AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
HistonesHistone DeacetylasesHistone Deacetylase InhibitorsHistone AcetyltransferasesAcetylationHistone Deacetylase 1ChromatinHistone CodeHistone Deacetylase 2Histone DemethylasesHistone ChaperonesNucleosomesMethylationHydroxamic AcidsHistone-Lysine N-MethyltransferaseEpigenesis, GeneticChromatin Assembly and DisassemblyJumonji Domain-Containing Histone DemethylasesAcetyltransferasesTranscription, GeneticChromatin ImmunoprecipitationProtein Methyltransferasesp300-CBP Transcription FactorsRepressor ProteinsGene SilencingChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneNuclear ProteinsProtein BindingSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsHeterochromatinTranscription FactorsMolecular Sequence DataProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalDNA MethylationAmino Acid SequenceDNA-Binding ProteinsButyratesHeLa CellsGene Expression RegulationDNASaccharomyces cerevisiaeSin3 Histone Deacetylase and Corepressor ComplexProtamine KinaseCell LineEuchromatinMicrococcal NucleaseNucleosome Assembly Protein 1Protein Structure, TertiaryEnzyme InhibitorsValproic AcidBase SequenceMethyltransferasesCell Cycle ProteinsCell Line, TumorCell CycleMutationPhosphorylationGene Expression Regulation, FungalOxidoreductases, N-DemethylatingTranscriptional ActivationPolycomb Repressive Complex 2Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 4Binding SitesRNA, MessengerEpigenomicsCREB-Binding ProteinButyric AcidRNA Polymerase IIChickensSirtuinsDepsipeptidesCentromereSirtuin 2NucleoplasminsProtein-Arginine N-MethyltransferasesDNA ReplicationE1A-Associated p300 ProteinCells, CulturedBlotting, WesternPolycomb-Group ProteinsMitosisSea UrchinsProtaminesDNA DamageMolecular ChaperonesDrosophila ProteinsChromosomesRNA InterferenceChromatin Assembly Factor-1Substrate SpecificityTrans-ActivatorsElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelRibonucleoprotein, U7 Small NuclearModels, BiologicalCell DifferentiationUbiquitinationMultiprotein ComplexesAzacitidineGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalSequence Homology, Amino Acid
MethylationAcetylationNucleosomesResiduesCore histonesNonhistone proteinsAcetyltransferaseHuman histoneAntibodyDeacetylasePeptidesDemethylationAcetyltransferasesMember of the histoneModificationOctamerRecombinantGenesChromosomesNucleosomal histonesLinker histonesInhibitionMass spectrometryNucleiAntigenStructuralEnzymeVariantsNuclearDrosophila melanogaster JmjCSynthesisHighly alkaline proteinsPost-translationalChromosome StructureTailsNucleosome assemblyRepressiveEukaryotic cellsTetramerBasic proteinsWrapsAlkalineIntracellular proteinRegulateChromatin-associatedThymusAminoEnzymesGene expressionVitroModificationsAcidicDemethylasesSpeciesComplexesAntibodiesMutationsTranscriptionHDACs
Methylation14
Acetylation12
  • Inhibition of core histones acetylation by carcinogenic nickel(II). (nih.gov)
  • Gene expression is in part controlled by chromatin remodeling factors and the acetylation state of nucleosomal histones. (psu.edu)
  • Brpf1 functions in association with the histone acetyltransferase Moz (Myst3), an interaction mediated by the N-terminal domain of Brpf1, and promotes histone acetylation in vivo. (silverchair.com)
  • Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. (cancerindex.org)
  • Even so, it has been reported that histone H3K9 and K27 acetylation is very important for transcription activation and repression because these lysine residues of histone H3 are also methylated and induces transrepression [37]. (trpv1inhibitor.com)
  • Preceding research have demonstrated that histone acetylation not just induces euchromatin formation from heterochromatin, but additionally recruits transcription initiation and elongation complexes to the promoter/ enhancer and gene physique regions, respectively [38,39]. (trpv1inhibitor.com)
  • Within this study, medium- and short-chain fatty acids induced histone acetylation in these regions about lipid metabolism-related genes in adipocytes. (trpv1inhibitor.com)
  • Consequently, histone acetylation, about Gpd1 might have an effect on its expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with TNF- and fatty acids. (trpv1inhibitor.com)
  • Acetylation and deacetylation of histones, carried out by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively, affects cellular division, differentiation, death and survival. (lu.se)
  • We found acetylation of histones and probably other proteins to be dramatically reduced in degenerating photoreceptors in the rd1 human homologous mouse model for RP. (lu.se)
  • These findings highlight the importance of protein acetylation for photoreceptor cell death and survival and propose certain HDAC classes as novel targets for the pharmacological intervention in RP. (lu.se)
  • Inhibition of HDAc activity results in increased acetylation of histone proteins and an epigenetic alteration that results in a relaxing of chromatin, leading to transcriptional activation. (medscape.com)
Nucleosomes7
Residues7
  • Chemically synthesized histone H3 protein, corresponding to residues within 1-135 of human histone H3, dimethylation at K9. (ks-vpeptide.com)
  • Histone H3 as well as H4 are modified covalently at several residues. (assaygenie.com)
  • In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. (sage-tips.com)
  • All histones have a highly positively charged N-terminus with many lysine and arginine residues. (sage-tips.com)
  • Multiple posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins including site-specific phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues govern the accessibility of chromatin. (edu.sa)
  • To elucidate functional characteristics of these N-terminal residues, we compared the protein interactomes of the full-length and ΔPR isoforms of PRDM3 and its closely related paralog, PRDM16. (rcsb.org)
  • HDAc catalyzes the removal of acetyl groups from the lysine residues of histones and some nonhistone proteins. (medscape.com)
Core histones3
  • The core histones are H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, whereas histones H1/H5 are identified as the linker histones. (assaygenie.com)
  • Evolution and species distribution Core histones are found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells and in most Archaeal phyla, but not in bacteria. (sage-tips.com)
  • Fluorescence spectroscopy data suggest that PfNapS interacts with core histones (tetramer, octamer, H3, H4, H2A and H2B) at a different site from its interaction with linker histone H1. (biomedcentral.com)
Nonhistone proteins1
Acetyltransferase7
  • Differential pull-down experiments with H3-tails synthesized from l- and d-amino acids uncovered that histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) and retinoblastoma-binding protein 7 (RBBP7) are part of the protein network, which interacts with the unmodified H3-tail. (edu.sa)
  • This gene provides instructions for making a type of enzyme called a histone acetyltransferase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Little is known about the function of the histone acetyltransferase produced from the KAT6B gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The mutations that cause genitopatellar syndrome occur near the end of the KAT6B gene and lead to the production of a shortened histone acetyltransferase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in KAT6B, encoding a histone acetyltransferase, cause Genitopatellar syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Shukla V, Cuenin C, Dubey N, Herceg Z. (2011) Loss of histone acetyltransferase cofactor transformation/transcription domain-associated protein impairs liver regeneration after toxic injury. (who.int)
  • Overexpression of the enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein by Mtb confers resistance to the second-line antibiotic kanamycin (KAN). Eis is an acetyltransferase that acetylates KAN, inactivating its antimicrobial function. (cdc.gov)
Human histone4
  • Truncated human Histone H3.2 is produced in E. coli and purified using FPLC. (activemotif.com)
  • Synthetic peptide corresponding to Human Histone H3 (phospho S10). (abcam.com)
  • An E. coli strain that carries a plasmid encoding the cloned human histone H4 gene, HIST2H4. (neb.com)
  • This Histone H4 acetyl Lys8 antibody was raised against a peptide containing acetyl Lys8 of human Histone H4. (fishersci.com)
Antibody4
  • Antibody to Histone H3 - Histone protein used as a loading control for western blotting. (hellobio.com)
  • The graph depicts the binding of the antibody to pre-coated crotonyl histone H3 (Lys9) peptide in the presence of increasing concentrations of various competitor peptides. (cellsignal.com)
  • As shown, the butyryl and crotonyl histone H3 (Lys9) peptides completely competed away the antibody and there was partial competition with the crotonyl histone H3 (Lys27) peptide. (cellsignal.com)
  • On the other hand, antigen mostly degraded but still capable of precipitating with antibody was separated bound to the non-histone proteins of B-cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Deacetylase3
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. (cancerindex.org)
  • It has histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • Panobinostat is a histone deacetylase (HDAc) inhibitor. (medscape.com)
Peptides3
  • The modified histones were then subjected to V8 protease or alpha-chymotrypsin digestion and the resulting peptides were separated by electrophoresis on acetic acid-urea-Triton gels. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In this case, the proteases could not discriminate between modified and unmodified histones and putative mono(ADP-ribosyl)ated peptides appeared in a digestion frame corresponding to that of bulk peptides. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Furthermore, high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of PRDM3 and PRDM16 N-terminal peptides in complex with RBBP4 revealed binding to RBBP4 within the conserved histone H3-binding groove. (rcsb.org)
Demethylation4
  • Overall, the study's results suggest that lysine K241 regulates coupling of 2-oxoglutarate turnover and histone demethylation. (chemistryviews.org)
  • Lysine-241 has a role in coupling 2OG turnover with substrate oxidation during KDM4-catalysed histone demethylation , Rebecca L Hancock, Martine I Abboud, Tristan J Smart, Emily Flashman, Akane Kawamura, Christopher J Schofield, Richard Hopkinson, ChemBioChem 2018 . (chemistryviews.org)
  • However, mechanisms governing the targeting and regulation of histone demethylation remain elusive. (elsevierpure.com)
  • HP1a stimulates the histone H3K36 demethylation activity of dKDM4A, and this stimulation depends on the H3K9me-binding motif of HP1a. (elsevierpure.com)
Acetyltransferases2
Member of the histone1
  • This gene is intronless and encodes a replication-dependent histone that is a member of the histone H2B family. (nih.gov)
Modification6
  • In EPL, the histone globular domain is ligated to a peptide that contains the N-terminal histone tail with the desired site-specific modification. (activemotif.com)
  • Recombinant histones are suitable for use as positive controls in the analysis of histone post-translational modifications, as substrates for histone modification enzymes, or to generate chromatin in vitro . (activemotif.com)
  • Moreover the dynamics of chromatin structure depend on posttranslational modification of histones in addition to the appearance of different histone variants. (assaygenie.com)
  • histone modification and intracellular protein breakdown. (theodora.com)
  • Histone modification seems to be the main epigenetic mechanism for BCG-induced trained immunity . (cdc.gov)
  • One of the key molecular events in skin sensitization is protein haptenation, i.e. the chemical modification of self-skin protein(s) thus forming macromolecular immunogens. (cdc.gov)
Octamer2
  • The nucleosome is the smallest subunit of chromatin and consists of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of core histone proteins (two each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). (activemotif.com)
  • Two H2A/H2B heterodimers interact with an H3/H4 tetramer to form the histone octamer (1,2). (neb.com)
Recombinant9
  • Recombinant Histone H3S10ph (EPL) has been generated using the patented Expressed Protein Ligation (EPL) technology. (activemotif.com)
  • The ligation reaction maintains the native histone bonds, and the resulting recombinant protein more closely mimics natural histones. (activemotif.com)
  • Recombinant Histone H3 phospho Ser10 (H3S10ph) proteins are generated using expressed protein ligation (EPL) technology. (activemotif.com)
  • The recombinant histone is >98% pure by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by high-resolution ESI-TOF mass spectrometry. (activemotif.com)
  • The molecular weight of the recombinant histone is 15,306 Daltons. (activemotif.com)
  • Recombinant Histone H3 phospho Ser10 tested by SDS-PAGE gel. (activemotif.com)
  • SDS-PAGE analysis of 2 µg Recombinant Histone H3 phospho Ser10 (lane 1) and 1 µg Recombinant Histone H3 phospho Ser10 (lane 2). (activemotif.com)
  • Recombinant proteins in solution are temperature sensitive and must be stored at -80°C to prevent degradation. (activemotif.com)
  • SDS-PAGE gel of Recombinant Histone H3 phospho Ser10. (activemotif.com)
Genes12
  • Gene expression refers to how often or when proteins are created from the instructions within your genes. (cdc.gov)
  • While genetic changes can alter which protein is made, epigenetic changes affect gene expression to turn genes "on" and "off. (cdc.gov)
  • Chemical groups can be added or removed from histones to make the histones more tightly or loosely packed, turning genes "off" or "on. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-coding RNA may also recruit proteins to modify histones to turn genes "on" or "off. (cdc.gov)
  • Epigenetics allows the muscle cell to turn "on" genes to make proteins important for its job and turn "off" genes important for a nerve cell's job. (cdc.gov)
  • In order to directly target a generally conserved feature, elevated trimethyl-lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), we developed the Polycomb-based Transcription Factor (PcTF), a fusion activator that targets methyl-histone marks via its N-terminal H3K27me3-binding motif, and co-regulates sets of silenced genes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Furthermore, these genes are regulated by the acetylated histone reader bromodomain-containing protein four (BRD4) [31], which strongly binds to di-acetylated histone H3 at lysine 9 and 14 and tetra-acetylated histone H4 at lysine five, 8, 12, 16, rather than individual acetylated lysine [36]. (trpv1inhibitor.com)
  • Splicing factor mutations alter splicing in different ways and affect the expression of different genes involved in RNA splicing, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial function, suggesting common mechanisms of action in MDS. (medscape.com)
  • DNA wraps around proteins called histones such that some genes can be accessed easily by cell proteins that "read" the gene, increasing gene expression, while others are less accessible, decreasing gene expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Even if the DNA sequence - the set of genes - is the same in all cells, only certain genes are expressed, i.e. only information from certain genes is copied (transcribed) and used to build protein structures or regulate processes. (lu.se)
  • Gene expression generally produces proteins, but there are also non-coding genes that produce RNA molecules (rRNA, tRNA). (lu.se)
  • It is not only the genes that code for proteins that are methylated, but also parts of the DNA that code for regulatory functions (RNA molecules), which can have a greater effect than genes. (lu.se)
Chromosomes4
Nucleosomal histones1
  • The most enriched proteins released were the nucleosomal histones, which have previously been identified as damage-associated molecular pattern proteins (DAMPs) that can initiate sterile inflammatory responses. (nature.com)
Linker histones1
Inhibition1
  • Vincristine inhibits cellular mitosis by inhibition of intracellular tubulin function, binding to microtubules, and synthesis of spindle proteins in the S phase. (medscape.com)
Mass spectrometry2
  • We identified 231 proteins released from actomyosin contraction-dependent blebs and apoptotic bodies by adapted SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) combined with mass spectrometry analysis. (nature.com)
  • Affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that heterochromatin protein 1a (HP1a) associates with dKDMA4A. (elsevierpure.com)
Nuclei2
  • Non-histone proteins were separated from the nuclei of lymphocytes for the purpose of testing if antigen, following antigen uptake, could be localized within this fraction. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Human lymphocytes were disrupted by N 2 cavitation, the nuclei isolated by differential centrifugation, the chromatin purified, and the DNA separated from chromatin proteins by chromatography on Bio-Gel A 5M in the presence of 4 M guanidine-HCl. (elsevierpure.com)
Antigen4
  • The antigen was identified as a histone H2B-like protein. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This study establishes that mAb's to a cell surface protein of Hc alter the intracellular fate of the fungus and mediate protection in a murine model of lethal histoplasmosis, and it suggests a new candidate antigen for vaccine development. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Antigen was not bound to histones. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Rubinstein, A , Gatien, JG & Merler, E 1976, ' Fractionation of the non-histone proteins of antigen-reactive human lymphocytes: Criteria for the specificity of antigen uptake ', Immunochemistry , vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 59-65. (elsevierpure.com)
Structural7
  • This classification group also includes numerous other structural, regulatory, and motor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • SCOP: Structural Classification of Proteins and ASTRAL. (berkeley.edu)
  • Our proteomic study followed by a deletion analysis and structural modeling demonstrates that HMG20A forms a complex with the histone reader PHF14, via the establishment of a two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil structure. (us.es)
  • A histone is a protein that provides structural support to a chromosome. (sage-tips.com)
  • Extensive sequence and structural comparisons were done with the crystal structures available for NAP/SET family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This work presents a thorough analysis of the structural, functional and regulatory attributes of PfNapS from P. falciparum with respect to previously studied histone chaperones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They bind to structural components (emerin, nesprin), chromatin components (histone), signal transduction molecules (protein kinase C), and several gene regulatory molecules. (medscape.com)
Enzyme2
  • EZH2 encodes the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), a histone-modifying enzyme. (medscape.com)
  • The proteasome pathway is an enzyme complex existing in all cells, which degrades ubiquitinated proteins that control the cell cycle and cellular processes and maintains cellular homeostasis. (medscape.com)
Variants2
Nuclear10
  • They play vital roles in regulating processes like nucleosome remodeling, DNA replication, RNA synthesis and processing, nuclear transport, steroid hormone action and interphase/mitosis transition.Scaffold proteins, DNA polymerase, Heterochromatin Protein 1 and Polycomb are common non-histone proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, depending on the size of poly(ADP-ribose) attached to nuclear proteins, these modified proteins might display different degrees of resistance to proteolysis. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. (nih.gov)
  • Dying cells have been defined as apoptotic by distinguishing features, including cell contraction, nuclear fragmentation, blebbing, apoptotic body formation and maintenance of intact cellular membranes to prevent massive protein release and consequent inflammation. (nature.com)
  • In addition to playing an important role in histone exchange during nuclear processes, histone chaperones function in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of histones, in histone storage, in nucleosome assembly and they act as a link between chromatin remodeling factors and histones [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This complex includes nuclear membrane integral and associated proteins including emerin, lamin A/C, SUN1, SUN2, nesprin-1, and nesprin-2 that are proposed to form a mechanical link between the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton. (medscape.com)
  • EDMD1 is caused by mutations in the EMD gene on the X chromosome that codes for the nuclear envelope protein emerin. (medscape.com)
  • Emerin is a ubiquitous inner nuclear membraneprotein, presentin nearly all cell types, although its highest expression is in skeletal and cardiacmuscle.Emerin binds to many nuclear proteins, including several gene-regulatory proteins (eg, barrier-to-autointegration factor, germ cell-less, Btf), nesprins (proteins that act as molecular scaffolds), F-actin, and lamins. (medscape.com)
  • New mutations have been found in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein 1 ( SYNE1 ) gene and in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein 2 ( SYNE2 ) gene in a few families, also termed Nesprin-1 and Nesprin-2, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • Whatever the true mechanism, the discovery of mutations in several different nuclear membrane proteins that cause similar diseases will likely eventually lead to a better understanding of nuclear membrane physiology and the pathophysiology of diseases caused by mutations in these proteins. (medscape.com)
Drosophila melanogaster JmjC1
Synthesis3
  • Its synthesis is catalyzed by G9a, G9a-like protein, and PRDM2. (ks-vpeptide.com)
  • During S- phase of cell cycle, synthesis of histone proteins takes place as the chromosome number gets doubled to that of somatic number. (zigya.com)
  • Protein synthesis, folding, and tertiary and quaternary structure ultimately determine much of the body's structure and function. (msdmanuals.com)
Highly alkaline proteins1
  • Histone protein is a family of highly alkaline proteins present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. (sage-tips.com)
Post-translational1
  • Quantitative proteomic analysis of post-translational modifications of human histones. (nih.gov)
Chromosome Structure1
  • In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Professor Bill Earnshaw , Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow at the University of Edinburgh, to talk about his work on the role of non-histone proteins in chromosome structure and function during mitosis. (activemotif.jp)
Tails5
  • Since these tails form electrostatic interactions with negatively charged DNA, allowing compaction of the chromatin fiber, we propose that RNA re- stricts electrostatic compaction of chromatin by neutralizing positive charges on histone tails. (sage-tips.com)
  • What neutralizes the charge on histone tails? (sage-tips.com)
  • RNA Modulates the Higher-Order Structure of Chromatin via Electrostatic Interactions We hypothesized that RNA neutralizes the positive charges on histone tails, thereby reducing electrostatic interactions between histones and DNA. (sage-tips.com)
  • In addition, the outlined methodology is generally applicable for studying specific binding partners of unmodified histone tails. (edu.sa)
  • Typically, RBBP4 facilitates chromatin association of the NuRD complex by binding to histone H3 tails. (rcsb.org)
Nucleosome assembly1
  • The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains two nucleosome assembly proteins termed PfNapL and PfNapS. (biomedcentral.com)
Repressive1
  • Conclusions Our results demonstrate for the first time a chromatin-mediated interferon-related transcriptional response driven by an engineered fusion protein that physically links repressive histone marks with active transcription. (elsevierpure.com)
Eukaryotic cells1
Tetramer2
  • The repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, formed from two histone H2A-H2B dimers and one histone H3-H4 tetramer around which 147 bp of DNA are wrapped [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Histone H4 combines with Histone H3 to form the H3/H4 tetramer. (neb.com)
Basic proteins2
  • Histones are a family of basic proteins that associate with DNA in the nucleus and help condense it into chromatin, they are alkaline (basic pH) proteins, and their positive charges allow them to associate with DNA. (sage-tips.com)
  • Histone proteins are basic proteins used for the packaging of eukaryotic DNA. (zigya.com)
Wraps1
Alkaline1
Intracellular protein1
  • 2 , 3 A key feature of apoptosis has been defined as the maintenance of an intact cellular membrane (detectable as exclusion of impermeable dyes such as propidium iodide, PI) throughout the apoptotic program to prevent intracellular protein release and subsequent immunological activation. (nature.com)
Regulate3
  • Histone H2B monoubiquitination functions cooperatively with FACT to regulate elongation by RNA polymerase II. (nih.gov)
  • Histone chaperones are proteins that regulate the interaction of histones with other proteins and DNA and also prevent the highly basic histones from forming inappropriate aggregates [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein can also down-regulate p53 function and thus modulate cell growth and apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
Chromatin-associated2
  • The Trithorax group (TrxG) is composed of diverse, evolutionary conserved proteins that form chromatin-associated complexes accounting for epigenetic transcriptional memory. (silverchair.com)
  • Aberrant isoform expression of chromatin-associated proteins can induce epigenetic programs related to disease. (rcsb.org)
Thymus1
Amino3
  • The amino acid sequence of Hda1p was used to search the Gen-Bank/expressed sequence tag databases to identify partial sequences from three putative class II human HDAC proteins. (psu.edu)
  • Note: The histones are made up of positively charged amino acids, lysine and arginine. (sage-tips.com)
  • Non-histone and histone proteins were obtained in satisfactory purity as shown by amino acid analysis and gel electrophoresis. (elsevierpure.com)
Enzymes2
  • Histone H4 is also modified by various enzymes and these modifications have been shown to be important in gene regulation. (neb.com)
  • Histone H4 is also modified by various enzymes and can act as a substrate for them. (neb.com)
Gene expression3
Vitro3
  • It was found that in vitro ADP-ribosylated histones were much more resistant to proteases than unmodified histones. (oregonstate.edu)
  • These class II HDAC proteins have differential mRNA expression in human tissues and possess in vitro HDAC activity that is inhibited by trichostatin A. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicate that these HDAC proteins are not components of the previously identified HDAC1 and HDAC2 NRD and mSin3A complexes. (psu.edu)
  • Thus, the principle of protein or peptide haptenation could be used in in vitro assays to predict the sensitization potential of a new chemical entity. (cdc.gov)
Modifications2
  • The histone code is constitute by these and the H2A/H2B modifications. (assaygenie.com)
  • A new research paper was published in Aging (Aging-US) on the cover of Volume 14, Issue 12, entitled, "Time makes histone H3 modifications drift in mouse liver. (news-medical.net)
Acidic1
Demethylases1
  • H3K9me2 can be removed by a wide range of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) including KDM1, KDM3, KDM4 and KDM7 family members. (ks-vpeptide.com)
Species1
  • The basis of hapten- molecular mechanisms of the sensitization pro- protein binding work is the hypothesis that upon cess will result in novel opportunities for the skin absorption, only protein-reactive chemicals development of alternative methods for assessing (or those that can be metabolically or chemically skin sensitization hazard and relative potency of converted to protein-reactive species) are able to chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Complexes1
  • In order for very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus, they wrap around complexes of histone proteins, giving the chromosome a more compact shape. (sage-tips.com)
Antibodies1
  • Abcam: antibodies, proteins, kits. (abcam.com)
Mutations4
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Loss-of-function mutations of ASXL1 , which encodes a protein that recruits the PRC2 complex to the histones, is a driver event in some cases of MDS/MPN. (medscape.com)
  • In 5 of 6 gene mutations that have been shown to cause EDMD, the affected protein is present in the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex. (medscape.com)
  • Lastly, mutations in the transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43), also termed LUMA, which binds to emerin and SUN2, has also been reported to cause an EDMD phenotype in a few families. (medscape.com)
Transcription1
  • Transcription factors are a group of proteins that are needed for a gene to start being copied to RNA, i.e. for transcription to start. (lu.se)
HDACs1
  • These proteins possess certain features present in the conserved catalytic domains of class I human HDACs, but also contain additional sequence domains. (psu.edu)