Recent phagocytosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

In multicellular organisms, and more particularly in animals with a well-developed immune system, phagocytosis is mostly performed by specialized, professional phagocytes: macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and neutrophils. (frontiersin.org)
Cell biology of phagocytosis has been mainly established on bone marrow-derived tissue macrophages. (frontiersin.org)
PCI dosage decreased phagocytosis of apoptotic Jurkat cells by U937 macrophages dependently. (cancerhugs.com)
The generally recognized eat-me/dont-eat-me style of Compact disc47/SIRP legislation of phagocytosis is normally a two-signal model, where macrophages need the lack of SIRP signaling (indication 1) aswell as the current presence of an activating or eat-me indication (indication 2). (nihvp.org)
In addition, SIRP-Fc-VVs readily infect tumor cells and induce phagocytosis by macrophages. (squalene-epoxidase.com)
Moreover, the genetic engineering of macrophages with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) allows them to recognize tumor antigens and perform tumor cell-specific phagocytosis. (springer.com)
Herein, we introduce the role of macrophages in tumor progression, summarize the recent advances in macrophage-centered anticancer therapy, and discuss their challenges as well as future applications. (springer.com)
Phagocytosis of invading pathogens by macrophages is a key component of this initial response. (uspharmacist.com)
We investigate the effect of C3 ablation on macrophage activity and phagocytosis by outer retinal macrophages during photo-oxidative damage. (molvis.org)
The results show that the absence of C3 mitigates the phagocytosis of photoreceptors by macrophages in the outer retina, and the net impact of C3 depletion is neuroprotective in the context of photo-oxidative damage. (molvis.org)
This process is known as phagocytosis, where neutrophils and macrophages literally devour pathogens, while natural killer cells cause virus-infected or cancerous cells to self-destruct via a process known as apoptosis . (nutrichem.com)
Additionally, phagocytosis, a function microglia share with other tissue macrophages, is critical to their role in brain disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Phagocytosis involves the engulfment and digestion of detrimental foreign objects (e.g., microbes) by different immune cells of our body, such as macrophages. (portlandpress.com)
A recent focus is on how macrophages clean up dead cells from tissues. (wur.nl)

There is evidence for C1q-mediated microglial phagocytosis in the clearance of apoptotic cells (36, 37). (nos-nop.org)
It has been shown that intracellular PI3K signaling brought on by Galectin-3 is crucial for activating CR3-mediated microglial phagocytosis of myelin (47, 48). (nos-nop.org)
More importantly, the functional consequences of microglial phagocytosis remain largely unexplored. (frontiersin.org)
The present review will summarize the current state of the literature regarding the role of microglial phagocytosis in maintaining tissue homeostasis in health as in disease. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we examine the existing scientific literature to synthesize the hypothesis that microglial phagocytosis of amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be selectively enhanced via metabolic interventions. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we discuss the effects of metabolic factors on microglial phagocytosis of healthy synapses, a pathological process that also contributes to the progression of AD. (biomedcentral.com)
We conclude by enlisting the current challenges that need to be addressed before strategies to harness microglial phagocytosis to clear pathological protein deposits in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders can be widely adopted. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, an aberrant response of microglia to Aβ deposits and degenerating neurons can lead to inflammatory states that further contribute to neuronal damage [ 3 ] Thus, finding ways to preferentially enhance microglial phagocytosis of toxic deposits such as Aβ without degradation of healthy synapses or exaggerated inflammatory responses could be an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy in NDDs, such as AD (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Through its Fc domains, SRF231 engagement with macrophage-derived Compact disc32a acts dual reasons by eliciting FcR-mediated phagocytosis of cancers cells and performing being a scaffold to operate a FLJ14936 vehicle Compact disc47-mediated loss of life signaling into tumor cells. (nihvp.org)
Bottom line SRF231 elicits antitumor activity via phagocytosis and BKI-1369 apoptosis regarding macrophage engagement in a way reliant on the FcR, Compact disc32a. (nihvp.org)
Changes in macrophage phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been observed. (cdc.gov)
Zhou XF, Liu XR, Huang L. Macrophage-mediated tumor cell phagocytosis: opportunity for nanomedicine intervention. (springer.com)
Here, we reviewed the recent advances from the laboratory mouse about macrophage origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions during parasitic helminth infection. (hindawi.com)
Macrophage abundance and phagocytosis were assessed with immunolabeling for pan-macrophage and phagocytic markers, in conjunction with TUNEL staining in cohorts of C3 KO and WT mice. (molvis.org)

In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, in particular focusing on the related receptors for recognition and internalization of pathogens as well as the downstream signal pathways and intracellular regulators involved in the process of hemocyte phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
Phagocytosis currently is described as an endocytic process that endogenous foreign particles or pathogens larger than 0.5 μm were first recognized by phagocyte surface receptor and then uptaken and engulfed into a plasma-membrane device, known as phagosome, following initiation of a signaling cascade to generate phagolysosome by fusion of phagosome with lysosomes. (frontiersin.org)
Phagocytosis has been considered as an essential defense mechanism of immune response to pathogens among eukaryotes, which are also implicated in diverse physiological processes, including development, apoptotic, tissue repair, and host defense ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
2] In recent years, klebsiellae have become important pathogens in nosocomial infections. (medscape.com)
Most bacterial pathogens responsible for such infections are enclosed by polysaccharide capsules that protect them from phagocytosis and complement- mediated killing, ensuring their persistence on the respiratory mucosa and survival in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. (cdc.gov)

A recent presentation at the 2019 Society for Neuroscience conference reported that pretreatment of transformed mouse brain microglial cells (BV-2 cells) or primary mouse microglia with a C3aR agonist increased their motility and their ability to phagocytose beads and A plaques. (nos-nop.org)
For example, an study showed that whereas short-lived exposure to C3a increases A phagocytosis by primary microglia, chronic exposure attenuates A Tirbanibulin Mesylate phagocytosis, an effect that can be reversed by C3aR antagonists (45). (nos-nop.org)
In addition, microglia phagocytoses brain-specific cargo, such as axonal and myelin debris in spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis, amyloid-β deposits in Alzheimer's disease, and supernumerary synapses in postnatal development. (frontiersin.org)
Common mechanisms of recognition, engulfment, and degradation of the different types of cargo are assumed, but very little is known about the shared and specific molecules involved in the phagocytosis of each target by microglia. (frontiersin.org)
Phagocytosis has been traditionally studied in pathological conditions, leading to the assumption that microglia have to be activated in order to become efficient phagocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Recent data, however, has shown that unchallenged microglia phagocytose apoptotic cells during development and in adult neurogenic niches, suggesting an overlooked role in brain remodeling throughout the normal lifespan. (frontiersin.org)
Microglia perform multiple functions in the central nervous system, including surveillance, phagocytosis and release of a variety of soluble factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Notably, inflammatory response and phagocytosis are among the most crucial properties of microglia that are not only important for their physiological functions but also relevant to their implication in brain pathologies. (biomedcentral.com)
Phagocytosis is initiated by the interaction of target particles with phagocytic receptors expressed on microglia. (biomedcentral.com)

Current literature also reveals PS-binding proteins that inhibit phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, like the well known apoptosis marker Annexin V [20], or high mobility group protein-1 [21]. (cancerhugs.com)

Phagocytosis is an ancient, highly conserved process in all multicellular organisms, through which the host can protect itself against invading microorganisms and environmental particles, as well as remove self-apoptotic cells/cell debris to maintain tissue homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Milk fat globule CEGF-factor-8 and protein S are well known opsonins, stimulating phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) acting as a bridge for the exposed PS [18], [19]. (cancerhugs.com)

To test whether astrocyte phagocytosis is responsible for this synaptic pruning, Chung turned to mice lacking multiple EGF-like-domains 10 (MEGF10) and C-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MERTK), two phagocytic receptors that are highly expressed in astrocytes (see Jan 2008 news story ). (alzforum.org)

Doxorubicin enhances the expression of "eat-me" signals by dying tumor cells, facilitating their phagocytosis by dendritic cells (DC). (aacrjournals.org)
In vitro , doxorubicin microparticles were less cytotoxic to DCs than to B lymphoma cells, did not require internalization by tumor cells, and significantly enhanced phagocytosis of tumor cells by DCs as compared with soluble doxorubicin. (aacrjournals.org)

However, phagocytosis can also activate the respiratory burst, which produces toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). (frontiersin.org)
The induced IgG and IgM antibodies were able to stimulate various Fc-mediated effector mechanisms associated with protection against malaria, including phagocytosis, release of reactive oxygen species, production of IFN-γ as well as complement activation and fixation. (nature.com)

In apoptosis PS serves as an important marker and phagocytosis signal [14], [15]. (cancerhugs.com)

Phagocytosis, the uptake of large targets by immune cells, is important for clearing bacteria during infection as well as removal of dead tissue cells in homeostasis. (wur.nl)

Given that an individual astrocyte can touch thousands of synapses, Chung and colleagues wondered if astrocyte phagocytosis contributes to synaptic turnover. (alzforum.org)
Unlike wild-type cells, astrocytes in the MEGF10- and MERTK-deficient mice ingested no synaptic components and the visual system of these animals failed to mature, suggesting that phagocytosis of synapses contributes to development of the retina. (alzforum.org)

Phagocytosis is a term coined from the Greek to describe the receptor-mediated engulfment and degradation of dead cells and microbes. (frontiersin.org)

CR3-mediated phagocytosis is also implicated in synaptic phagocytosis Cdh15 in the APP mouse model, suggesting that this same pathway leading to clearance of A is also involved in synapse loss (28). (nos-nop.org)

Conversely, they can mitigate damage through the phagocytosis of harmful debris and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. (listlabs.com)
However, in some studies done in vitro (ie, cells in culture and not in a human or animal model), TREM2 served beneficial functions, including to promote phagocytosis (ie, encapsulation and removal of cellular "debris"), downregulate inflammatory cytokines, and encourage an anti-inflammatory response. (brightfocus.org)

This suggested that CERKL may regulate the phagocytosis of OSs by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (duke.edu)

V-ATPase is a universal regulator of LC3-associated phagocytosis and non-canonical autophagy. (babraham.ac.uk)
Here, we highlight recent insights into integrin control of intracellular trafficking in processes such as degranulation, mechanotransduction, cell-cell communication, antibody production, virus entry, Toll-like receptor signaling, autophagy, and phagocytosis, as well as the release and uptake of extracellular vesicles. (uu.nl)

Dissociation of opsonized particle phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity in an Epstein-Barr virus-infected myeloid cell line. (umassmed.edu)

Together with inflammation, phagocytosis composes the first line of defense against multicellular organisms by the innate immune system. (frontiersin.org)
Owing to its importance and contributions to the innate and adaptive immune function in relation to human and animal health, phagocytosis still remains of great interests to many scientists. (frontiersin.org)
During the past few decades, hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, as one of the most important innate cellular immune function, has also received great attention in crustacean, and a good progress in elucidating the involvement of hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, as well as its protective roles and mechanisms, against bacterial and viral infections has been achieved. (frontiersin.org)
The Fc portion of these biological agents binds specifically to cell surface Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and this may affect their half life and certain innate and adaptive immune responses, such as phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (bmj.com)

1997) More recent study has corroborated the diabetes-infection connection, agreeing that neutrophil phagocytosis is impaired when glucose control is less than adequate. (bodybio.com)

Because of the improved culture methods and sensitive nucleic acid amplification assays developed in recent years, Kingella kingae , a gram-negative coccobacillus of the Neisseriaceae family, is increasingly recognized as an invasive pathogen of early childhood. (cdc.gov)

Proposing a pathophysiological mechanism of 'venous congestion,' analogous to lower-limb chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), 8 they interpreted the predominantly venotopic location of MS lesions as a consequence of local erythrocyte extravasation owing to elevated transmural venous pressure, followed by erythrocyte degradation and iron-driven phagocytosis. (bmj.com)

Complement-mediated phagocytosis is not restricted to C3 opsonins and CR3 and/or CR4 engagement. (nos-nop.org)

Professional phagocytes increase their consumption of molecular oxygen during the phagocytosis of microbes or when encountering a variety of nonparticulate stimuli. (nih.gov)
A growing body of evidence points to the possibility that phagocytes are capable of NADPH oxidase assembly in nonphagosomal intracellular membranes, resulting in ROS generation within intracellular organelles also in the absence of phagocytosis. (nih.gov)

Scholars@Duke publication: CERKL gene knockout disturbs photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis and causes rod-cone dystrophy in zebrafish. (duke.edu)

Overall, phagocytosis is considered a beneficial phenomenon, since it eliminates dead cells and induces an anti-inflammatory response. (frontiersin.org)

Recent clinical findings indicate that the generation of intracellular ROS by NADPH oxidase activation is important for limiting inflammatory reactions and that intracellular and extracellular ROS production are regulated differently. (nih.gov)
The use of biological therapies targeting key proinflammatory molecules and their receptors has emerged as a powerful tool for the control of systemic inflammatory disorders in recent years. (bmj.com)

Lipids play an important role during this immunological process, and hence, microbes have found ways to hijack these lipid pathways during phagocytosis to evade the immune system. (portlandpress.com)

In addition, these studies suggest that intracellular signaling via CR3 is usually proinflammatory and harmful in AD and that C3-brought on phagocytosis of A is beneficial when mediated by receptors other than CR3. (nos-nop.org)
Efficient phagocytosis also depends on recognition of ligands, intracellular signaling by multiple receptors, successful endosomal trafficking, lysosomal digestion and product recycling, and protection of surrounding cells from bystander cytotoxic effects (46). (nos-nop.org)

In recent years, there's been only limited headway with the "amyloid hypothesis," ie, the idea that increased levels of amyloid beta and tau amyloid proteins, on their own, are sufficient to tip the scales and cause otherwise benign plaques and tangles to turn lethal. (brightfocus.org)

SRF231 exerts antitumor activity in vitro through both phagocytosis and cell loss of life in a way reliant on the activating Fc-gamma receptor (FcR), Compact disc32a. (nihvp.org)
On the basis of recent advances in the understanding of antitumor immunity, we designed a three-step approach to in situ immunization to lymphoma: (i) inducing immunogenic tumor cell death with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. (aacrjournals.org)

The M protein is an important virulence factor onize the pharynx, skin, gastrointestinal and female genital because it confers resistance to phagocytosis (19). (cdc.gov)
Recent work published in The EMBO Journal and EMBO Reports reveals a novel role for the protein TECPR1 as a sensor for stressed membranes and regulator of lysosomal membrane repair. (babraham.ac.uk)
Recent data from preclinical studies suggest a role for neutrophil myeloperoxidase and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in host defense against K pneumoniae infection. (medscape.com)
We further found that the phagocytosis-associated protein MERTK was significantly reduced in CERKL-/- zebrafish. (duke.edu)
Additionally, in ARPE-19 cell lines, knockdown of CERKL also decreased the mRNA and protein level of MERTK, as well as the ox-POS phagocytosis. (duke.edu)

Although research into the effects of cannabis on the immune system is limited, recent findings suggest that it may be an effective treatment for autoimmune diseases. (royalseedsboutique.com)

The first reported case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was described in 1952 by Farquhar and Claireaux, [ 1 ] who called the disease familial hemophagocytic reticulosis and described it as a rare familial disorder characterized by a proliferation of histiocytes in solid organs and phagocytosis of blood cells. (medscape.com)

Microglial CR3-mediated phagocytosis has also been shown to be dependent on DAP12, PKC, DAG, cAMP, MLCK, and Rho/Rock signaling pathways, all of which could be modulated pharmacologically or by other endogenous receptors (49C52). (nos-nop.org)
5-9 Mechanistically, this is believed to occur through mu opioid receptors, as inhibition of phagocytosis was reversed in a study looking at mu opioid receptor knockout mice. (uspharmacist.com)
Specific recent and current research topics that contribute to the synthetic biology toolbox for development of artificial cells include membrane texturing through phase separation, artificial DNA adhesion receptors, hybrid lipid-polymer membrane systems for enhanced stability and lifetime, encapsulation of feedback-responsive systems and controlled generation of eukaryote-like membrane architectures. (royalsociety.org)

Recent evidence suggests that the soluble metal fraction of specific environmental particulates is responsible for the alterations observed in lung immune responses. (cdc.gov)

The complement anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) can also indirectly modulate phagocytosis. (nos-nop.org)
Host defense against bacterial invasion depends on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear granulocytes and the bactericidal effect of serum, mediated in large part by complement proteins. (medscape.com)

Phagocytosis of invading microorganisms by immune cells was first discovered by the father of cellular immunology Ilya Metchnikoff in 1882, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we demonstrate that upon phagocytosis of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, MDMs are activated and secrete IL-6 and TNF. (nature.com)
Recent studies suggests that myeloid cells in the CNS during EAE and MS have pleiotropic functions. (listlabs.com)
The influx of leukocytes facilitates the process of phagocytosis and the removal of damaged cells and other particulate matter. (medscape.com)

In crustacean, phagocytosis by hemocyte has also been well-recognized as a crucial defense mechanism for the host against infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. (frontiersin.org)

This study, together with another showing microglial expression of CD93 (41), indicate that direct C1q-mediated phagocytosis remains a viable pathway (42). (nos-nop.org)

We conclude that CERKL deficiency in zebrafish may cause rod-cone dystrophy, but not cone-rod dystrophy, while interfering with the phagocytosis function of RPE associated with down-regulation of the expression of MERTK. (duke.edu)

Here, we present a comprehensive review of recent advances in the understanding of NETs, focusing on their effects in gut disease. (bvsalud.org)

Phagocytosis is a Greek-derived term which literally means the cellular process of eating. (frontiersin.org)

SRF231 binds to individual Compact disc47 particularly, blocks the Compact disc47/SIRP connections and network marketing leads to induction of tumor cell phagocytosis and tumor-intrinsic cell loss of life. (nihvp.org)

Recent events have highlighted a need to further explore the potential for health effects from exposure to biopersistent fibers, specifically asbestos and some SVFs. (cdc.gov)

A recent study has found that cannabis has a significant impact on the lymphatic system. (royalseedsboutique.com)

Recent years have witnessed an increase in malaria incidence and mortality to an estimated 247 million clinical cases and 619,000 deaths as of 2021 1 . (nature.com)
In recent years, GGS have been reported with teins of GAS and GGS obtained from human infections increasing frequency as the cause of a variety of human have similar biologic, immunochemical, and structural infections, such as pharyngitis, cellulitis, meningitis, endo- features (20). (cdc.gov)
in recent years. (cdc.gov)
Important progress has been made in recent years, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, with the introduction of strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy consisting primarily of administration of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy with an antimalarial drug and the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets. (glowm.com)
However, the incidence of infections due to Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci has been steadily increasing in recent years. (medscape.com)
A recent retrospective study estimates the prevalence of HLH in Texas to be at least 1 in 100,000 persons younger than 18 years. (medscape.com)

However, recent evidence indicates that neutrophil infiltration within the gut is associated with disrupted local immunological microenvironment and impaired epithelial barrier. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy24

Organisms12

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs36

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes16

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Macrophages14

Microglial phagocytosis8

Macrophage6

Pathogens5

Microglia9

Inhibit phagocytosis1

Apoptotic cells2

Phagocytic1

Tumor cells2

Reactive2

Apoptosis1

Homeostasis1

Synapses2

Engulfment1

Synaptic1

Debris2

Retinal1

Autophagy2

Respiratory burst1

Innate4

19971

Assays1

Degradation1

Opsonins1

Phagocytes2

Photoreceptor1

Anti-inflammatory1

Inflammatory2

Microbes1

Intracellular2

Amyloid1

Antitumor2

Protein5

Immune system1

Proliferation1

Receptors3

Soluble1

Complement2

Cells4

Defense1

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Regulation1

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Literally1

Cell1

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Found1

Years6

Infiltration1