylation status. (lu.se)
  • Fer protein is a member of the FPS/FES family of nontransmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The RET proto-oncogene encodes receptor-level protein tyrosine kinases that are involved in cellular proliferation pathways. (onco360.com)
  • This positioning allows the receptor to attach (bind) to other proteins, called ligands, outside the cell and to receive signals that help the cell respond to its environment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ligands and receptors fit together like keys into locks. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although these receptors are structurally similar, they determine specificity for four ligands-GDNF, Neurturin (NRTN), Artemin (ARTN) and Persephin (PSPN). (medsci.org)
  • Wise encodes a secreted protein capable of inducing posterior neural markers at a distance. (unimib.it)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Recent cancer genome deep sequencing efforts have revealed an unanticipated high frequency of mutations in G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in most tumour types. (nature.com)
  • Mutually exclusive activating mutations in GNAQ or GNA11 (encoding Gα q family members) occur in 5.6% of tumours, and they are present in ∼ 66% and ∼ 6% of melanomas arising in the eye and skin, respectively, where they can act as driver oncogenes. (nature.com)
  • In the present study, we evaluated the regulation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)30 expression in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive endometrial, ovarian, and estrogen-sensitive, as well as tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. (unical.it)
  • Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important. (lookformedical.com)
  • There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives. (lookformedical.com)
  • One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteasomal degradation of the betac cytoplasmic domain was also a prerequisite for endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of the ligated receptor subunits. (tamu.edu)
  • Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. (lookformedical.com)
  • Mexican women: OR = 0.973, 95% CI 0.969-0.978), and stronger protective effects on oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC than on ER-negative and triple-negative BC. (bvsalud.org)
  • Proteasomal regulation of betac signaling reveals a novel mechanism for cytokine receptor heterotypic desensitization. (tamu.edu)
  • 19 normal healthy in- receptor protein (CD117) that is structurally dividuals were recruited as a control group. (who.int)
  • These alterations may arise from cancer-specific changes in gene copy number, as well as from other genetic, epigenetic and post-translational changes resulting in higher protein expression, thereby enhancing tumour progression and metastasis. (nature.com)
  • Despite advances in genetic screening for the RET proto-oncogene, preliminary population studies have yet to show a definitive impact on disease prognosis. (medscape.com)
  • SCF R is also known as the c-kit proto-oncogene protein and as CD117. (rndsystems.com)
  • Characterization of dendritic cells generated in vivo by an E. coli derived chimeric dual receptor agonist. (medscimonit.com)
  • E. coli derived chimeric receptor agonists such as ProGP-4 may enable further investigations of immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity. (medscimonit.com)
  • Malignant transformation is usually the result of chromosomal translocations that activate proto-oncogenes or create a chimeric fusion protein. (oncolink.org)
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • Upon the occupancy of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2, the increased serum level of free Angiotensin II (Ang II) due to a reduction of ACE2-mediated degradation promotes activation of the NF-kappa B pathway via Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), followed by interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. (kegg.jp)
  • The brain has shown the presence of various components of brain RAS such as angiotensinogen (AGT), converting enzymes, angiotensin (Ang), and specific receptors (ATR). (hindawi.com)
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts Ang I into angiotensin II (Ang II) which acts on an angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptor. (hindawi.com)
  • Intrinsic brain RAS is an enzyme-neuropeptide system having functional components (angiotensinogen, peptidases, angiotensin, and specific receptor proteins) with important biological and neurobiological activities in the brain. (hindawi.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar epithelial cells [mainly alveolar epithelial type 2 (AEC2) cells] through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. (kegg.jp)
  • Here we provide evidence that beta-arrestin, otherwise known to be involved in the regulation of G protein-coupled receptors, serves as an adaptor to bring the oncoprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 to the IGF-1R. (duke.edu)
  • In this way, beta-arrestin acts as a crucial component in the ubiquitination and down-regulation of the receptor. (duke.edu)
  • However, because depletion of beta-arrestin 1 almost completely eliminated degradation, and IGF-1 induced down-regulation of the receptor in these cells, whereas beta-arrestin 2 only had a partial effect, beta-arrestin 1 seems to the more important isoform in affecting the expression of IGF-1R. (duke.edu)
  • Background: Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. (hatinhibitor.com)
  • The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. (joplink.net)
  • The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • The Wise protein physically interacts with the Wnt co-receptor, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), and is able to compete with Wnt8 for binding to LRP6. (unimib.it)
  • However, it is becoming increasingly clear that these factors and their receptors are also widely found to express across many different cancers with further research. (medsci.org)