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ObesityThinnessBody WeightInsulinBlood GlucoseInsulin ResistanceRats, Mutant StrainsEatingDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsThiazolidinedionesAdipose TissueGlucoseThiazolesMuscle, SkeletalDisease Models, AnimalLiverTriglyceridesDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalReceptors, LeptinPhysical Conditioning, AnimalOrgan SizeHyperinsulinismGlucose Tolerance TestFatty Acids, NonesterifiedLeptinHyperglycemiaDiabetes MellitusHyperphagiaLipid MetabolismGynostemmaPrediabetic StateAdipose Tissue, BrownMonosaccharide Transport ProteinsKidneyFatty AcidsIslets of LangerhansRNA, MessengerGlucose Transporter Type 4LipidsGlycogenAcids, AcyclicMetabolic Syndrome XNeuropeptide YChromansBlood PressureIsomaltose2-HydroxyphenethylamineHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-RingGlycogen PhosphorylasePyridoxamineWeight GainMuscle ProteinsOxidative StressFeeding BehaviorFatty Acid SynthasesGlucokinaseFatty LiverVasodilationReference ValuesNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIIHyperlipidemias2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepineBody Temperature RegulationMice, ObeseHydrazinesAdipocytesFood DeprivationSodium Chloride SymportersGlucose Clamp TechniqueKidney CortexPancreasDipeptidyl Peptidase 4Thioctic AcidLiver GlycogenDehydroepiandrosteroneHypothalamusRats, Sprague-DawleyGlucose IntoleranceRetroperitoneal SpaceHypolipidemic AgentsProtein HydrolysatesVasoconstrictor AgentsPinelliaVentromedial Hypothalamic NucleusKidney GlomerulusLipoprotein LipaseParaventricular Hypothalamic NucleusMicrocirculationDietInsulin Receptor Substrate ProteinsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1VasoconstrictionDiabetic NeuropathiesSoybean ProteinsEnergy MetabolismCholesterolDietary FatsGene Expression RegulationMyocardium
Obese Zucker ratDiabetic RatsLipidsLean and obese ratsNoted in obeseGenetically obeseHepatic SteatosisGlucoseSprague-DawleyTissuesMetabolicSerumObesity1994KidneyStreptozotocin0.05MaleRenalLiverTumorsExcretionDiabetes mellitusAMPKMiceMelatoninLevelsPlasmaResearchersCortexModelControlNutritionWidelyStudyResponsivenessFemaleBiologyUniversityResearchYoungProteinHeartWeeks oldAnimalLower
Obese Zucker rat1
  • The genetically obese Zucker rat is a widely used model of early-onset obesity. (omeka.net)
Diabetic Rats11
  • In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of febuxostat, a novel inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), on renal damage in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)
  • The control and diabetic rats were treated with and without febuxostat for 8 weeks, respectively. (hindawi.com)
  • Diabetic rats showed significantly increased serum uric acid (SUA), serum creatinine (SCr), and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. (hindawi.com)
  • Although hepatic gene expression, content, and activity of XO increased significantly in diabetic rats, febuxostat only slightly decreased its content. (hindawi.com)
  • Febuxostat significantly attenuated renal damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats in addition to exerting hypouricemic effect. (hindawi.com)
  • Similar increase in UA concentration was seen in STZ-induced diabetic rats in other studies [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the effects of Fx on renal injury in STZ-induced diabetic rats with the aim to search novel therapeutic method for DKD. (hindawi.com)
  • The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-diabetic effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) and biotin supplementations in type 2 diabetic rats. (cambridge.org)
  • 5) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with both CrPic and biotin. (cambridge.org)
  • 0·05) in diabetic rats treated with biotin and CrPic, particularly with a combination of the supplements. (cambridge.org)
  • Three studies (n = 3) were conducted in animals, simulating periodontitis in pre-diabetic or diabetic rats. (bvsalud.org)
Lipids4
  • Based on other interdisciplinary investigations on the lipid depots of diabetes 2 muscles made us to propose these accumulated contrasted contents to be made of peculiar lipids, including acyl-ceramides, as those were only found while diabetes 2 progresses in aging obese rats. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • 2002) Comparative Content of Some Bioactive Compounds in Apples, Peaches and Pears and Their Influence on Lipids and Antioxidant Capacity in Rats. (scirp.org)
  • Polar lipids and other metabolites extracted from plasma from lean, diabetic, and obese Zucker rats were analyzed by flow injection using high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • Liver histology and the level of total lipids confirmed that Zucker obese rats had hepatic steatosis, which was further augmented by piroxicam treatment. (uwaterloo.ca)
Lean and obese rats2
  • Hypoxia increased AMPKα1 activity to a similar extent (more than sixfold) in lean and obese rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Furthermore sodium valproate significantly increased GABA levels and decreased GABA-t activity in both lean and obese rats. (unime.it)
Noted in obese2
  • Contraction increased AMPKα1 activity 2.3-fold in lean rats, whereas no effect was noted in obese rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These rats exhibit hepatic steatosis in adulthood similar to those noted in obese individuals. (uwaterloo.ca)
Genetically obese2
  • We studied the content of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and the activity of both GABA aminotransferase (GABA-t) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in the brainstem and pancreas of either 11 weeks old genetically obese rats and their age matched lean control rats. (unime.it)
  • These results show that despite low GH secretion, genetically obese Zucker rats have 1) normal linear (nasoanal) growth, 2) normal or increased circulating levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3, and 3) increased plasma IGF-I responses to exogenous GH. (omeka.net)
Hepatic Steatosis1
  • Alpha-Linolenic Acid Supplementation and Exercise Training Reveal Independent and Additive Responses on Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Rats. (uoguelph.ca)
Glucose11
  • We determined the effects of insulin and muscle contraction/hypoxia on PI 3-kinase, AMPK, and glucose transport activity in epitrochlearis skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant Zucker ( fa/ fa ) rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated skeletal muscle was reduced 47% in obese versus lean rats, with a parallel 42% reduction in tyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Contraction and hypoxia elicited normal responses for glucose transport in skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant obese rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Melatonin administration ameliorates glucose homeostasis in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • A single oral gavage of tofogliflozin increased renal glucose clearance and lowered the blood glucose level in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Tofogliflozin also improved postprandial glucose excursion in a meal tolerance test with GK rats. (aspetjournals.org)
  • No blood glucose reduction was observed in normoglycemic SD rats treated with tofogliflozin. (aspetjournals.org)
  • 2013. Xanthohumol lowers body weight and fasting plasma glucose in obese male Zucker fa/fa rats. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Normalization of circulating glucose in the rat model by either insulin or phlorizin treatment did not result in a reduction in membrane PKC isozyme protein or kinase activity. (jci.org)
  • Alpha-Linolenic Acid Supplementation Prevents Exercise-Induced Improvements in White Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis in Obese Zucker Rats. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Oral administration of the potassium salt remarkably improved the plasma glucose levels of female Zucker diabetic fatty rats at 1 mg/kg. (rcsb.org)
Sprague-Dawley4
  • Other common strains are the Sprague Dawley, Fischer 344, Holtzman albino strains, Long-Evans, and Lister black hooded rats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diabetes was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of STZ in male Sprague-Dawley rats. (hindawi.com)
  • Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Foshan, China) weighing 200-220 g were adopted for this study. (hindawi.com)
  • Voss C, Zerban H, Bannasch P, Berger MR. Lifelong exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate induces tumors in liver and testes of Sprague-Dawley rats. (who.int)
Tissues2
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two training modalities (moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)) on the pro/antioxidant status of different tissues in obese Zucker rats. (hindawi.com)
  • Intake of Baked Cod Fillet Resulted in Lower Serum Cholesterol and Higher Long Chain n -3 PUFA Concentrations in Serum and Tissues in Hypercholesterolemic Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. (uib.no)
Metabolic4
  • Thus, 0we hypothesized that long-term administration of a high-methionine diet to T2DM rats with normal renal function may create metabolic changes, culminating in an elevated level of circulating homocysteine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lean Zucker rats have a normal metabolic profile, while obese Zucker rats display symptoms of metabolic disorder or Type II diabetes. (cdc.gov)
  • Melatonin was found to be beneficial for young rats that had not still developed any metabolic or heart disease. (sciencedaily.com)
  • demonstrate that replacing casein, a protein found in mammalian milk, with protein-rich insect meal improves the metabolic health of hyperlipidemic rats in a four-week feeding trial. (nutrition.org)
Serum1
  • The serum level of IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) measured by Western ligand blotting was not significantly different in lean vs, obese rats. (omeka.net)
Obesity4
19941
  • The genetics of rats was studied by William Ernest Castle at the Bussey Institute of Harvard University until it closed in 1994. (wikipedia.org)
Kidney1
  • However, LYPLAL1, TFAP2B, SEC16B and FAIM2 were significantly lower expressed in the kidney fat of ZDF than ZL rats. (uni-regensburg.de)
Streptozotocin1
  • The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin. (cambridge.org)
0.051
  • 0.05) in obese rats, while the same therapeutic approach did not affect this parameter in lean rats. (unime.it)
Male1
  • In the present study, we investigated linear growth and its hormonal control in Zucker rats (male and female) from 4-20 weeks of age. (omeka.net)
Renal1
  • Some of the renal protective effects of Fx were clarified in animal models with diabetes, such as db/db mice [ 8 ] and diabetic Zucker rats [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Liver2
  • Protein kinase C is increased in the liver of humans and rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an alteration not due to hyperglycemia. (jci.org)
  • After 8 weeks of feeding, rats were euthanized and liver from each animal was collected. (uwaterloo.ca)
Tumors2
  • There were even significant variations in the incidences of adrenal medulla tumors among rats from the same source raised in different laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
  • All but one of the testicular tumors occurred in the rats from a single supplier. (wikipedia.org)
Excretion1
  • Daily urinary albumin (UAE), uric acid (UUA), and creatinine (UCr) excretion were also significantly increased in these rats. (hindawi.com)
Diabetes mellitus1
  • Plasma Mg levels were significantly lower in C-ZDF vs. C-ZL rats, demonstrating the presence of hypomagnesemia in this diabetes mellitus model. (uaeu.ac.ae)
AMPK1
  • Therefore, we studied the interplay between PKGIα and AMPK in cultured rat podocytes. (bvsalud.org)
Mice3
  • While less commonly used for research than laboratory mice, rats have served as an important animal model for research in psychology and biomedical science. (wikipedia.org)
  • This was the first in a series of developments that have begun to make rats tractable as genetic research subjects, although they still lag behind mice, which lend themselves better to the embryonic stem cell techniques typically used for genetic manipulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many investigators who wish to trace observations on behavior and physiology to underlying genes regard aspects of these in rats as more relevant to humans and easier to observe than in mice, giving impetus to the development of genetic research techniques applicable to rats. (wikipedia.org)
Melatonin3
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin in diabetes in relation to the levels and regulation of plasma chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), and magnesium (Mg) in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and Zucker lean (ZL) rats. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Melatonin administration ameliorates the diabetic status of ZDF rats by enhancing plasma Cr and V concentrations. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • This appears to be the first report of a beneficial effect of melatonin treatment on plasma Cr and V regulation in ZDF rats. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Levels4
  • Moreover Zucker rats showed increased plasma levels of insulin and a greater body weight when compared to their lean control rats. (unime.it)
  • Plasma V and Cr levels were significantly higher in M-ZDF vs. C-ZDF rats. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The levels of methionine and homocysteine were elevated approximately two- and three-fold, respectively, in ZDF rats, while there were no changes observed in the normal control rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The changes in transcript levels suggested that obese Zucker rats had some level of sensory nerve injury prior to exposure, and that exposure to vibration activated pathways involved in injury and re-innervation. (cdc.gov)
Plasma3
  • The aim of the current study was to predict changes in plasma methionine and homocysteine concentrations after simulated consumption of methionine-rich foods, following the development of a mathematical model for MMC in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, as a representative T2DM animal model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using our model, we performed simulations to compare the changes in plasma methionine and homocysteine concentrations between ZDF and normal rats, by multiple administrations of the methionine-rich diet of 1 mmol/kg, daily for 60 days. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, it did not cause a plasma volume increase or a cardiac enlargement in Wistar-Imamichi rats, even at 100 mg/kg. (rcsb.org)
Researchers1
  • In October 2003, researchers succeeded in cloning two laboratory rats by nuclear transfer. (wikipedia.org)
Cortex1
  • Whisker deprivation weakens excitatory layer 4 (L4) inputs to L2/3 pyramidal cells in rat primary somatosensory (S1) cortex, which is likely to contribute to whisker map plasticity. (jneurosci.org)
Model5
  • Second, we consider an extension to a stochastic pharmacokinetic model in a preclinical study of nicotinic acid kinetics in obese Zucker rats. (chalmers.se)
  • Here, we focused on the fact that a high-fat diet affects the metabolism of both methionine and homocysteine in a diabetic rat model [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Zucker diabetic fatty rat offered such a model system. (jci.org)
  • Therefore, this rat model is more appropriate for researches on hyperuricemia in diabetic conditions. (hindawi.com)
  • The goal of these studies was to use an established model of vibration-induced injury in Zucker rats. (cdc.gov)
Control1
Nutrition1
  • The first rat colony in America used for nutrition research was started in January 1908 by Elmer McCollum and then, nutritive requirements of rats were used by Thomas Burr Osborne and Lafayette Mendel to determine the details of protein nutrition. (wikipedia.org)
Widely1
  • Most are derived from the albino Wistar rat, which is still widely used. (wikipedia.org)
Study3
  • This study strongly supports the idea that a decreased brainstem GABA content may be responsible for hyperinsulinemia in obese Zucker rats. (unime.it)
  • Laboratory rats are frequently subject to dissection or microdialysis to study internal effects on organs and the brain, such as for cancer or pharmacological research. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study examined the effects of vibration in obese and lean rats. (cdc.gov)
Responsiveness1
  • When whiskers are deprived by trimming or plucking in adolescent rats [postnatal day 7 (P7) to P60], L2/3 neurons in deprived barrel columns lose responsiveness to their deprived principal whisker, whereas L4 neuronal responses are unaffected. (jneurosci.org)
Female1
  • Female Zucker obese and lean rats (5 weeks old) were fed a semisynthetic diet with or without piroxicam (150 ppm). (uwaterloo.ca)
Biology1
  • The reproductive function of rats was studied at the Institute for Experimental Biology at the University of California, Berkeley by Herbert McLean Evans and Joseph A. Long. (wikipedia.org)
University1
  • Genetic analysis of 117 albino rat strains collected from all parts of the world carried out by a team led by Takashi Kuramoto at Kyoto University in 2012 showed that the albinos descended from hooded rats and all the albinos descended from a single ancestor. (wikipedia.org)
Research1
  • Laboratory rats or lab rats are strains of the subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica which are bred and kept for scientific research. (wikipedia.org)
Young1
  • In young postnatal day 12 (P12) rats, at least 4 d of deprivation were required to significantly weaken L4-L2/3 synapses. (jneurosci.org)
Protein1
  • Neuronal microtubule-associated protein 2D is a dual A-kinase anchoring protein expressed in rat ovarian granulosa cells. (nature.com)
Heart1
  • Sodium Nitrate Supplementation Alters Mitochondrial H 2 O 2 Emission but Does Not Improve Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism in the Heart of Healthy Rats. (uoguelph.ca)
Weeks old1
  • Gaba content and GAD activity in the brainstem of 11 weeks old obese rats were lower than in age matched lean controls. (unime.it)
Animal1
  • Over the next 30 years, rats were used for several more experiments and eventually the laboratory rat became the first animal domesticated for purely scientific reasons. (wikipedia.org)
Lower1
  • NEGR1 was even lower expressed in subcutaneous and mesenterial fat, while MTCH2 was higher expressed in the subcutaneous and mesenterial fat of ZDF rats. (uni-regensburg.de)