AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
PterygiumConjunctivaLower Extremity Deformities, CongenitalOphthalmologic Surgical ProceduresConjunctival DiseasesScleritisMitomycinAutograftsLimbus Corneae
CorneaPingueculaeSurgerySurgicallyAmerican Academy of OpPlural pterygiaAstigmatismNasalAutograftExact cause of pterygiumHelp prevent a pterygiumRednessExcisionRecurrentRecurrence rateIrritationFleshyCases of pterygiumIncidence of pterygiumPinguecula and pterygiumPathogenesis of pterygiumInflammationTissueSurfer's eyePrimary PterygiumCorneal surfacePrevalenceGrowthsSteroid eye dropsFibrinInterferes with visionAutologous limbal stemUnguisNoncancerous growthGrowthOcularExposurePatientsAutosomalNail plateGrowsBlindnessBenignMildAffectsGraftPatient'sRefractiveSlitPrescribeLimbusTriangularSurgical treatmentSyndromeExamDrynessCollagenTreatmentPupillaryGeneOccur
Cornea25
  • The main symptom of a pterygium is a painless area of raised white tissue that has blood vessels on the inner or outer edge of the cornea. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If a pterygium affects the cornea, removing it can have good results. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ongoing inflammation can cause a pterygium to grow farther onto the cornea. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pterygia can vary from small, atrophic quiescent lesions to large, aggressive, rapidly growing fibrovascular lesions that can distort the corneal topography, and, in advanced cases, they can obscure the optical center of the cornea. (medscape.com)
  • (Fig. 1) Preoperative photograph shows pterygium impinging on the cornea. (aao.org)
  • A pterygium is an eye growth that occurs on the cornea of the eye. (bumrungrad.com)
  • Depending on the case, pterygium may be red, swollen, thick or large enough to affect the shape of the cornea (leading to astigmatism). (lasereyecenter.com)
  • Pterygium extends to cover the cornea, which can cause significant irregular corneal astigmatism, pupil occlusion and affect visual acuity. (researchsquare.com)
  • For those unfamiliar with the condition, pterygium is a growth of fibrovascular tissue over the cornea. (laservision.co.uk)
  • If you think you may need treatment for the condition of pterygium, please get in touch to arrange a consultation with one of our Cornea specialists. (laservision.co.uk)
  • Should a pterygium grow into the cornea, the clear, outer layer of the eye, it can distort the shape of the cornea causing a condition called astigmatism or lead to corneal scarring. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
  • Prior to pterygium, sufferers often have a noncancerous condition called pinguecula, which is a yellowish patch or bump on the conjunctiva near the cornea. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
  • Delay in pterygium can allow it to grow deeper as well as towards the center of cornea. (drsuvirajain.com)
  • A pterygium is abnormal thickening and growth of the tissue (conjunctiva) overlying the white part of the eye (sclera), and extension of this growth onto the cornea. (harleyvision.com)
  • This will lead to the encroachment of the conjunctival cells over the cornea called the pterygium. (harleyvision.com)
  • A thorough slit lamp examination can make a diagnosis of the pterygium to check the cornea, conjunctiva, and limbus through a microscope. (harleyvision.com)
  • As the pterygium develops, it may alter the shape of the cornea, causing astigmatism. (visioneyes.co.za)
  • Before the pterygium invades the central cornea, it should be removed surgically. (visioneyes.co.za)
  • A pterygium, or plural pterygia, is a wing-shaped overgrowth of white conjunctival tissue that grows over the surface of the cornea. (losangelespterygium.com)
  • If the pterygium grows over the cornea, can cause astigmatism and blurry vision. (sightlinelaser.com)
  • A pterygium is a non-cancerous growth on the cornea (the clear front window of the eye). (dzeyemd.com)
  • Pterygium is a pink, fleshy bump that grows on the white of the eye, which can eventually grow over the cornea and obstruct vision. (alohavisionconsultants.com)
  • A pinguecula does not overlap the cornea (the clear layer in front of the iris and pupil), but a pterygium does. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A pterygium is a fleshy growth of the conjunctiva that spreads across onto the cornea. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most pterygia do not cause symptoms, but sometimes they cause irritation or distort the shape of the cornea, possibly causing a decrease in vision (either due to obstruction or induced astigmatism), and it can also be a cosmetic concern. (msdmanuals.com)
Pingueculae2
Surgery23
  • Outcome of pterygium surgery: analysis over 14 years. (medscape.com)
  • Eye rubbing causing conjunctival graft dehiscence following pterygium surgery with fibrin glue. (medscape.com)
  • Pterygium surgery with mitomycin-C: ten-year results. (medscape.com)
  • During the past decade, the debate over the best approach to pterygium surgery has centered on whether surgeons should use sutures or fibrin glue to affix the conjunctival graft. (aao.org)
  • Pterygial samples were harvested from 129 patients who were undergoing pterygium surgery and submitted a written informed consent approved by the Institutional Review Board. (molvis.org)
  • During surgery, the doctor anesthetizes the eye and extracts the pterygium and eye tissue covering the conjunctiva. (lasereyecenter.com)
  • ALLEGATION Unnecessary pterygium surgery and lack of informed consent. (omic.com)
  • Consider whether surgery is right for you, based on the size of the pterygium and the presence of chronic redness or irritation. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
  • Surgery might also be an option if the pterygium prevents you from wearing contact lenses or is causing astigmatism. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
  • Bahar I, Weinberger D, Gaton DD, Avisar R. Fibrin glue versus vicryl sutures for primary conjunctival closure in pterygium surgery: long-term results. (medscape.com)
  • Oguz H. Amniotic membrane grafting versus conjunctival autografting in pterygium surgery. (medscape.com)
  • Postoperative conjunctival inflammation after pterygium surgery with amniotic membrane transplantation versus conjunctival autograft. (medscape.com)
  • 2. Do I need a Pterygium surgery? (drsuvirajain.com)
  • 3.How is Pterygium Surgery done? (drsuvirajain.com)
  • 4.Can my pterygium come back after surgery? (drsuvirajain.com)
  • Pterygium surgery with conjunctival autograft reduces the chance of recurrence significantly. (drsuvirajain.com)
  • 5.Are there any restrictions after pterygium surgery? (drsuvirajain.com)
  • 6.What if I delay my Pterygium surgery? (drsuvirajain.com)
  • Pterygium Surgery involves the removal of the pterygium using general anesthesia. (harleyvision.com)
  • Surgery is only recommended if the risk of corneal scarring and vision loss due to the progression of the pterygium is high. (harleyvision.com)
  • AJO: A subconjunctival injection at time of surgery was safe and effective in pterygium surgery. (eyedocnews.com)
  • If pterygium has grown large enough to cause vision problems, surgery options can be discussed with your eye surgeon. (sightlinelaser.com)
  • A larger pterygium that is significantly affecting your vision will likely require surgery to remove it. (alohavisionconsultants.com)
Surgically3
  • It then becomes necessary to remove the pterygium surgically. (lasereyecenter.com)
  • Pterygium is surgically removed and a part of the conjunctiva from your same eye is used to cover the area to prevent recurrence. (drsuvirajain.com)
  • If the symptoms do not lessen, particularly if vision is affected, or they return frequently, the pterygium may be removed surgically. (msdmanuals.com)
American Academy of Op1
  • According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the pterygium recurrence rate is between 30 and 40 percent, and more likely to occur in people under the age of 40. (lasereyecenter.com)
Plural pterygia1
  • Pterygium (plural pterygia or pterygiums) refers to any wing-like triangular membrane occurring in the neck, eyes, knees, elbows, ankles or digits. (wikipedia.org)
Astigmatism1
  • During this period, a visual acuity test is done to check the possibilities of astigmatism caused by the invasion of the fleshy pterygium over the corneal surface. (harleyvision.com)
Nasal4
  • Pterygia can develop on the nasal and/or temporal limbus and can affect either or both eyes. (medscape.com)
  • In a case-control study, 24 tissue specimens from the patients with primary moderate pterygium (cases) and 15 specimens excised from the nasal bulbar region in healthy counterparts (controls) were compared in terms of the count of mast cells (inflammation), as well as the status of Cd31/vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression (angiogenesis) in Tabriz Nikookari and Sina Teaching Hospitals. (scialert.net)
  • Human primary nasal pterygia and normal superotemporal bulbar conjunctival tissue of the same eye were collected in the context of conventional excision of pterygium with autotransplantation of conjunctiva. (arvojournals.org)
  • Currently the patient has the following consequences: blindness of the left eye, nasal pterygium and symblepharon. (bvsalud.org)
Autograft1
  • Starck T, Kenyon KR, Serrano F. Conjunctival autograft for primary and recurrent pterygia: surgical technique and problem management. (medscape.com)
Exact cause of pterygium1
  • Although the exact cause of pterygium isn't known, people whose eyes are exposed to certain elements, like pollen, sand, smoke and wind, on a regular basis have a higher risk of developing this condition. (laservision.co.uk)
Help prevent a pterygium2
  • Using artificial tears to keep the eyes moist may help prevent a pterygium from becoming inflamed and getting bigger. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Wearing sunglasses and a hat with a brim will help prevent a pterygium from returning, if it is removed. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
Redness2
Excision8
  • PO286 The Efficacy and Safety of the Oculusgen (ologen) Collagen Matrix Implanted During Surgical Excision of Primary Pterygium. (wikipedia.org)
  • P277: Novel Surgical Therapy Using Biodegradable Collagen Matrix for Ocular Surface Reconstruction of Scleral Thinning after Pterygium Excision. (wikipedia.org)
  • The visual and cosmetic prognosis following pterygium excision is good. (medscape.com)
  • Those patients who develop recurrent pterygia can be retreated with repeat surgical excision and grafting, with conjunctival/limbal autografts or amniotic membrane transplants in selected patients. (medscape.com)
  • Surgical excision is the main treatment of pterygium, but the postoperative recurrence rate is high, the appearance of the eye is not ideal, postoperative foreign body feeling has been a difficult problem of clinical treatment. (researchsquare.com)
  • At present, there are many surgical methods for pterygium, including simple pterygium excision. (researchsquare.com)
  • Pterygium excision combined with autologous conjunctival flap transposition, pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation, pterygium excision combined with autologous limbal stem cell transplantation and so on [12] . (researchsquare.com)
  • Uy HS, Reyes JM, Flores JD, Lim-Bon-Siong R. Comparison of fibrin glue and sutures for attaching conjunctival autografts after pterygium excision. (medscape.com)
Recurrent3
  • EP-0351: Management of recurrent symblepharon with pterygium using collagen matrix scaffold implant with autologous limbal stem cell graft. (wikipedia.org)
  • Management of recurrent pterygium. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In severe, multiple recurrent pinguecula or pterygium, mitomycin C eye drops have been reported to prevent recurrence, but it is not part of the standard protocol. (bumrungrad.com)
Recurrence rate2
  • The postoperative follow-up period (6 months), the recurrence rate of pterygium was 0.21%.Patients have higher satisfaction with appearance, and have no obvious foreign body sensation, photophobia, tearing and other subjective symptoms. (researchsquare.com)
  • Discussion and conclusion Extensive fascial resection combined with autologous limbal stem cell sharing transplantation for the treatment of pterygium, the patient's appearance satisfaction is higher, and the recurrence probability is lower than the average recurrence rate of limbal stem cell transplantation. (researchsquare.com)
Irritation1
  • Pterygium is noncancerous but may cause eye irritation, discoloration, and excessive tearing. (lasereyecenter.com)
Fleshy1
Cases of pterygium2
  • Unfortunately, some cases of pterygium advance and start to interfere with vision. (lasereyecenter.com)
  • I have tried it in some cases of conjunctivitis, but without satis factory results In August, 1891, I prescribe Guarea in the second potency, in two cases of pterygium. (homiyo.com)
Incidence of pterygium3
  • The incidence of pterygium within the United States varies with geographical location. (medscape.com)
  • Patients older than 40 years have the highest prevalence of pterygia, while patients aged 20-40 years are reported to have the highest incidence of pterygium. (medscape.com)
  • A coalition member clinician is evaluating the incidence of pterygium among study participants by conducting eye exams of farmworkers. (cdc.gov)
Pinguecula and pterygium5
  • Pinguecula and pterygium. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The causes of both pinguecula and pterygium are excessive exposure to UV rays alongside dry eyes and exposure to surrounding environmental factors which can irritate the eyes. (bumrungrad.com)
  • Generally, pinguecula and pterygium are able to be diagnosed through a simple visual observation. (bumrungrad.com)
  • For both pinguecula and pterygium, if the condition is not too severe, patients may only notice a growth on the eye. (bumrungrad.com)
  • The appearances of solar keratosis, pinguecula, and pterygium are presented as part of a continuous spectrum of the same pathological process and aetiology, which may lead to carcinomatous change. (bmj.com)
Pathogenesis of pterygium1
  • This study indicates that both inflammation and angiogenesis play pivotal role, in parallel, in pathogenesis of pterygium. (scialert.net)
Inflammation5
  • Pterygia are associated with eyelid inflammation, called Blepharitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The simplest and least invasive pterygium treatment is lubricating eye drops, ointments or mild steroid eye drops to reduce inflammation. (lasereyecenter.com)
  • Role of conjunctival inflammation in surgical outcome after amniotic membrane transplantation with or without fibrin glue for pterygium. (medscape.com)
  • Exposure to the sun can lead to inflammation of the already inflamed pterygium and worsen the dryness and grittiness symptoms. (harleyvision.com)
  • Use of Non-Steroidal-Anti-Inflammatory-Drugs ( NSAIDs), i.e., a group of medications with anti-inflammatory effects minus the side effects of steroids, is highly recommended in pterygium patients for long-term use of reducing the inflammation. (harleyvision.com)
Tissue7
  • A pterygium is a noncancerous growth that starts in the clear, thin tissue ( conjunctiva ) of the eye. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pterygium is a non-malignant, slow-growing conjunctival fibrous vascular tissue of the conjunctiva. (researchsquare.com)
  • The loose connective tissue under the epithelium contains a large number of fibroblasts and abundant capillaries, which indicates that the pterygium epithelial cells have a strong ability to proliferate and migrate. (researchsquare.com)
  • 0.05, false discovery rate 20%) distinguished primary pterygium from normal conjunctival tissue. (arvojournals.org)
  • Pterygia are nourished by tiny capillaries that supply blood to the tissue. (visioneyes.co.za)
  • A pterygium (pronounced tur-IJ-ee-um) is a raised, triangular-shaped growth of tissue on the surface of the eye. (sightlinelaser.com)
  • This means that your eye surgeon will suture or glue a piece of eye tissue onto the affected area where the pterygium was located. (alohavisionconsultants.com)
Surfer's eye3
  • Surfer's eye" is a slang term for an eye growth called pterygium. (lasereyecenter.com)
  • Since surfers are frequently exposed to these elements, pterygium developed the nickname "surfer's eye. (lasereyecenter.com)
  • Pterygium is also known as surfer's eye because of its common occurrence in surfers. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
Primary Pterygium2
  • The purpose of the study was to study the regulatory mechanisms mediated by miRNAs and their importance in human primary pterygium. (arvojournals.org)
  • This study is the first to identify a combined miRNA and mRNA gene expression profile of human primary pterygium, which may contribute to the understanding of pterygium pathogenesis. (arvojournals.org)
Corneal surface1
  • A pterygium is an elevated, superficial, external ocular mass that usually forms over the perilimbal conjunctiva and extends onto the corneal surface. (medscape.com)
Prevalence3
  • Saw SM, Tan D. Pterygium: prevalence, demography and risk factors. (medscape.com)
  • Aims To determine prevalence of pterygium, its role as main cause of unilateral and bilateral visual impairment and blindness and its impact on refractive errors from adults living in a high ultraviolet exposure area in the Brazilian Amazon Region. (bmj.com)
  • Prevalence of pterygium as cause of visual impairment and blindness was 14.3% and 3.9%, respectively. (bmj.com)
Growths1
  • Limited exposure to the factors that lead to these growths may help prevent pterygium from reoccurring or growing bigger. (sightlinelaser.com)
Steroid eye drops1
Fibrin2
  • A Cochrane Review including 14 studies and last updated October 2016, found that using fibrin glue when doing conjunctival autografting was associated with a reduced likelihood of the pterygium recurring compared with sutures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Jain AK, Bansal R, Sukhija J. Human amniotic membrane transplantation with fibrin glue in management of primary pterygia: a new tuck-in technique. (medscape.com)
Interferes with vision1
  • In some rare cases, a pterygium will continue growing until it covers the pupil of the eye and interferes with vision. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
Autologous limbal stem1
  • Introduction To observe the short-term and long-term effects of extensive fascial resection combined with autologous limbal stem cell sharing transplantation for pterygium. (researchsquare.com)
Unguis1
  • Pterygium unguis is a condition that causes scarring that extends to the nail matrix. (healthline.com)
Noncancerous growth1
Growth3
  • Though the exact reason is not known, it is postulated by researchers and scientists that pterygium occurs due to hyperplasticity or excess growth of the limbal epithelial cells along with vascularization or formation of blood vessels over it that gives it its pink appearance. (harleyvision.com)
  • Pterygium is a raised, wedge-shaped growth of the conjunctiva. (visioneyes.co.za)
  • Growth of a pterygium can be slowed with protection from sunlight, such as when wearing sufficiently protective sunglasses (with UV blocking) and/or a hat. (msdmanuals.com)
Ocular2
  • Patients who are at high risk of the development of pterygium because of a positive family history of pterygia or because of extended exposure to ultraviolet irradiation need to be educated in the use of ultraviolet-blocking glasses and other means of reducing ocular exposure to ultraviolet light. (medscape.com)
  • Pterygium is a common ocular lesion whose exact etiology is a point of contention. (scialert.net)
Exposure5
  • Patients with pterygium should reduce exposure to ultraviolet light whenever possible. (medscape.com)
  • Threlfall TJ, English DR. Sun exposure and pterygium of the eye: a dose-response curve. (medscape.com)
  • It is believed that pterygium is caused by ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, as well as excessive exposure to wind and dirt. (lasereyecenter.com)
  • Although the cause is unclear, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light definitely plays a role in a pterygium forming. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
  • Since pterygia are most commonly caused by sun exposure, protecting the eyes from sun, dust and wind is recommended. (visioneyes.co.za)
Patients3
  • It is uncommon for patients to present with pterygium prior to age 20 years. (medscape.com)
  • Unfortunately, the chance of recurrence is high for pinguecula or pterygium, especially in younger patients or patients who overexpose themselves to UV light. (bumrungrad.com)
  • Patients who already suffer from dry eye may develop a pterygium as well. (alohavisionconsultants.com)
Autosomal8
  • When Do Symptoms of Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome Begin? (nih.gov)
  • Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome (AD-PPS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by webbing of the skin between the back of the knee and the ankle (popliteal pterygium), as well as other physical abnormalities. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
  • What are the symptoms of Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome? (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
  • Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome (ADPPS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the TBX4 gene. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
  • The treatments for Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome (ADPPS) vary depending on the severity of the condition. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
  • 4. Gender: Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome is more common in males than females. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
  • Is there a cure/medications for Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome? (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
  • At this time, there is no cure for Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
Nail plate1
  • The cuticle pusher smoothly removes the toughest cuticles without damaging the nail plate and the pterygium remover gives precise cuticle maintenance. (kupainc.com)
Grows2
Blindness1
  • Conclusions Pterygium was highly prevalent and the second cause of visual impairment and blindness after provision of refractive correction. (bmj.com)
Benign1
Mild1
Affects1
  • Pterygium (pronounced tur-IJ-ee-um) is a common eye condition that affects people who spend a lot of time outdoors. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
Graft1
  • The technique involves removing the lesion from the eye and glueing a small graft in place to cover the area, allowing for quick healing and a reduced chance of the pterygium re-growing. (laservision.co.uk)
Patient's1
  • This pterygium has progressed over the visual (pupillary) axis and is affecting the patient's vision. (eyecancer.com)
Refractive1
  • Significantly higher hyperopic refractive errors were found in eyes with pterygium ≥3 mm reaching or not pupillary margin. (bmj.com)
Slit2
  • Slit lamp exam showed a 1.8 mm pterygium OD and a 1.2 mm pterygium OS. (omic.com)
  • Slit lamp exam showed the pterygia had returned and now measured 1.4 mm OD and 1.2 mm OS. (omic.com)
Prescribe1
  • To relieve symptoms caused by a pterygium, doctors may prescribe artificial tears or a short period of treatment with corticosteroid drops or ointments. (msdmanuals.com)
Limbus1
  • This begins usually when the pterygium is greater than 2mm from the corneal edge (limbus). (wikipedia.org)
Triangular1
  • Pterygium is a triangular extension of the transparent layer of the eye over the white part of your eye called conjunctiva. (drsuvirajain.com)
Surgical treatment2
  • Most pterygia cause no problems and do not need surgical treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • After surgical treatment of pterygium, there will still be a small number of mutant epithelial stem cells remaining. (researchsquare.com)
Syndrome2
  • Multiple pterygium syndrome, Escobar type is characterized by webbing of skin (pterygium) and a lack of muscle movement (akinesia) that occur before birth. (nih.gov)
  • Individuals with multiple pterygium syndrome, Escobar type may also develop a restriction of the joints, known as arthrogryposis, a sideways curve of the spine (scoliosis), and distinctive facial features. (nih.gov)
Exam1
  • The team at Laser Eye Center ™ can diagnose pterygium during a simple eye exam and review the available treatment options. (lasereyecenter.com)
Dryness2
  • The aim is to check the level of irregularities and dryness caused due to the pterygium. (harleyvision.com)
  • Pterygium often leads to uneven distribution of the tear film over the eye resulting in dryness and grittiness sensation of the eyes. (harleyvision.com)
Collagen1
  • The pathophysiology of pterygium is characterized by elastotic degeneration of collagen and fibrovascular proliferation, with an overlying covering of epithelium. (medscape.com)
Treatment8
  • Treatment of pinguecula or pterygium depends on their severity. (bumrungrad.com)
  • For minor cases, treatment involves eye drops or ointment, however, in more serious cases, treatment may require surgical expertise to treat the pterygium. (laservision.co.uk)
  • Kamel S. The Pterygium: its etiology and treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Before you look for pterygium treatment in London, it is important to first arrive at a conclusive diagnosis about the pterygium. (harleyvision.com)
  • Irrespective of the clinic you visit for pterygium treatment in London, there are usually three treatment modalities for pterygium. (harleyvision.com)
  • In most cases, treatment for a pterygium is not needed. (sightlinelaser.com)
  • Depending on the kind of pterygium you have, there are a few treatment options available. (alohavisionconsultants.com)
  • We're happy to set you up with a consultation and help you find out what the best treatment options for your pterygium are. (alohavisionconsultants.com)
Pupillary1
  • Older age and rural residence were associated with pterygium ≥3 mm reaching or not pupillary margin, while higher education was a protective factor for pterygium ≥3 mm reaching pupillary margin. (bmj.com)
Gene3
  • Our recent report indicated that tumor suppressor gene ( p53 ) mutations and protein aberrant expression were detected in pterygium. (molvis.org)
  • In this report, we analyzed p53 protein expression and gene mutation in pterygium in comparison with HPV 16/18 infection and E6 oncoprotein expression in pterygium tissues to understand whether the HPV infection was involved in pterygium pathogenesis. (molvis.org)
  • The mutation in the TBX4 gene causes the skin to become thickened and fused together in the back of the knee, forming a web-like structure called a pterygium. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
Occur1
  • Pterygium is reported to occur in males twice as frequently as in females. (medscape.com)